Week 8 paper – Exam

Please see the attached assignment, which is due on 07 April 2019. Please read carefully before you accept responsibility.

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There are 75 questions in this Final Exam. Each question is worth 1 point.

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QUESTION 1

__ is typically not referred to as a buffer type in critical chain project management.

Resource buffer

Free buffer

Feeding buffer

Project buffer

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QUESTION 2

A company has to make a choice between two projects, because the available resources in money and kind are not sufficient to run both at the same time. Each project would take 9 months and would cost $250,000.

1. The first project is a process optimization which would result in a cost reduction of $120,000 per year. This benefit would be achieved immediately after the end of the project. 2. The second project would be the development of a new product which could produce the following net profits after the end of the project: 1. year: $ 15,000 2. year: $ 125,000 3. year: $ 220,000

Assumed is a discount rate of 5% per year. Looking at the present values of the benefits of these projects in the first 3 years, what is true?

Both projects are equally attractive.

The first project is more attractive by app. 7%.

The second project is more attractive by app. 5%.

The first project is more attractive by app. 3%.

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QUESTION 3

A production process has been defined as part of an industrial equipment manufacturing project. The process is intended to produce steel bolts with a length of 20 cm. The control limits are 19.955cm and 20.045cm. The measurements made at the end of the process yielded the following results: 20.033cm, 19.982cm, 19,995cm, 20.006cm, 19.970cm, 19.968cm, 19.963cm, 19.958cm, 19.962cm, 19.979cm, 19.959cm. What should be done?

The process is under control. It should not be adjusted.

A special cause should be investigated, the process should be adjusted.

The control limits should be adjusted.

The measuring equipment should be recalibrated.

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QUESTION 4

Your project management team includes two external consultants each from a different company. You found that repeated conflicts between the two consultants already slow down project progress and jeopardize achievement of objectives.Which stage of team development can be difficult to overcome in such a situation?

Storming from Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing

Panic from Enthusiasm, Panic, Hope, Solution

Kickoff from Assignment, Kickoff, Training, Communicating

Frustration from Direction, Frustration, Cooperation, Collaboration

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QUESTION 5

During a project, earned value analysis is performed, resulting in the following numbers: EV: 523,000; PV: 623,000; AC: 643,000. Which results are correct?

CV: +120,000; SV: +100,000

CV: +100,000; SV: +120,000

CV: -100,000; SV: -120,000

CV: -120,000; SV: -100,000

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QUESTION 6

A project manager spent some days to create a multi-page document, which he called project charter. The document should have been issued by the project sponsor. The sponsor found the document outsized and asked for a condensed document. Which of the following is usually not an element of the project charter?

The authority level of the project manager

Detailed control account and work package descriptions

The business need that the project was undertaken to address

High-level risks

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QUESTION 7

A document called __ is created by decomposing the project scope into smaller, more manageable elements.

Scope Statement

Network Logic Diagram

Work Breakdown Structure

Requested Change

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QUESTION 8

Which of the following tools is used to create a risk management plan?

Risk planning meetings

Documentation reviews

Data precision rankings

Diagramming techniques

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QUESTION 9

In order to speed up a project, you made a decision to fast-track a phase currently performed with five team members, and another one which was planned to begin in four weeks time with another five team members. Which of the following activities should you do first?

Make sure that all exit criteria of the consecutive phase have been met to ensure the flow of communications in a team situation which is more complex by a factor of 2.

Make sure that all entry criteria of the previous phase have been met by planning and performing a phase gate meeting to assess technical aptness.

Make sure that all exit criteria of the previous phase have been met by planning and performing a phase gate meeting to assess technical performance.

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assess technical performance.

Restructure your team and delegate tasks in order to ensure the flow of communications in a team with the number of communication channels increased by a factor of 4.5.

QUESTION 10

A project manager has been asked to support an internal project request by developing a business case. What kind of information is the person expected to provide in the document?

The detailed information from a business standpoint to determine whether bidding for the customer project will be successful.

The detailed information from a project management standpoint to determine whether the project will be successful.

The detailed information from a technical standpoint to determine whether the project will be successful.

The necessary information from a business standpoint to determine whether the project is worth the investment.

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QUESTION 11

You found the following earned value analysis information for a project that was recently closed-out: SPI = 0.7, CPI = 1.0

The project has been cancelled while it was executed. At that time the project was behind schedule and on budget.

The project’s deliverables have all been finished. The project came in behind schedule but on budget.

The project’s deliverables have all been finished. The project came in ahead of schedule but on budget.

The project’s deliverables have all been finished. The project came in on schedule but over budget.

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QUESTION 12

Which should be included in a requirements management plan?

The document should trace requirements to project scope / WBS deliverables.

It should describe how requirements activities will be planned, tracked, and reported.

It should trace high-level requirements to more detailed requirements.

It should trace requirements to business needs, opportunities, goals, and objectives.

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QUESTION 13

In a traditionally drawn decision tree, a circle represents _.

a chance to which no expected monetary value can be assigned so that a likely pay-off can not be shown.

a decision to which no expected monetary value can be assigned so that a likely pay-off can not be shown.

a chance to which an expected monetary value may be assigned to calculate the most likely pay-off.

a decision to which an expected monetary value may be assigned to calculate the most likely pay-off.

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QUESTION 14

A project management team has subcontracted work to a service company. Which of the following tools is the best choice to assure that this company will be able to meet the quality requirements of the project?

