What are the consequences of pain in the older adult?

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Each and every professional nurse brings his or her own personal experiences, beliefs, and values to the professional nursing practice. After watching the Elder Project- Seven Seniors Face the Future video and reading evidence based policy solution document, apply evidence based practice and discuss the following:Summarize what wellness within chronic illness means to you?
• What are the consequences of pain in the older adult?
• What are the age-related changes that affect psychological and cognitive functioning?

link to video to watch- https://ohio.kanopy.com/video/elder-project

In case the above link does not work what you can do is connect to Kanopy from:http://alice.library.ohiou.edu:80/record=e1000945~S7 and then search with the title “The Elder Project”.

REQUIRED READING IS ATTACHED AS A FILE.. ONE REFERENCE MUST COME FROM THE ATTACHED READING

References:

  • Initial Post: Minimum of two (2) total references and in-text citation one (1) from required course materials and one (1) from peer-reviewed references.

please follow instruction plagiarism will not be accepted.

 

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Disengagement theory and the Symbolic Interactionism theory are similar yet different.

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Post a thoughtful response to at least two (2) other colleagues’ initial postings. Responses to colleagues should be supportive and helpful (examples of an acceptable comment are: “This is interesting – in my practice, we treated or resolved (diagnosis or issue) with (x, y, z meds, theory, management principle) and according to the literature…” and add supportive reference. Avoid comments such as “I agree” or “good comment.”.

References:

Response posts: Minimum of one (1) total reference: one (1) from peer-reviewed or course materials reference per response.
Words Limits

Response posts: Minimum 100 words excluding references.
peer initial discussion 1

The purpose of this post is to compare and contrast two theories of aging as it relates to the role of a caregiver. Next, I will discuss one thing I have learned. Finally, I will talk about information that will most likely affect my nursing practice.

The two theories I chose to compare and contrast are the Disengagement theory and the Symbolic Interactionism theory. The Disengagement theory is based on the idea that as people age they lose interest in social activities and social ties because they expect to die. As a person grows old, their ability to engage with others declines causing them to lose touch with norms. The Symbolic Interactionism theory is based on the argument that factors such as the environment, people, or the person’s interactions with others can have a huge impact on the older patient’s thoughts and behaviors (Hooyman & Kiyak, 2010).

These two theories are similar in that they both have an impact on the patient’s behavior. The patient can become confused so the caregiver will have to know what to say or do to reorient the patient. Patients can often become confused enough to not be able to live alone causing the caregiver to have to move into their homes to provide continuous care.

The difference between these two theories is that with the Disengagement theory the patient becomes withdrawn or disengaged and loses touch with everyday norms. The caregiver will have to help the patient find his or her new norm to replace what their norms would usually be. This process can be quite difficult for the caregiver considering most older folks are generally set in their ways and usually don’t deal with change to well. With the Social Interaction theory, the patient does not become disengaged. The patient acts or reacts to his or her surroundings and environment which can lead to confusion or even anger. The caregiver will have to continuously help the patient get reoriented or help him or her calm down if the situation gets upsetting. I was caring for a patient one evening who was calm and cooperative all night. When the morning came around, the patient’s brother came to visit. The patient became very upset, agitated, and uncooperative. This went on for about an hour, until the brother left. After the brother left, I went back into the patient’s room and talked to him for a while. He slowly started to calm down and act like the patient I had been taking care of the entire night. My guess is the brother triggered something in the patient that made him feel this way. The patient didn’t talk about their relationship growing up so I can only assume something happened that bothered the patient.

One thing I have learned from this is that there are many theories about aging adults. I have heard of a couple theories but I had no idea there were so many. It was interesting to read about the different theories and try to apply some of them to the older patients I have cared for, for days to weeks at a time.

The one piece of information that will most likely affect my nursing practice is that I have become more aware of the difficulties older adults face with their cognitive abilities therefore, I will be more patient and sensitive to their needs.

In conclusion, the Disengagement theory and the Symbolic Interactionism theory are similar yet different. Both theories affect how a person thinks and behaves and the caregiver has to adjust his or her care accordingly. There are times the caregiver has to move in with the patient or move the patient in with him or her to provide continuous care. This can be a big burden to the caregiver and their family. Caregivers sometime have to give up much of their time to care for a loved one and most of their time is spent trying to keep that loved one involved in life. According to Hunter et al. (2013), Physical activity and social engagement helps to increase the longevity and quality of life in older adult. The longer the caregiver can help the patient stay active, the happier and healthier the patient will be.

