Describe the categories of antimicrobial agents. Describe differences between viral and bacterial infections. Explain why proper identification of viral and bacterial infections is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

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Antimicrobial agents are essential components in the treatment of various bacterial infections as they help to kill or prevent the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoans. Prior to the discovery of antimicrobial agents, treatment options for patients with bacterial infections were limited. For many patients, treatment often resulted in the amputation of limbs or even death. Today, treatment options for bacterial infections typically have a more positive prognosis. Due to the various types of infections presented in patients, it is essential to be able to identify the underlying cause of the infection—whether bacterial or viral—before recommending drug treatments. This will help you identify whether or not an antimicrobial agent would be appropriate and which specific agent would target the infection. In this Assignment, you consider the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents for infections.

To prepare:
  • Review this week’s media presentation on principles of antimicrobial therapy, as well as Chapter 8 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text.
  • Consider the categories of antimicrobial agents.
  • Think about differences between viral and bacterial infections.
  • Reflect on why proper identification of the infection is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.

Write a 3- to4- page paper that addresses the following:

  • Describe the categories of antimicrobial agents.
  • Describe differences between viral and bacterial infections.
  • Explain why proper identification of viral and bacterial infections is key to selecting the proper antimicrobial agent.
 

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Write a 700- to 1,050-word e-mail or memo to staff explaining what intercultural communication is, in addition to why you think the web page does not succeed as effective intercultural communication. Include the following: The text you found by providing a link back to the original document

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Dealing with diversity, especially in such a diverse marketplace, plays a prominent role in the workplace in terms of management theory and business practice. Accepting and managing cultural diversity correctly creates positivity in the workplace. It is imperative to understand the theories about the conditions under which cultural diversity enhances or detracts from work groups.

Search for an online business document, such as a company webpage, blog post, Facebook Info tab, or LinkedIn profile that you believe commits an intercultural communication error–one which fails to consider the needs of at least some of its target readers.

For example:

You might come across a website that uses slang or idiomatic language that could cause confusion.

The web page might use language that offends some readers as well.

Imagine that you are in a human resources department at a company you work for or one for which you would like to work.

Write a 700- to 1,050-word e-mail or memo to staff explaining what intercultural communication is, in addition to why you think the web page does not succeed as effective intercultural communication.

Include the following:

The text you found by providing a link back to the original document

A discussion of the relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication, and how the web page, blog, and so forth, that could improve their intercultural communication competence

Cite any sources and remember to include a title page according to appropriate course-level APA guidelines.  Also plagiarism check and site all references and have reference page.

 

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Do you know where your food comes from? Throughout history, self-sufficiency has been the norm for acquiring food such as grains, meats, fruits, and vegetables. People and nations grew their own food and traded only on a local level. Today, food trade between nations has intensified, food is shipped thousands of miles across the globe, and world trade in agricultural products exceeds $1 trillion annually.

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Primary Task Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 300–500 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments.

Do you know where your food comes from? Throughout history, self-sufficiency has been the norm for acquiring food such as grains, meats, fruits, and vegetables. People and nations grew their own food and traded only on a local level. Today, food trade between nations has intensified, food is shipped thousands of miles across the globe, and world trade in agricultural products exceeds $1 trillion annually.

Choose 1 of the foods from the following link that you may have in your fridge or pantry:

Click here for the list of foods and food information.

Complete the following:

List and describe the food item, and include where it came from (check the label or Web site).
Use this calculator to determine how far it has traveled to you. Answer the following questions (use the Internet and CTU library to form your opinions):
How does the vast movement of food from one nation to another benefit or potentially harm developing nations? Are there benefits of importing food to developed or wealthy nations?
There is an “eat local” initiative developing throughout the United States and Europe. What are the benefits to buying fresh, local foods? Are there drawbacks? Do you buy local?
Can you live without the food item you chose? Is there a local substitute available?
Knowing what you do of how global food trade affects the global market and the economies of individual countries, explain your position on buying this food item in the future.
Responses to Other Students: Respond to at least 2 of your fellow classmates with at least a 100-word reply about their Primary Task Response regarding items you found to be compelling and enlightening. To help you with your discussion, please consider the following questions:

Did your peers’ food travel further than yours?
Do either of your foods require international trade?
How did the benefits and drawbacks of eating local that you discussed compare with your peers’ observations?
References

Food miles calculator. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.organiclinker.com/food-miles.cfm

Mark’s fruit crops. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://fruit-crops.com

 

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“Should the Chagos Islands be a marine reserve or should they be re-settled?”