Quality audit

Deliverable inspection

Fixed price contract

Service level agreement

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QUESTION 15

With your team you are using judgment from subject matter experts to identify and analyze project risks. There is a small number of experts available, but some of them have long been in a teacher-student or manager-assistant relationship. Which of the following techniques can ensure best that there is no dominating opinion during an expert review?

Peer review

SWOT analysis

Delphi technique

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Monetary value calculation

QUESTION 16

You are running a project for a customer based on a cost-reimbursable contract with the following terms:

Target costs: $ 1,000,000

Fixed fee: $ 100,000 Benefit/cost sharing: 80% / 20% Price ceiling: $ 1,200,000 Which is the PTA (= point of total assumption, break point) of the project?

$1,300,000

$1,500,000

$80,000

$1,125,000

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QUESTION 17

During execution of a project which is performed for a customer on a T&M (time and material) contract base, a new project manager is taking over the assignment. He discovers that two members assigned to the project have charged time without performing any work for the project customer. Upon further investigation, he determines that this occurred because there have been no other project assignments open for these employees. The customer is unaware of these facts. What should the project manager do?

Try to find some productive work for these staff members in the project and leave them on the team.

The best thing is to do nothing. The customer will not realize the problem anyway.

Try to find a responsible person for the over-assignment who can be made accountable.

Take the two people off the team immediately and arrange for the refund of the excess charges to the customer.

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QUESTION 18

Start dates in the following network logic diagram are defined as early morning, finish dates are evening.If tasks are scheduled to begin at early start date, what is true?

Activity B has a free float of 10 d.

Activity B has a total float of 10 d.

Activity A has a free float of 10 d.

Activity A has a total float of 10 d.

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QUESTION 19

Your project is executed with a globally spread virtual team. The project progress has been found to be too slow. Which measure is most likely to immediately speed up the project?

Technical training for all team members

Daily phone conferences and detailed reporting

A team meeting at a location convenient to all team members

Collocation of team members at a suitable place

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QUESTION 20

A project management team wants to procure some customized products which are available in identical grade and quality from many vendors What should be included in the procurement package to ensure that their offers will be comparable?

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many vendors. What should be included in the procurement package to ensure that their offers will be comparable?

A statement of work describing the needs of the project in sufficient detail to enable vendors to make suitable proposals

A statement of work specifying attributes and metrics of the requested deliverables in detail to allow vendors submission of bids

The approved project scope statement, the WBS which should be broken down to work package level and the WBS dictionary

The risk management plan and the reports from those risk management reviews which have been made so far

QUESTION 21

Which of the following becomes increasingly important in a virtual team environment?

Requirements engineering

Communication planning

Formal procurements closure

Network diagramming

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QUESTION 22

You are assigned as the project manager to a project which is executed for a customer under FP contract. Your customer informed you this morning that they insist on certain “refinements” of the project scope. You agree that the requested actions make really sense to the project, but believe that they constitute a major change increasing the project scope. What should you do next?

Accept the request of the customer. Diligently document the additional costs and working hours spent by yourself and the team on the implementation of the change and invoice these to the customer at appropriate rates.

Perform earned value analysis to assess the current status of the project and get all the numbers you need to communicate the case to the change control board which then will have to make the best decision regarding the customer request.

Check the contract, the project charter, the scope statement and other documents related to the project and the contract. Implement ADR (alternative dispute resolution) procedures if the conflict cannot be resolved otherwise.

Talk to the project sales department and find a joint solution with them how to best reject the request considering the commercial and strategic value of the customer to the organization you are working for.

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QUESTION 23

A prime contractor in a customer project under CPFF contract has run into unexpected technical problems. Fixing them will require a lot of additional work to be done. The company made a decision to book more staff and equipment from their subcontractors in order to adhere to the agreed timeline. The customer agreed to this decision. What will most likely happen?

The contractor‘s indirect costs will increase and the customer‘s payment for them will increase, too.

The contractor‘s indirect costs will increase, but the customer‘s payment for them will not increase.

The contractor‘s indirect costs will not increase, but the customer‘s payment for them will.

Both the contractor’s indirect costs and the customer‘s payment for them will not increase.

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QUESTION 24

A project management team is evaluating the causes that might contribute to unsatisfactory performance and quality. Which of the following statements is not true?

Normal process variation is attributable to random causes and sometimes also called “white noise”.

Special causes are easier to predict and handle than random causes (also called common causes).

Special causes are unusual events which are difficult to foresee and often produce outliers.

A process can be optimized to limit the bandwidth of variations due to random causes.

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QUESTION 25

You are performing a project management audit in your company and find that most of the project plans are neither consistent nor up-to-date.Which of the following statements is not true?

Projects should never be executed without a valid, updated and working project management plan.

The consistency of the project management plan is secondary because it is only the results that matter.

A great deal of effort is required to develop and update a project plan, but the benefits include less pressure on all stakeholders and a resulting product that will satisfy the requirements.

Poor planning and insufficient updating of project management plans are common reasons for cost and time overruns

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Poor planning and insufficient updating of project management plans are common reasons for cost and time overruns.

QUESTION 26

You want to perform active risk acceptance. What should you do?

Create contingency reserves in resources, money and time.

Develop a plan to minimize impact in case that an identified risk occurs.

Develop a plan to minimize the probability of occurrence for identified risks.

Make additional resources available to speed up the project.

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QUESTION 27

A project manager made 3-point estimates on a critical path and found the following results:

Assuming ±3 sigma precision level for each estimate, what is the standard deviation of the allover path?