Reference

Hooyman, N, R., & Kiyak, H. A. (2010). Chapter 8: Social theories of aging. [Power Point Presentation]. University of Idaho. Retrieved from http;//www.webpages.uidaho.edu/gbabcock/PDFs/hooyman_Ch8.pdf.

Hunter, R. H., Anderson, L. A., Belza, B. Bodiford, K., Hooker, S. P., Kochtitzky. C., Marquiz, D.X., & Satariano, W. (2013). Environments for Healthy Aging: Linking Prevention Research and Public Health Practice. PMC, 10, E55. Doi:10.5888/pcd10.120244.

Peer discussion 2

The purpose of this post is to compare and contrast two theories of aging as it relates to the caregiver. This post will also discuss one thing that I learned that I did not previously know. Furthermore, this post will discuss one piece of information that is most likely to affect my nursing practice. The two theories of aging that will be discussed in this post are the disengagement theory and the gerotranscendence theory. The disengagement theory can be briefly explained as a “step back” that the elderly person takes in their life, meaning they are less active, less attentive to the outside world and more preoccupied their own lives, which ultimately results in a power shift where the next generation takes over (Social Theories of Aging). The gerotranscendence theory looks beyond the simple biological change to a more psychic, intrinsic change that is labeled as “wisdom” which results from crossing over into a type of meta-world due to a shift from materialism to a more spiritual and rational viewpoint (Thorsen, 2009).

In regards to how these two theories of aging relate to the role of the caregiver, there are more differences than similarities. One difference is that the disengagement theory seems to describe the elderly person as withdrawn from society which could put a lot of strain on the caregiver to not only meet physical needs but all emotional and spiritual needs if the elderly person is not engaged in anything or fosters relationships with anyone else. To simply put it, the caregiver becomes everything to the elderly person, their nurse, their cook, their emotional support, the person they may look to for spiritual guidance, and so on. On the contrary, the gerotranscendence theory describes the elderly person as moving on to a more spiritual awareness, often referred to as wisdom, which could actually be of more help to the caregiver. In other words, the elderly person is helping the caregiver by imparting wisdom, and maybe helping the younger generation, the caregiver, to reach this meta-world, this shift from materialism to transcendence before they are actually an elderly person which could help the caregiver to see things as they truly are, what truly matters in life, and helping to have their priorities in the right order. One similarity between the two theories is that there is a shift of some kind, even though the shifts are different, there is a shift nonetheless that the caregiver has to anticipate and be adaptable to to help provide care for the elderly person.

One thing I learned that I did not know before was that there are different aging theories. That sounds silly but I don’t ever remember learning about aging theories in my ADN program. Learning about the different theories has made me think about some of the elderly people I have cared for, and to even think about my grandparents, and to contemplate what aging theory they fall under. I think one piece of information that will most likely affect my nursing practice is knowing about these aging theories and being more mindful of them when I am assessing elderly patients and interviewing them and trying to get an understanding of their home life so that I can better understand what their needs may be, if they need a caregiver and what possible strain the caregiver could be under providing care.

In conclusion, understanding aging theories plays an important role in understanding the elderly population. Knowing the aging theories and which one your elderly client may fall under can help anticipate their needs and help understand what kind of caregiver they need.

References

Social Theories of Aging. (n.d.). Retrieved October 12, 2018, from https://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/gbabcock/PDFs/hooy…

Thorsen, K. (2009). The paradoxes of gerotranscendence: The theory of gerotranscendence in a cultural gerontological and post-modernist perspective. Norsk Epidemiologi,8(2), 165-176. doi:10.5324/nje.v8i2.464

 

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Construct a decision tree for the following decision situation and indicate the best decision.

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Chapter 12

Q1. A local real estate investor in Orlando is considering three alternative investments; a motel, a restaurant, or a theater. Profits from the motel or restaurant will be affected by the availability of gasoline and the number of tourists; profits from the theater will be relatively stable under any conditions. The following payoff table shows the profit or loss that could result from each investment: Investment Weather Conditions Shortage Stable Supply Surplus Motel $-7,500 $12,000 $23,000 Restaurant 3000 7,000 6,500 Theater 5000 6,000 4,000 Determine the best investment, using the following decision criteria. a. Maximax b. Maximin c. Minimax regret d. Hurwicz (α = 0.4) e. Equal likelihood

Q2. A concessions manager at the Tech versus A&M football game must decide whether to have the vendors sell sun visors or umbrellas. There is a 35% chance of rain, a 25% chance of overcast skies, and a 40% chance of sunshine, according to the weather forecast in college junction, where the game is to be held. The manager estimates that the following profits will result from each decision, given each set of weather conditions: Decision Weather Conditions Rain 0.35 Overcast 0.25 Sunshine 0.40 Sun visors $-400 $-200 $1,500 Umbrellas 2,100 0 -800 a. Compute the expected value for each decision and select the best one. b. Develop the opportunity loss table and compute the expected opportunity loss for each decision.