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International law
Paper, Order, or Assignment Requirements

The essay title is:
“Should the Chagos Islands be a marine reserve or should they be re-settled?”

You must follow the style below as part of the assessment criteria. You will lose marks if you do not follow these guidelines when preparing your coursework.

Primary and secondary sources
• Distinguish clearly between primary sources (the original source of the law, e.g., a case) and secondary sources (a commentary or explanation of the law, e.g., a book).
• To avoid charges of plagiarism and failure to cite sources, clearly cite and credit these sources.
• Lecture notes and handouts are not sources – never cite them in your essay/bibliography
Books
• Adopt the Oxford method of referencing: Richards, P Law of Contract (5th ed. Longman 2007) – author’s name, initial, title, edition, publisher, year
• Refer to a specific page thus: Richards, P Law of Contract (5th ed. Longman 2007), at page 259.
• Do not use textbooks, or articles, as primary sources: Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, page 33 of Richards, Law of Contract is wrong!!
• Do not use and cite inappropriate and sub-degree texts, such as Nutshells.
Articles
• Adopt the Oxford method: Nobles, R and Schiff D, ‘The Right to Appeal and Workable Systems of Justice’ (2002) 65 (5) MLR 676 – author, title of article, year of publication, volume number, issue number, page at which the article starts.
• Refer to specific pages of the article as with Books above.
• Learn to use the relevant abbreviation for the journal: eg, MLR, LQR, OJLS
• Do not use the cataloguing system provided by search engines: Modern Law Review Vol 75, Issue No 3 (Summer) 666-690.
Websites
• Do not use and cite inappropriate websites – never cite wikipedia!!
• The website should not be cited as a substitute for the proper reference: cite the law report, article etc and then refer to the website in your bibliography, with the specific page of that website, together with the date you last accessed the site.
• You may cite a website as a source if that information is only available on that site.
Cases
• Case names should be highlighted, preferably in italics: Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co.
• The reference for the relevant law report should be given, preferably in a footnote: [1893] 1 QB 256.
• Extracts from judgments should refer to the page or paragraph number: [1893] 1 QB 256, Bowen LJ, at 265E.
• A newspaper report is acceptable if no law report reference is available: Potter v Scottish Ministers, The Times, 4 April 2007.
Statutory sources
• The short title of the Act of Parliament should be given: ‘The Human Rights Act 1998 (hereafter the Act or the 1998 Act) was passed …’
• Specific sections should be cited: s.10 Human Rights Act 1998; s.1 for section; ss.1 and 2 for sections; s.1(2) for section and sub-section.
• If you cite an article from a treaty you can cite it as Art. 1, Article 1 or article 1.
• Provide the proper citation for secondary legislation: Prison Rules 1999 (SI 1999/728).
Latin words and phrases
• Put Latin words and phrases in italics – inter alia, volenti non fit injuria
• You may use Latin words when referring to previous references (op cit, ibid, supra etc) or you can simply say, see note 4, above or see note 10, below.
Footnotes
• Learn to use footnotes for references: ‘… in the case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co’.
• The superscript number should appear at the end of the particular piece of information or quotation, above, not at the start: ie, not Carlill…

 

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Provide a summarized narrative of 200 words on the National Strategy of the country of Iran.

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U. S. Government
Paper, Order, or Assignment Requirements

Background: Asia, Europe, and the Middle East are three complex and important regions in which the U.S. Government (USG) will maintain an active role. The regions are complex because of their sheer sizes and diversity. They are a crossroad of religions and cultures and home to the majority of the world’s population. They all contain a multitude of different types of governments and economic systems. The growing economic and military power of some of the emerging nations far outstrips that of weaker, less stable neighbors. Two competing trends will likely emerge from these complex relationships: (1) Increased stability between diverse nations through the use of diplomatic and economic power, and (2) Possible growing tensions fueled by nationalism, military might, and internal ethnic or religious strife.