App. 4.2 days

App. 5.2 days

App. 6.2 days

You can not derive the path standard deviation from the information given.

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QUESTION 28

When do bidder conferences normally take place?

After the contract has been awarded to keep alternatives open.

After submission of bid or proposal, but before contract award.

Prior to the submission of a bid or proposal by the bidder.

After technical meetings with bidders to discuss contract requirements.

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QUESTION 29

What is defined by control limits?

A measuring instrument solely used to describe process capability. The process is found capable if the ±3 sigma range is exceeded by not more than 0.3% of a tested sample lot.

The limits of the six sigma area on either side of a control chart to plot measured values; data found outside the area are out of specification and can lead to rejection of an entire batch.

The area consisting of typically three standard deviations on either side of a mean value of a control chart to plot measured values found in statistical quality control

The area consisting of typically three standard deviations on either side of a mean value of a control chart to plot measured values found in quality assurance

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QUESTION 30

The scope baseline consists of what?

Scope statement, WBS, and WBS dictionary

Cost baseline, quality baseline and schedule baseline

Configuration management plan and configuration identification document

Procurement statement of work and project scope statement

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Activity 1 has a duration of 20 days, activity 2 of 10 days, activity 3 of 5 days and activity 4 of 6 days.

What is the minimum total duration between the milestones A and B?

36 days

37 days

39 days

42 days

QUESTION 32

Which tool and technique is used in the processes Create WBS and Define activities?

Nominal group technique

Human resource assignment

Brainstorming

Decomposition

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QUESTION 33

Which of the following statement(s) on whistleblowing is/are not true? a. It is a term used to define an employee’s decision to disclose information on unethical, immoral or illegal actions at work to an authority figure. b. An employee should always discuss the matter with people external to the company before following the “chain of command” and discuss it with the immediate superior. c. The consequences of whistleblowing are often extreme and might include being branded as an owner of bad judgment, layoff, civil action and imprisonment. d. Carefully performed whistleblowing can lead to the end of unethical business practices.

a

b

b, c

c, d

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QUESTION 34

Which of the following statements is not true?

Attribute sampling is the process of assessing whether results conform to specifications or not.

Prevention means keeping errors out of the process by applying actions before the process starts changing its input.

Variables sampling means that the result is classified into one of the 3 categories:”acceptable” – “acceptable after rework” – “rejected”.

Inspection is often mainly done to keep errors out of the hands of the customer instead of as a means of process control.

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QUESTION 35

Which statement describes best why you should document assumptions?

Assumptions might prove to be wrong. Knowing which assumptions were incorrect allows baseline adjustments in case of project crisis.

Assumption analysis is a valuable tool and technique to explore the validity of assumptions during risk identification.

Assumptions limit the project management team’s options for decision making because they can not be controlled by the team.

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In case of schedule or budget overruns, the documentation of assumptions supports a clear assignment of responsibility.

QUESTION 36

Which is normally not regarded as an element of cost of quality?

Prevention costs

Maintenance cost

Appraisal costs

Failure costs

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QUESTION 37

You have recently been assigned as a project manager to a new B-O-T (build, operate, transfer) capital project. Reviewing the initial documentation you found out that it has been calculated with a very small margin during operations of its product for the shareholders. What should you do?

As you are not responsible for lifecycle costing, you don’t have to worry about operation profits. Focus on project costs from initiation through handover.

Ensure maximum profits by buying the best and cheapest items, components and modules―potentially from a big number of different suppliers―and integrating them.

Create a realistic plan broken down to a sufficient level of detail. Perform all risk management processes. Ensure real-time communications with all stakeholders.

Try to get a second project manager assigned to share decision making and accountability to shareholders with the person.

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QUESTION 38

A project is handled by departments of an organization and expedited by a project coordinator. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true?

The performing organization is a weak matrix.

The performing organization is doing “management by projects”.

The performing organization is a strong matrix.

The performing organization is projectized.

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QUESTION 39

You are project manager in a global project with a team consisting of people from various countries. What can you try to prevent misunderstandings due to cross-cultural differences?

Use all communication methods available that are suitable for the team and follow up in writing when communicating verbally. Remember that cultural and individual diversity may help project teams solving unforeseen problems during the course of the project.

When you are about to form a team for your project, keep in mind that some cultures are developed, others are more primitive. Some have values, some not. You should consequently avoid choosing members from countries with cultures that are not similar to your own.

Cultural dilemmas can prevent any project from being successful. They should therefore be smoothed or suppressed so as to make sure that they cannot disrupt project work. Your effort should concentrate on communication that can help reach that goal.

As norms regarding communication habits differ significantly across various cultures, communicating between people from different countries should only be done using language. The nonverbal dimension simply bears too many risks.

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QUESTION 40

Which statement on conflicts is true?

Conflict resolution should focus on people, not issues.

Conflict is natural and forces a search for alternatives.

Conflict should always be handled in private and not in the team.

Too much openness is a common cause of conflict.

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QUESTION 41

A change request in a project has been rejected some weeks ago. Yesterday, the project manager found out that it nevertheless has been implemented by the team members, who knew of the change request, but not of the rejection. In order to avoid such a situation, rejected change requests should be consistently communicated to stakeholders through which process?

Report performance

Verify scope

Perform integrated change control

Monitor and control risks

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QUESTION 42

What is a trigger in project risk management?