Q3. Place-Plus, a real estate development firm, is considering several alternative development projects. These include building and leasing an office park, purchasing a parcel of land and building an office building to rent, buying and leasing a warehouse, building a strip mall, and selling condominiums. The financial success of these projects depends on interest rate movement in the next 5 years. The various development projects and their 5- year financial return (in $1,000,000s) given that interest rates will decline, remain stable, or increase, are in the following payoff table. Place-Plus real estate development firm has hired an economist to assign a probability to each direction interest rates may take over the next 5 years. The economist has determined that there is a 0.45 probability that interest rates will decline, a 0.35 probability that rates will remain stable, and a 0.2 probability that rates will increase. a. Using expected value, determine the best project. b. Determine the expected value of perfect information. Project Interest Rate Decline Stable Increase Office park $0.4 $1.55 $3.5 Office building 2.5 1.8 2.75 Warehouse 1.7 1.45 1.5 Mall 0.8 2.3 3.5 Condominiums 3.2 1.5 0.5

Q4. The director of career advising at Orange Community College wants to use decision analysis to provide information to help students decide which 2-year degree program they should pursue. The director has set up the following payoff table for six of the most popular and successful degree programs at OCC that shows the estimated 5-Year gross income ($) from each degree for four future economic conditions: Degree Program Economic Conditions Recession Average Good Robust Graphic design 150,000 175,000 220,000 200,000 Nursing 160,000 180,000 205,000 215,000 Real estate 125,000 165,000 220,000 210,000 Medical technology 135,000 180,000 210,000 270,000 Culinary technology 110,000 145,000 235,000 205,000 Computer information technology 130,000 150,000 190,000 245,000 Determine the best degree program in terms of projected income, using the following decision criteria: a. Maximax b. Maximin c. Equal likelihood d. Hurwicz (α=0.4)

Q5. Construct a decision tree for the following decision situation and indicate the best decision. Fenton and Farrah Friendly, husband-and-wife car dealers, are soon going to open a new dealership. They have three offers: from a foreign compact car company, from a U.S. producer of full-sized cars, and from a truck company. The success of each type of dealership will depend on how much gasoline is going to be available during the next few years. The profit from each type of dealership, given the availability of gas, is shown in the following payoff table: Dealership Gasoline Availability Shortage 0.7 Surplus 0.3 Compact cars $25,000 $150,000 Full-sized cars -90,000 650,000 Trucks 125,000 170,000 Decision Tree diagram to complete: 1 2 3 4 Compact cars Full

 

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Purpose of the change proposal

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In this assignment, students will pull together the change proposal project components they have been working on throughout the course to create a proposal inclusive of sections for each content focus area in the course. At the conclusion of this project, the student will be able to apply evidence-based research steps and processes required as the foundation to address a clinically oriented problem or issue in future practice.

Students will develop a 1,250-1,500 word paper that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal:

Background
Problem statement
Purpose of the change proposal
PICOT
Literature search strategy employed
Evaluation of the literature
Applicable change or nursing theory utilized
Proposed implementation plan with outcome measures
Identification of potential barriers to plan implementation, and a discussion of how these could be overcome
Appendix section, if tables, graphs, surveys, educational materials, etc. are created
Review the feedback from your instructor on the Topic 3 assignment, PICOT Statement Paper, and Topic 6 assignment, Literature Review. Use the feedback to make appropriate revisions to the portfolio components before submitting.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

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Introduction to your CPP with QSEN competency.

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Overview

This discussion gives you a chance to present your CPP to other students. (see attached)This discussion should introduce your CPP, explain why you selected this project, discuss your selected organization, and provide your proposed solution. Be sure to include:

  • Introduction to your CPP with QSEN competency.
  • Discussion related to how your selected organization (Not the facility where you implemented your project, the one you discussed in the templates which supported your project with references or resource information) supports your project.
  • Areas for further research.
  • Proposed solution.