1. Provide a summarized narrative of 200 words on the National Strategy of the country of Iran. Include footnotes references for proper citation.

2. Provide a cogent overview of 500 words on the Military Strategy (strategic level) of Iran by applying the ends, ways and means (objectives, concepts and resources) approach based on the understanding of the USAWC Strategy Model.

3. Provide a response of 300 words in agreement or disagreement if the military strategies mentioned in the overview above will work for Iran.

4. Research and examine current U.S. interests and objectives of Iran, in terms of U.S. National Security. Determine the best use of United States power for Iran. From the analysis, elaborate on the information below of 300 words to further advance U.S. interests regarding Iran.

– Primacy: Leverage American military, political and economic power to the maximum extent in pursuit of our interests. The primary goal would be to prolong American influence and hegemony in Iran for as long as possible.

 

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Designing a professional development plan that implements the PLC process instructions

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Designing a professional development plan that implements the PLC process instructions
Paper, Order, or Assignment Requirements

Essay: Designing a professional development plan that implements the PLC process instructions

Write a 3500 word professional development plan that implements the PLC process at the institutional or system level.

This comprehensive plan should be organized around the identified key dimensions of the PLC process and the external support systems. It should include:

1. Background/context: explain the cultural/professional context and demographic information of your institution/system.
2. Assessment of the PLC practice and dimensions in your school/institution/system.
3. Identify one or two key dimensions of the PLC process to be addressed.
4. Identify and implement strategies to develop the educational culture in relation to the PLC process.
5. Include a feasible timeline, resources needed, and who is responsible for each strategy/step.

The purpose of this assignment is to:

1. Investigate the dimensions and critical attributes of PLCs.
2. Implement formal and informal tools and strategies to assess and develop the educational culture in relation to the PLC process.
3. Reflect on your own practice and assess your ability to apply what you have learned about professional learning communities to practice.

 

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Explain the following concepts: • Information Value of a variable • Validation data set in a decision tree context • Outlier truncation • LGD in the Basel context

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Credit Scoring and Data Mining
Paper, Order, or Assignment Requirements

Question 1 (25 marks)

Estimate a logistic regression classifier for the churn data set which you find on the Blackboard. You can use the software you like (e.g. SAS Enterprise Miner, Weka, SAS, SPSS, Matlab, …). Nevertheless, I would advise to use SAS Enterprise Miner, maybe in combination with Microsoft Excel to do some preprocessing. The churn indicator is the target variable. Carefully describe all steps you undertake and indicate which software you used. Make sure you don’t forget to:
• Split the data into a training set (2/3 of the observations) and a test set (1/3 of the observations). Each student should do this individually in a random way (using e.g. SAS Enterprise Miner/ Weka/Microsoft Excel). Hence, it is very implausible that students come up with the same parameter estimates! Special consideration will be given to students that come up with the same parameter estimates.
• Code the nominal variables using dummies or Weights of Evidence (note that some additional coarse classification might be needed).

• Do outlier detection and treatment (only univariate) as discussed in the lectures.
• Consider doing stepwise regression.

You should report the following:
• A short discussion of your data preprocessing steps
• Values of the estimated parameters
• A discussion of the most predictive inputs
• Classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity on the training and test sets assuming a cut-off of 0.5
• The ROC curve and the Area Under the ROC Curve on the test set
• Accuracy Ratio on the test set

Question 2 (25 marks)

Find an academic or business paper published in 2015 or later discussing a real-life application of data mining or credit scoring. It is important that the case considered is a real-life case and not an artificial one. You can consult the following websites and journals to find an appropriate paper:

• Informs (https://www.informs.org/), e.g.
o Informs Journal on Computing
o Informs Management Science
o Informs Operations Research
• Elsevier (www.elsevier.com), e.g.
o European Journal of Operational Research
o Journal of the Operational Research Society
o Omega
o Computers and Operations Research
o Machine Learning
o Expert Systems with Applications
• Oxford University Press (https://www.oxfordjournals.org/), e.g.
o IMA Journal of Management Mathematics
• Springer
o Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery

However, feel free to use other literature sources as well, as long as they are scientific, academic papers. Once you have found an appropriate paper, report the following in separate sections:
• Title, authors and complete citation (journal name, book title, issue, year, …)
• The data mining problem considered
• The data mining techniques used
• The results reported
• A critical discussion of the model and results (assumptions made, shortcomings, limitations, …)

Make sure you demonstrate that you understand what the article is all about!

Do not copy and paste from the article. Using Turnitin, this will be easily detected!

Question 3 (25 marks)

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of interconnected things such as electronics devices, sensors, software, IT infrastructure which create and add value by exchanging data with various stakeholders such as manufacturers, service providers, customers, other devices, etc., hereby using the World Wide Web technology stack (e.g. Wifi, IPv6, …). In terms of devices, you can think about heartbeat monitors; motion, noise or temperature sensors; smart meters measuring utility (e.g. electricity, water) consumption; etc. Some examples of applications are:
• Smart parking: automatically monitoring free parking spaces in a city;
• Smart lighting: automatically adjusting street lights to weather conditions;
• Smart traffic: optimizing driving and walking routes based upon traffic and congestion;
• Smart grid: automatically monitoring energy consumption;
• Smart supply chains: automatically monitoring goods as they move through the supply chain;
• Telematics: automatically monitoring driving behavior and linking it to insurance risk and premiums;
• …
It speaks for itself that the amount of data generated is enormous and offers an unseen potential for analytical applications.

Pick one particular type of application of IoT and discuss the following:
• how to use both predictive and descriptive analytics;
• how to evaluate the performance of the analytical models;
• key issues in post-processing and implementing the analytical models;
• important challenges and opportunities.

Question 4 (20 marks)

Explain the following concepts (don’t copy and paste from the Internet or Wikipedia):
• Information Value of a variable
• Validation data set in a decision tree context
• Outlier truncation
• LGD in the Basel context

 

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Critically evaluate the changes to the NHS at the local level.

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Health policy
Paper, Order, or Assignment Requirements

Below is the essay with the instruction and some useful resources given by my lecturer.

Health Policy”

This assignment is intended to assess the following learning outcomes:

4. Critically evaluate the changes to the NHS at the local level.
5. Work with health policy leaders and innovators
6. Review alternatives to traditional care delivery services.
7. Appreciate the role of health commissioners.
9. Use the web for information gathering and communication

Show how the recent policy changes in the NHS will improved health care delivered to local communities. Evaluate the usefulness and success of these changes to health and care delivery.

Main aim(s) of the module:
To examine health policy as it has evolved with the creation of the NHS.
To review current health policies and related these to need at the local level.
To evaluate the 2013 NHS reforms and their implementation.
To investigate health care outside the NHS

Main topics of study:
Recent reforms to the National Health Service
Examples of health care changes in East London.
Coordination and integration of health care.
The commissioning of Health services
The role of the patient as a consumer of health care.
The role of the local council in providing health care and policy coordination

Learning Outcomes for the module
Please use the appropriate headings to group the Learning Outcomes. While it is expected that a module will have LOs covering a range of knowledge and skills, it is not necessary that all four headings are covered in every module. Please delete any headings that are not relevant. You should number the LOs sequentially to enable mapping of assessment tasks.

At the end of this module, students will be able to:

Knowledge
1. Identify the main features of the National Health Service.
2. Understand how health reforms have change local delivery of health care.

Thinking skills
3. Demonstrate a critical understanding of the NHS reforms
4. Critically evaluate the changes to the NHS at the local level.