An expected situation causing an unidentified risk to occur

A warning sign that a previously identified risk might be occurring or has occurred

An unexpected situation causing an identified risk to occur

An unexpected situation causing an unidentified risk to occur

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QUESTION 43

According to the project plan, a contractor is scheduled to deliver some software components today afternoon. A regular payment is due to be made to this contractor tomorrow.You and your project team received a note this morning informing you that the software delivery will be delayed by 2 weeks. What should you do right now?

You should delay the payment also for 2 weeks.

You must immediately find a different contractor.

You should conduct a meeting with the contractor to resolve the delivery issues before making the payment.

You should make the payment and reschedule the project plan.

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QUESTION 44

In a software company a large number of simultaneously performed projects utilize the same groups of human and other resources.

What is the term commonly used for this situation?

Concurrent engineering

Resource over-allocation

Resource pooling

Program management

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QUESTION 45

What does the acronym RACI commonly stand for in project management?

Responsible, Accountable, to be Consulted, to be Informed

Remote, Attached, Connected, Integrated

Risk Analysis and Caution Initiative

Randomly Accessible Cashflow Information

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QUESTION 46

You have used estimates made by your team members and applied the critical path method to compute a network logic diagram for your project. Then you found out that it cannot be sufficiently optimized for scarce resources and fast progress towards a given deadline. What should you do next?

Apply resource leveling heuristics to uncritical activities only.

Reduce estimates on duration and work efforts by an adequate percentage.

Apply Three-point estimation and critical chain project management.

Remove physical constraints and replace hard logic with soft logic.

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QUESTION 47

Liquidated damages (LDs) are contractually agreed payments in order to…

…give the contractor an incentive to meet an aggressive schedule or challenging quality objectives.

…penalize the contractor for late completion of a project or failure to meet specifications.

…cover the customer’s costs caused by late completion or failure to meet specifications by the contractor.

…make a bid or proposal binding for the offerer while the customer has time to select among various bidders.

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QUESTION 48

What should not be covered by a risk management plan?

Roles and responsibilities for handling project risks

Timing of project risk management activities

The methodological approach used for risk management

Individual risks and potential responses to them

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QUESTION 49

You are assigned as the project manager to a project which had a one-time cost variance in the past caused by unexpected rework which has meanwhile been finished. You perform earned value analysis and get the following results: EV: 250,000; PV: 200,000; AC 275,000 BAC is 500,000. What is right?

EAC = 550,000

EAC = 525,000

EAC = 500,000

EAC = 425,000

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QUESTION 50

An estimation has been made that the construction of a residential home will cost a certain amount per square foot of living area. This is an example of what type of estimating?

Analogous estimating

Bottom-up estimating

Top-down estimating

Parametric estimating

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QUESTION 51

What is true for prototypes?

Prototyping causes significant costs and should be avoided wherever possible.

They are tangible and allow for early feedback on requirements by stakeholders.

Prototypes are mostly developed toward the end of a design or build phase.

Prototypes increase the risk of misunderstandings between developers and users.

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QUESTION 52 1 points S ASa e Ans er

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QUESTION 52

What is a constructive change?

A change request that helps improving the project and its product, service or result and is discussed generally in a friendly style.

A direction by the buyer or an action taken by the seller that the other party considers an undocumented change to the contract.

A field change or ad-hoc change mandated by the project customer in a public construction project.

A change request which will lead to the re-construction of an older version of the project performance baseline by the contractor.

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QUESTION 53

Which of the following is generally not regarded to be a motivator according to Frederick Herzberg?

Working conditions and interpersonal relations

Responsibility for enlarged task

Interest in the task

Recognition for achievement

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QUESTION 54

What is true for modern project management? Project managers need…

… to have a strict standing in negotiating

… to show experience in tricking business partners

… to be team players and facilitators instead of “bosses”

… to be strongly linked to local traditions

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QUESTION 55

You are the project manager in an engineering project and have recently signed a contract with a software vendor for the development of a complicated control solution. The software will be used to control machinery equipment which your project team is currently developing. The contract is a lump-sum contract. The contractor has target cost estimated which seem rather low to you. Which of the following statements is not true for this situation?

It is the contractor’s risk in this type of contract that their profit may vanish if costs have been underestimated.

This form of contract should only be chosen when all the requirements for the building of the product are well-known by all parties involved.

In a fixed-price contract, change requests can cause issues regarding additional time and extra costs for the changes to be applied.

It is likely that your organization may have to assume any unexpected additional costs for the software development.

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QUESTION 56

A review to determine whether of project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures is commonly called

Quality auditing

Inspection

Quality testing

Reject screening

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QUESTION 57

Which of the following is true regarding the code of accounts?

It allows one to easily identify the breakdown level of the item in the resource structure.

It describes the coding structure used by the performing organization to report financial information in its general ledger.

It is the collection of unique identifiers generally assigned to WBS items.

It defines ethical behavior in the project and the responsibilities to the customer and the profession.

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4/4/2019 Take Test: W8 “Final Exam” – PRJ695 Project Management …

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QUESTION 58

You are the manager of your company’s project management office. The company is running many concurrent projects; most of them share a resource pool of technical staff. Understanding how resources are utilized across projects has been found essential to overall project performance, including cost effectiveness and profitability. This morning you received a message that the resource pool members will be unable to perform as planned for the next months because the overall work load has grown too high and while delays are adding up, the morale of the staff is going down. What should you do next?

Ensure that quantitative information for all projects is made available in a uniform and reliable fashion and verify that the project management methodology is adhered to. Then consolidate the information to get an understanding of the problems related with the use of shared resources.