Your initial post must be posted before you can view and respond to colleagues, must contain minimum of two (2) references, in addition to examples from your personal experiences to augment the topic. The goal is to make your post interesting and engaging so others will want to read/respond to it. Synthesize and summarize from your resources in order to avoid the use of direct quotes, which can often be dry and boring. No direct quotes are allowed in the discussion board posts.

References:

  • Initial Post: Minimum of two (2) total references: one (1) from required course materials and one (1) from peer-reviewed references.
  • Response posts: Minimum of one (1) total reference: one (1) from peer-reviewed or course materials reference per response.

Words Limits

  • Initial Post: Minimum 400 words excluding references (approximately one (1) page)
 

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Heart Failure Clinic

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Overview

Write a 3–4 page evidence-based resourcing plan for one component of the Heart Failure Clinic.

It is important for the nurse leader to have not only a basic understanding of the budget process, but to understand how to work with variances in staffing, patient loads, and supply costs in order to meet the needs of the patients, without compromising the funding process of the clinic.SHOW LESS

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

  • Competency 3: Apply management strategies and best practices for health care finance, human resources, and materials allocation decisions to improve health care delivery and patient outcomes.
    • Apply evidence-based management strategies and best practices for resourcing health care services.
    • Describe management and accountability tools and procedures used to manage health delivery services and patient outcomes.
  • Competency 4: Apply professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct in professional practice.
    • Apply legal and professional standards for resourcing outpatient services.
  • Competency 5: Communicate in manner that is consistent with the expectations of a nursing professional.
    • Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
    • Correctly format citations and references using current APA style.
Reference

Kelly, P., & Tazbir, J. (2014). Essentials of nursing leadership and management (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar.

Context

Health care delivery is a complex process and system that includes multiple delivery sites such as hospitals, ambulatory-care centers, private-provider offices, community-health facilities, home-care agencies, and extended-care facilities. Managed care is a method used to reimburse or pay for health care service. It includes more than just payment; it also controls the delivery services. Health care reform has been undertaken for a variety of reasons, not the least of which are access and health disparities issues. Nursing within an organization is a critical component of health care delivery and is an essential ingredient in patient outcomes (Kelly & Tazbir, 2014).

SUGGESTED RESOURCES

 

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Develop and explain how you would integrate a process to create collaboration and cohesion within the environment of your team.

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For the second phase of your project, using your reading and other resources, create your plan to form your Health Care Inc. team.

1- From your knowledge of team building, until now answer the following:

a) Develop and explain how you would integrate a process to create collaboration and cohesion within the environment of your team. It includes specific benefits for the organization.

b)Evaluate the types of leadership: select at least three and compose an outline of what leadership considers it necessary for the tasks of your team Health Care Inc. Specific examples of tasks, events and / or situations that may need to occur.

Case Study: ( use this resourse and the attachment)

Building an effective team is more than just choosing team members, you will to consider many factors.

Recall the dynamics of the organization:

Organization: Health Care Inc.

Employees: 15-20 thousand worldwide

Employee Occupations: Nurses, IT Specialist, Human Resources, Administration Staff, Management, Nursing Assistants (various levels & positions)

Goal of team: The business needs to expand to remain competitive in the worldwide marketplace. A team needs to be created to help the organization evaluate, justify, and propose ideas.

Business Module: Contract Nurses and Nursing Assistants to organizations worldwide.

Please submit 2-3 pages, No plagiarism, be professional, include citations and references

 

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Community Windshield Survey

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Guidelines for Caring for Populations Milestone 1:

Community Windshield Survey

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to complete a direct observational assessment of a community in your area. This windshield survey will be the initial step in uncovering a community health problem in your area and identifying community dynamics. This problem will be further assessed in the following two assignments.

Course Outcomes

This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes.

CO2: Assess the health needs of individuals, families, aggregates, and communities using demographic and epidemiological data to identify population health risks. (PO 4)

Due Date

Submit to the appropriate basket in the Dropbox by 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday of Week 2.

Points: 150 points

Directions

  1. Download the NR443 Community Windshield Survey form from Doc Sharing. You will type your name and answers directly onto this Word document. Your form does not need to follow APA formatting; however, you are expected to use a professional writing style with complete sentences, accurate grammar, and correct spelling. If references are used, they must be cited in the text and the complete reference should be included in the reference box in APA format. References are optional.
  2. Watch Caring for Populations project overview and Milestone 1 tutorial by clicking this link. This tutorial is also available on Course Project page under Course Home as well as Week 2 Assignments page.
  3. Save the file by clicking Save as and adding your last name to the file name; for example, NR443 Windshield Survey Form_Smith.
  4. Submit the completed form to the Caring for Populations: Community Windshield Survey Dropbox by Sunday, 11:59 p.m. MT at the end of Week 2.
  5. Length: The completed form should be three to four pages in length (not including any optional references).