Subject-based practical skills
5. Work with health policy leaders and innovators.
6. Review alternatives to traditional care delivery services.
7. Appreciate the role of health commissioners

Skills for life and work (general skills)
8. Carry out literature searches using on-line facilities.
9. Use the web for information gathering and communication

Seminar on Voluntary services
Can the NHS learn from the voluntary sector?
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/supporting-people-manage-their-health
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/press/press-releases/enable-more-nhs-organisations-become-mutuals-and-devolve-decision-making-says
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/making-our-health-and-care-systems-fit-ageing-population
28th January
How is the Better Care Fund aiming to improve health care?
How is “Care in the Community” and the work of voluntary organisations contributing to better health?
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/voluntary_sector.html
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/integrating_health.html
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/blog/2014/05/wanted-even-better-care-fund

4th February
How is the new “Health watch” likely to contribute to local health care?
https://www.local.gov.uk/web/guest/health-wellbeing-and-adult-social-care/-/journal_content/56/10171/3492011/ARTICLE-TEMPLATE
https://bit.ly/1LgqasI
https://bit.ly/1FvBHlC
https://www.local.gov.uk/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=5cbe6e9e-2146-4daa-a074-499d360f3df7&groupId=10180
https://bit.ly/1iVNBLw
https://bit.ly/1MTPGUL
https://bit.ly/1Vlydnt

11th February
What is the future for the District general hospital?
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/articles/nhs_reconfiguration.html
Hospital finance
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0367snq

25th February
Does Commissioning have a part in future health care policy?
https://www.nhsconfed.org/health-topics/commissioning https://www.health.org.uk/search/?searchType=word&keywords=Commissioning&searchSubmit=Go&siid=131
What are the concerns surrounding the involvement of “Alternative Qualified Providers” (AQP)
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03h3fx6
https://news.bbc.co. uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/12_11_13_fo4_healthymarket.pdf

3rd March
Critically review the new “Health and Wellbeing Boards”
https://www.nhsconfed.org/~/media/Confederation/Files/Publications/Documents/guide_to_governance_for_health_and_wellbeing_boards.pdf
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/health-and-wellbeing-boards-one-year-on
https://bit.ly/1RaYjJl
https://bit.ly/1LgrXhu
https://bit.ly/1KObpI0
Show how the work of the Newham Scrutiny Committee has contributed to better health care.
https://www.newham.gov.uk/YourCouncil/Scrutiny/Whatisscrutiny.htm.

10th March
Show how community health services are evolving in response to demands being made upon it and changes in health policy.
https://www.nhsconfed.org/resources/2015/07/what-are-community-health-services

17th March
Does Primary care have a future in its present form?
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/commissioning-and-funding-general-practice
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/articles/general-practice-london-supporting-improvements-quality

 

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Discuss the role of transparency and accountability in reporting financial information in local government.

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External Control and Performance Evaluation
Paper, Order, or Assignment Requirements

Public Financial Management Assignment 5 – Auditing

According to Yusef et al (2013) the drive to make popular financial reports available to the public are based upon the ideas of transparency and accountability. Discuss the role of transparency and accountability in reporting financial information in local government. Provide two (2) examples where not reporting financial information to the public would be beneficial.
Cleon Fowler is the vice president of the HMO of Stonehaven. The organization bills and collects premiums from employers for their employees that are enrolled as members of the HMO. In turn, it receives bills from hospitals and physicians for care they have given to its members. Cleon is in charge of optimizing the use of resources and safeguarding the resources of the HMO. He knows that if anything goes wrong (i.e. waste of resources, embezzlement), he will be held responsible. He has, therefore, called upon you as an expert consultant in the area of accountability and control. Cleon has asked you to recommend specific procedures and policies for enhancing internal controls of the organization. You should also explain to him the importance of auditing and the differences between a financial audit and a performance audit. Finally, prepare Cleon for the inevitable time when the HMO is audited. Discuss factors that are likely to impact HMO of Stonehaven when it follows-up to the recommendations of the audit. As you identify the factors impacting the follow-up audit, briefly explain the importance of each factor.
External Auditing & Performance Evaluation; Detecting Corruption

Discuss three (3) things you learned from the lecture

Discuss three (3) things from the lecture that need to be explained in more detail
Discuss the major obstacles to the development of robust fiscal systems in government. Explain the relationship (if any) these failures have had on auditing in the public sector.

 

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