Implement an enterprise project management software solution which is able to level the human resources across the various projects and which has the capability to model resource assignment on a percentage level thus optimizing resource utilization for the overall organization.

Do nothing related to the described problem unless you are explicitly requested by the organizations upper management. Supporting decision making on the level on which project portfolio management is done, is not the project management office’s business.

Evaluate project management software which supports planning and scheduling across enterprise-wide project portfolios. Avoid managing the availability of shared enterprise resources for the projects run by an organization because this is not the business of a project management office.

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QUESTION 59

You have been criticized that certain specifications in your scope statement do not pass the test for SMART objectives. What are SMART objectives?

Objectives specified in far more detail than necessary for a execution of a successful project.

Easily achievable objectives which help you reducing the pressure on yourself and the team.

Objectives that should be achieved in order to attain formal recognition by both the customer and the project sponsor.

Objectives that are described using specific, measurable, assignable, realistic and time-related specifications.

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QUESTION 60

You have been assigned as a project manager to a software project. While you and your team are working on a WBS (work breakdown structure), estimations for activity durations based on the activity list vary significantly. Which additional documents may help you clarify this situation?

Milestone list and scope baseline.

Project schedule network diagrams and human resource plan.

Activity cost estimates and scope baseline.

Activity attributes and project scope statement.

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QUESTION 61

You are performing earned value technique on your project. After budget approval, an additional and unexpected cost item has been identified, which made the project more expensive some weeks ago. The item has meanwhile been paid by the project team, and it is expected that for the remaining duration of the project, costs will be as budgeted.In this case, which is the best formula to calculate EaC (Estimate at Completion)?

EaC = BaC – CV

EaC = BaC / CPI

EaC = AC + BtC / CV

You cannot compute the EaC.

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QUESTION 62

During a company event, you had the opportunity to talk to a colleague project manager. He told you that in his current project actual costs are 15% under cumulated costs budgeted for today. What do you think?

The information given to you by the colleague is not sufficient to assess project performance.

The project will probably be completed with total costs remaining under budget until the end.

A significant cost increase during the further course of the project will probably bring the costs back to baseline level.

Original cost forecasting and budgeting for the project must have been poor to allow this variance.

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g g g g p j p

QUESTION 63

What is the meaning of a concept called the “Journey to Abilene”?

Project managers should visit their customers far more often than what is usual in order to avoid misunderstandings and bad emotions.

International projects may have an increased need for traveling which can lead to additional costs and troubles with time zones.

Committee decisions can have the paradox outcome, that a jointly made or approved decision is not desired by any individual group member.

A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result. Repeating it would be similar to making the same journey twice.

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QUESTION 64

Which of the following statements describes best the relationship between project phases and the project life cycle?

The project life cycle includes the time when the project is performed and the expected product lifespan after that.

In project management, the sequence of project phases and phase gates is often referred to as project life cycle.

The project life cycle is regarded as a sequence of project activities while phases are defined to control overlapping activities.

The project life cycle describes how iterations of project management processes are used when a project schedule is developed.

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QUESTION 65

Which is an appropriate order in most project situations for the development of scope-related documents?

1. Project SOW (statement of work), 2. Project charter, 3. Project scope management plan, 4. Project scope statement, 5. WBS (work breakdown structure) and WBS dictionary.
2. Work breakdown structure, 2. Scope statement, 3. Project charter, 4. CSOW (contractual statement of work), 5. Contractual work breakdown structure
3. Feasibility study3. Contract, 4. CWBS (contractual work breakdown structure), 5. Scope of work descriptions, 6. PID (project initiation document).
4. BOM (Bill of materials), 2. CAP (control account plan), 3. Project charter4. Change management plan,5. Scope baseline.

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QUESTION 66

What is the S-curve in project management?

A graph that is generated if a normal curve is integrated.

A graph that is to be integrated to generate a normal curve.

A metaphoric description of the short term uncertainties that are present in every project.

The graph that describes the typical growth of earned value during the course of the project.

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QUESTION 67

An output of the process Estimate activity resources is a document called “activity resource requirements”. It identifies the types and quantities of resources…

…while the term resources is limited to equipment and materials.

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…required for each activity in a work package.

…while the term resources is limited to human resources.

…to be obtained solely from the performing organization.

QUESTION 68

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Prescribe Controlled Substances

CS/SB 614 authorizes an ARNP to prescribe, dispense, administer, or order any drug, which would include controlled substances.

ARNP disciplinary sanctions are added to the bill in s. 456.072, F.S., (Section 5) to mirror a physician’s sanctions for prescribing or dispensing a controlled substance other in the course of professional practice or failing to meet practice standards. Additional acts for which discipline may be taken against an ARNP relating to practicing with controlled substances that are added to the Nurse Practice Act (Section 10) include:

 Presigning blank prescription forms.

 Prescribing a Schedule II for office use.

 Prescribing, dispensing, or administering an amphetamine or sympathomimetic amine drug, except for specified conditions.

 Prescribing, dispensing, or administering certain hormones for muscle-building or athletic performance.

 Promoting or advertising a pharmacy on a prescription form unless the form also states that the prescription may be filled at the pharmacy of your choice.

 Prescribing, dispensing, or administering drugs, including controlled substances, other than in the course of his or her professional practice.

 Prescribing, dispensing, or administering a controlled substance to himself or herself.

 Prescribing, dispensing, or administering laetrile.