Guidelines
Below are the requirements needed for successful completion of the Windshield Survey Form.

  1. Introduction to the Community:Identify the community you will be using for this assignment with the city and state and provide a brief one paragraph description of the community. Your community should be the area where you live or the area surrounding your work setting. The community must include a residential area and be broad enough to answer the survey questions. You do not need demographic data.
  2. Windshield Survey: Assess your community by doing a windshield survey. Information about the components of a windshield survey is located in your textbook, Nies & McEwen (2015) on page 98 (Box 6-2). Drive through the area and report your observations by describing each of the following six areas using a majority of the questions from each category of Box 6-2 as your guide (one to two in depth paragraphs for each category). Be sure to include what you observed related to each of these categories, and also include any significant items that are missing in your community because this may be equally important in identifying a community health problem.

a. Community vitality

b. Indicators of social and economic conditions

c. Health resources

d. Environmental conditions related to health

e. Social functioning

f. Attitude toward healthcare

Note: It is helpful to conduct this assessment at least two different times: during the day or evening, on a weekday and/or on the weekend. If possible, plan on asking someone to drive during your survey so that you can take notes.

  1. Conclusion: Provide a summary of your findings. Describe significant community health problems based on your observations. The information gathered during the windshield survey should assist you to identify community health problems that will be further assessed in the next assignment.
  2. References: The purpose of this assignment is to document your observations of your community. Outside sources are not required. However, if sources are used, these sources must be cited within the form (Author, year) and listed in the reference section in APA format (see APA category in Course Resources for help with formatting).

Best Practices in Completing the Form
The following are best practices in preparing this project.

· Make sure all elements of the form are included.

· Review directions and grading rubric below thoroughly.

· Cite any outside references as above (these are optional).

· Use a professional writing style with complete sentences.

· Proofread prior to final submission.

· Check for spelling and grammar errors prior to final submission.

· Abide by the Chamberlain academic integrity policy.

 

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Self Directed Learning Plan

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Looking Ahead: Self Directed Learning Plan (SDLP) – DRAFT

Purpose:

It’s important to develop your professional goals and how you achieve them in this course and your chosen program.

Directions:

To prepare your SDLP for the review, complete the steps outlined below. If you are prepared to submit it before Unit 7 week, please do so. This will give your instructor an opportunity to connect with you early in the term. To submit the SDLP early, simply upload it to the Unit 7 SDLP Dropbox and your instructor will have an opportunity to review it there anytime during the course and provide preliminary feedback.

After exploring the course description, course outcomes, and unit themes and outcomes, complete your SDLP for this course. Not all courses will directly impact your strengths or your areas of development.

What do you expect to learn in this course that will help you achieve your academic and professional goals? You are encouraged to reflect earnestly about how the course content and experience might serve your goals, as well as about what you might proactively do in the course to develop in your target areas.

If you have determined there are additional areas from which you would benefit, or areas you would like to replace, this is a good time to do so. Remember, this is your learning plan, so design it to help you achieve your unique goals.

This Assignment will be graded based on evidence of thoughtful development of your SDLP; a draft is due in this unit. Your Unit 7 Draft of the SDLP MUST be submitted in the SDLP Template (You cannot submit a paper). If you have references for the SDLP, these must be added under a Reference Heading at the very end of the SDLP Template. You do not need to submit a title page in APA format with the SDLP Assignment. Your final version, incorporating instructor feedback from the Unit 7 SDLP Draft is due in Unit 9.

SDLP Template

To view the Grading Rubric for this Assignment, please visit the Grading Rubrics section of the Course Home.

Assignment Requirements:

Before finalizing your work, you should:

  • be sure to read the Assignment description carefully (as displayed above);
  • consult the Grading Rubric (under the Course Home) to make sure you have included everything necessary; and
  • utilize spelling and grammar check to minimize errors.

Your writing Assignment should:

  • follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);
  • be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful; and
  • display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics.

How to Submit

Submit your Assignment to the unit Dropbox before midnight on the last day of the unit.

When you are ready to submit your Assignment, click the Dropbox tab and select this unit’s basket from the dropdown menu, then attach your file. Make sure to save a copy of your work and be sure to confirm that your file uploaded correctly.

For help uploading your file, review the Student Guide to the Dropbox.

ID:MN501-07-08-ASG

 

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