 Dispensing a controlled substance listed in Schedule II or Schedule III in violation of the requirements for dispensing practitioners in the Pharmacy Practice Act.

 Promoting or advertising controlled substances.

After reading the following news article http://c-hit.org/2015/04/06/high-prescribing-nurse-surrenders-drug-licenses/

Identify what issues may arise with prescriptive authority of controlled substances and how you may avoid these situations?

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Apply the outline and proposal make a final research essay for 5 pages

Running head: WOMEN ROLE IN THE WORKPLACE 1

WOMEN ROLE IN THE WORKPLACE 6

Women Role in the Workplace

Name of the Student

Instructor

Institution

Course

Date

Introduction

Feminism focus on advocating for the rights of women at all places. Gender discrimination in the workplace has been steered by social norms which view the role of a woman as inferior in the society. This has resulted to women working in similar organizations with men and the same job but receiving poor payments. Therefore, we will analyze and explain the role of modern woman in today’s business world and the challenges faced in enhancing their performance.

Research Methodology

To gain more information and data on this report, we will use secondary research. This will involve reviewing of literature of the available materials to gather more information about role of women in the business world and the challenges they face such as gender discrimination. This will include using books and articles that directly relate to the role of women in the business world. It will also be important to cite several cases that are before court or have been determined concerning the problem of workplace discrimination of women rights.

Literature Review

It is clear that a woman can perform well in the business world if given a chance and an opportunity to do so. According to Cobb, (2018), there has been a series of cyber threats facing organizations. Every year there seems to be a worse case than the other. Many organizations are struggling to have enough security strategists so as to deal with the problem. However, women are absent in this field irrespective of having skills that may be helpful in enhancing cyber security (Burrell & Nobles, 2018). As such, women have the potential to work just as the male counterparts and deliver results in enhancing cyber security in the business world.

According to Coleman (2016), there has been a notion that the firms managed by women perform worse than those that have majority of management as men. However, according to research, it is clear that there is no difference in performance that is as a result of gender related issues. Therefore, women can become managers in the corporate world and deliver as good results as their male counterparts can. The differences that occur are caused by the differences in motivations as well as the goals and attitudes (delMar Fuentes-Fuentes, Bojica& Ruiz-Arroyo, 2015). Therefore, instead of rating women owned firm as poor performers, it is important to establish the goals and objectives of the firm and the position it is in the life cycle.

The challenges women face in the workplace affect them mentally and even psychologically. This is the reason why their performance may differ from the male counterparts. The most harmful inequalities for women are found within the human resource practices. These include the policies that affect the decisions on hiring, training, pay and promotion (Stamarski& Son Hing, 2015). Inclusive workplaces motivate employees to perform better. This is because all genders are given an opportunity to enhance their performance (Shore, Cleveland & Sanchez, 2018). The issue of gender should therefore not be used to mean that there women cannot perform better than men.

Conclusion and significance

This research is important because it will help in understanding the role of women in the society. It will also help in understanding the role of feminism in overcoming workplace discrimination. However, there is a gap in literature on the workplace wellbeing for minority women and the impact of discrimination on their wellbeing. This means that it is important to identify the roles of minority women in the business set up as well as the problems they face due to workplace discrimination especially because they can face it from both genders.

References

Burrell, D. N., & Nobles, C. (2018). Recommendations to Develop and Hire More Highly Qualified Women and Minorities Cybersecurity Professionals. In International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (pp. 75-81). Academic Conferences International Limited.

Cobb, M. J. (2018). Plugging the skills gap: the vital role that women should play in cyber-security. Computer Fraud & Security, 2018(1), 5-8.

Coleman, S. (2016). Gender, entrepreneurship, and firm performance: recent research and considerations of context. In Handbook on well-being of working women (pp. 375-391).Springer, Dordrecht.

del Mar Fuentes-Fuentes, M., Bojica, A. M., & Ruiz-Arroyo, M. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge acquisition: effects on performance in the specific context of women-owned firms. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(3), 695-717.

Shore, L. M., Cleveland, J. N., & Sanchez, D. (2018). Inclusive workplaces: A review and model. Human Resource Management Review, 28(2), 176-189.

Stamarski, C. S., & Son Hing, L. S. (2015). Gender inequalities in the workplace: the effects of organizational structures, processes, practices, and decision makers’ sexism. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 1400.

Outline

I. Introduction

A. Topic and overview: The role of modern women in today’s business world and the challenges they face in enhancing performance.

B. Claim/Research Question: Women are faced with discrimination in the workplace and this affects their performance greatly.

II. Literature Review

First Main Point: Cyber Security has been on the rise because of lack of women

A. Sub-point:women are knowledgeable in the area of computer science and cyber security but are absent in this area

1. There are few women who can be seen in the area of cyber security irrespective of having the skills.
2. This has been taken as a job that is only suitable for men and hence women are discriminated against.

B. Sub-point II: Cyber security requires more workforces which cannot be presented by men alone.

1. The current rise in insecurity is as a result of poor staffing.

IV. Second Main Point: Women in entrepreneurial world can perform well.

A. Sub-point: They have skills for management

1. Women have been proved to produce better results in managerial positions
2. There is no connection between gender and the profitability of a firm.

B. Sub-point II: The measures of performance should be based on goals and objectives of the firm.

1. The performance of any firm depends on the objectives for which it was established.
2. Motivation in a workplace determines performance.

V. Conclusion Women play an important role in the workplace in both managerial and other positions

Discrimination results to lack of satisfaction in the work environment and may cause poor performance.

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Discuss how collaboration tools can improve team communication.

Information Systems Management 1

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:

1. Explain how information systems can be used to gain and sustain competitive advantage. 4.1 Discuss how collaboration IS can provide competitive advantages for a specific organization. 4.2 Explain why collaboration IS are important from the organization’s perspective.
2. Summarize the requirements for successful collaboration in information systems management.

7.1 Discuss how collaboration tools can improve team communication. 7.2 Identify the tools that will help create a successful collaboration IS.

Course/Unit Learning Outcomes

Learning Activity

4.1

Unit Lesson Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Unit II PowerPoint Presentation

4.2

Unit Lesson Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Unit II PowerPoint Presentation

7.1 Unit Lesson Chapter 2 Unit II PowerPoint Presentation

7.2 Unit Lesson Chapter 2 Unit II PowerPoint Presentation

Reading Assignment Chapter 2: Collaboration Information Systems Chapter 3: Strategy and Information Systems, Q3-1 – Q3-8

Unit Lesson Chapter 2 investigates ways that information systems (IS) can support collaboration. It defines collaboration and discusses collaborative activities and criteria for successful collaboration. It also discusses the kind of work that collaborative teams do, requirements for collaborative IS, and important collaborative tools for improving communicating content. The chapter ends with a discussion of collaboration in 2024. Collaboration and Cooperation Cooperation occurs when people work together toward a common goal. For example, in teamwork, each team member is given a task to complete such as a project component. Collaboration occurs when people, together or remotely, work together toward a common goal (Kroenke & Boyle, 2017). For example, a team member in California and a team member in Texas might meet using Skype to discuss ideas for a project. Figure 1 below illustrates collaboration in a team environment. In this illustration, the project manager is responsible for collaborating with team members who are in different departments. For example, the project manager may assign a project administrator who will document the various stages of project development,

UNIT II STUDY GUIDE

Collaboration Information Systems and Strategy and Information Systems

BBA 3551, Information Systems Management 2

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assign a person from software development to develop the software application, and assign a person from operations to set up a testing environment. Each of these team members would work with the project manager and with each other throughout the project; however, the project manager would be the main point of contact.

Feedback and iteration are involved so that the results of the collaborative effort are greater than could be produced by any of the individuals working alone. Let’s take a corporate strategic document as an example. This document is not created by one person but, rather, is created by various individuals in the organization. Each individual incorporates his or her statements into the document and then passes it along to the next person. When it is finished, someone will usually review the document and provide critical feedback. Based on this feedback, the document will be revised and inserted as a part of the final document. As each section of the final strategic document is completed, the final document will then be ready for submission to a corporate body for approval; these revisions are called a series of stages or iterations. Collaboration tools can be used to manage shared content such as shared content with no control, shared content with version management on Google Drive, and shared content with version control (Kroenke & Boyle, 2017). Some examples of collaboration tools are using Google Drive or Microsoft (MS)

SharePoint to share documents and other tasks and using Skype or Adobe Connect to meet and discuss ideas, progress, or other information. In short, a collaborative group works together to achieve a common goal via a process of feedback and iteration by communicating, sharing information and knowledge, combining skills and sharing time. There are 12 qualities, attitudes, and skills of a good collaborator as explained by Kroenke & Boyle (2017). After reviewing the Unit II Reading Assignment, think back to the Falcon Security scenario at the beginning of Chapter 2. We can see what happens to collaboration when communication breaks down. It is apparent that Felix was not in collaboration with his teammates. He had missed several meetings and did not read his e- mails regarding the team project. As a result, the team had trouble getting a prototype of the drone finished. Perhaps, if the team used better collaboration tools, they might have been more successful. For example, they could have developed procedures for collaboration such as requiring all team members to be present. If a team member could not be present, they could have used Skype or some other communication tool to meet and collaborate. Sometimes, team collaboration can fail for other reasons such as conflict. Most people think that avoiding conflict and having similar ideas and opinions makes a group better. While social ability is important, research indicates the importance of being able to have different ideas and opinions expressed. Team members must have the skills to accept critiques, criticism, and revisions of their work. In some student teams, the focus is strictly on fulfilling a requirement and not necessarily producing the highest quality of work possible through the collaborative efforts of the team members. Another problem that can affect team collaboration is ineffective team members. The characteristics of an ineffective team member will include lack of interest and commitment, unwillingness to give or take criticism, unwillingness to listen, and indifference. Students are typically not too tolerant of ineffective team members, but they are not always willing to boot them off the team, preferring instead to just work around them. Characteristics of collaborative success center on the output of the group being superior to the output that could have been created by an individual working alone, including such things as being more productive,

Figure 1: Collaboration in a team environment

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being more creative, and generating more and better ideas. When forming a collaborative group, it is useful to begin with a discussion of critical feedback guidelines. Refer to Figure 2-2 on page 42 of the textbook in uCertify, and review the guidelines and examples of constructive and unconstructive feedback. Collaboration IS A collaboration IS is composed of the five components of an IS, as noted by Kroenke and Boyle (2017). A collaboration IS exists for the purpose of sharing information, making decisions, solving problems, and managing projects. Referring back to the Falcon Security scenario at the beginning of the Chapter 2, notice that a collaboration IS could have provided the team with a better way to manage the project (e.g., discussing solutions to the prototype problem). It could have also helped to solve meeting attendance issues for Felix such as using Skype from home or other remote locations so that he could have attended project meetings. The team could have also used another collaboration tool such as MS SharePoint so that Felix could have downloaded project-related documentation if he had issues with his e-mail. Solving Problems There are several steps to take when solving problems, which are listed below.

 Define the problem: Problem definition varies due to differences in experience, education, training, personal goals, or job responsibilities. Groups need to develop a shared definition of the problem through research, discussion, and compromise.

 Identify alternative solutions: Identifying possible solutions may involve investigative research and brainstorming.

 Specify evaluation criteria: Determine the benchmark or standard measures to be used to evaluate the problem.

 Evaluate alternatives: Evaluating alternatives involves comparing test results to identify and eliminate infeasible, substandard, or unacceptable solutions and to identify feasible, superior, or acceptable solutions.

 Select an alternative: Selecting a solution may be based on majority vote, consensus, or compromise.

 Implement the solution: Implementing a selected solution includes monitoring and modifying as needed (Kroenke & Boyle, 2017).

Egocentric Versus Empathetic Thinking Egocentric thinking centers on the self. A person who is egocentric believes that his or her view is the only view available and is often not able to think outside the box (Figure 2). Empathetic thinking is the ability to see more than one view (i.e., the ability to understand the other person’s perspective). A person who is empathetic is able to consider multiple viewpoints and realize that people who hold a perspective different from his or her own viewpoints are not necessarily wrong (but he or she does not have to be wrong either). Using empathetic thinking is smart and results in better relationships because you do not need to change your way of thinking to match the other person’s thinking. Business is people working together in relationships. Better relationships equate to better business.

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Negotiators, for example, need to know what the other side wants, what is important to the other side, what issues can be negotiated, and what issues are nonnegotiable. Another example is a business meeting that appears to be going nowhere. Whenever we find ourselves in such a meeting, is the problem due to different perspectives? If so, one can sometimes find the root cause by engaging in empathetic thinking. Competitive Strategy Refer to Figure 3-1 on page 83 of the textbook in uCertify, which summarizes a planning process used by many organizations. We start with Porter’s five forces model to analyze industry structure, and then we use the model of four competitive strategies. Next, we evaluate the value chain and then the business processes; finally, we analyze how IS can provide competitive advantage. Competitive strategy determines value chain structure by primary activities in the value chain, support activities in the value chain, and value chain linkages. An IS provides competitive advantages via products and via business processes. Think back to the Falcon Security scenario presented in the textbook reading for this unit. What is Falcon Security’s competitive strategy? Falcon Security chose the differentiation strategy of using drones to provide security surveillance services to its customers. Falcon Security had the proper system processes to provide these services, but other questions remained; for instance, what should they do if they cannot obtain the security contracts they need, and if they do get security contracts, do they have the systems and processes in place to handle the increase in resources needed? Summary Effective collaboration is key to success. Suppose Falcon Security expands beyond its current location. How can collaboration provide them with a competitive advantage? Let’s assume that the parent location or headquarters has a research and development (R&D) department. The R&D team is searching for ideas for improving the current security drones. How can they do this? They can collaborate with other departments that may have suggestions based on customer surveys or other customer interactions. They could also hold a virtual collaboration conference with all of the Falcon Security branches and brainstorm new ideas for improving their security services. Consider another example; the R&D team developed a new drone model that can provide better and faster services than their competitors. How can Falcon Security share this news? The answer is through collaboration. These are just a few of the many ways to use collaboration for advancing and securing competitive strategies.

Figure 2: Characteristics of egocentric thinking

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Reference

Kroenke, D. M., & Boyle, R. J. (2017). Using MIS (10th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.

Suggested Reading In order to access the following resources, click the links below. The following two articles may be helpful to you as a resource when completing this unit’s assignment. A new artificial intelligence solution has been developed to help people who are visually impaired. This technology helps people to not only experience the world more fully but also to be more productive at work. This article further explores this technology and its creation. Accenture develops new AI-powered solution to help the visually impaired. (2017). Food and Beverage Close

• Up, Retrieved from https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://search-proquest- com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/docview/1926270443?accountid=33337

This article examines the effect of industry 4.0 on the industrial engineering field. The authors believe that there are educational implications that include learning infrastructure such as learning factories. You are encouraged to read this article to learn more. Sackey, S. M., Bester, A., & Adams, D. (2017). Industry 4.0 learning factory didactic design parameters for

industrial engineering education in South Africa. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 28(1), 114–124. Retrieved from https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direc t=true&db=aph&AN=123515821&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Learning Activities (Nongraded) Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in their course of study. You do not have to submit them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further guidance and information. To test your knowledge of the material covered in this unit, complete the activities listed below.

 Chapter 2 Active Review

 Chapter 2 Using Your Knowledge

 Chapter 2 Collaboration Exercise

 Chapter 2 Review Questions

 Chapter 2 Cards

 Chapter 3 Active Review

 Chapter 3 Using Your Knowledge

 Chapter 3 Collaboration Exercise

 Chapter 3 Review Questions

 Chapter 3 Cards The activities are located within the chapter readings in uCertify. The Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 Active Review sections, Using Your Knowledge sections, Collaboration Exercises, and Review Questions are located at the end of each chapter. The cards can be accessed by clicking on the Cards icon within uCertify, which is located to the right of the chapter title, and the icon in uCertify resembles the image shown below.

https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://search-proquest-com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/docview/1926270443?accountid=33337
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS&url=https://search-proquest-com.libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/docview/1926270443?accountid=33337
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=123515821&site=ehost-live&scope=site
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