What is the role of the ‘veil of ignorance’ in Rawls’s theory?

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1) Consider two general strategies for living life: selfishness or benevolence. In the first strategy, you act in whatever manner that benefits you taking no notice or heed of other’s interests in doing so. In the second strategy, you balance your interests with those of others in society sometimes acting in their interests rather than your own. The first question is, what is the best way to act and why? Observe, you must also take into account that others will be acting in the world as well and their actions will affect the overall gains or losses of your strategy as well. (NOTE: this scenario is a form of the prisoner’s dilemma and you can read more about this in multiple places on the interwebs). The next question is how does the scenario pictured above please Thomas Hobbes and how does his social contract theory help us to determine how best to proceed? Please be sure to explain Hobbes view in brief and how it would deal with the prisoner’s dilemma situation. Good luck!

2) The ethics of care posits that something other than duties and obligations to others often motivates and justifies our actions. With this in mind, how would a care ethicist perhaps respond differently than a utilitarian or a Kantian in the following scenario. A four year old child with HIV is dying deep in the countryside of Africa, far away from any urban population. The child is not the only one who is very sick in the camp and the resources used to help the child are three times as much as what are needed to keep others with life threatening ailments alive. Furthermore, the camp is about to run out of basic medical supplies for at least two weeks unless multiple patients are rationed supplies needed to keep them alive. Would a care ethicist continue providing treatment and supplies for the HIV child? How might the answer be different for a Kantian or utilitarian? Does your first answer change if the child is in fact your own child? What about a Kantian? A utilitarian? Why or why not?

Directions:Please provide detailed and elaborate responses to the following questions. Your responses should include examples from the reading assignments. Each response should be at least one half of one page in length and utilize APA format.

  1. What is the role of the ‘veil of ignorance’ in Rawls’s theory?
  2. Define constructivism.
  3. What is the ‘prisoner’s dilemma?’
  4. In what ways does Gauthier’s contract approach differ from that of Rawls? In what ways are they similar? Explain.
  5. Define care ethics.
  6. What is a “feminine” ethic?

PART I:

Directions: The following problems ask you to evaluate hypothetical situations and/or concepts related to the reading in this module. While there are no “correct answers” for these problems, you must demonstrate a strong understanding of the concepts and lessons from this module’s reading assignment. Please provide detailed and elaborate responses to the following problems. Your responses should include examples from the reading assignments and should utilize APA guidelines. Responses that fall short of the assigned minimum page length will not earn any points.

  1. Players in the popular World of Warcraft Internet game often form “guilds” or groups that join together in mutual defense and to attack other groups. One dedicated member of such a guild died (in real-life, not in the game), and the members of her guild decided to hold a memorial service for her within the game that she loved. They announced the planned memorial on a World of Warcraft open forum, and one of the members of her guild logged into her account and placed the deceased woman’s character at her favorite game site, a lake. Other game characters from her guild came by the game site to pay their respects and honor their deceased gaming friend. members of a rival guild, on learning of the planned memorial, organized a “bombing attack” on the memorial service, thus destroying many of their rivals and winning kill points. Those game players who had participated in the memorial service were outraged, and accused the rival guild of being underhanded and disrespectful. Was the attack on the memorial service unfair? Was it morally wrong? Was it a violation of the gaming social contract? Explain. Your response should be at least one half of one page in length.
  2. You are a physician specializing in the treatment of kidney disease. One of your patients, Alan Durkin, is your cousin. Alan is not one of your closest friends, but – in addition to now seeing him as your patient for the last three years – you see one another at weddings and funerals and other large family gatherings maybe two or three times a year. Alan is 45, and his kidney disease has become progressively worse. his kidneys have failed to the point that he requires dialysis twice weekly, and soon his need for dialysis will increase to every other day. He can continue with dialysis for some time, and his condition is not immediately life threatening – but a successful kidney transplant would greatly improve his quality of life. Alan is on the waiting list for a kidney transplant, but because his dialysis treatments are relatively successful in purifying his blood, he is not a high-priority transplant candidate. Given the acute shortage of organs available for transplant, you know Alan will not soon receive one of the precious kidneys. But as Alan’s physician, you could fudge the data just a little bit – no one would know, and by making his condition look somewhat worse, you could easily bump him higher on the list and greatly improve his chances of receiving a transplant within the next year or so. Of course if you do that, then someone who actually is in greater need for a kidney transplant will be passed over in favor of your cousin. Should you fudge the data or not? In attempting to answer that question, which ethical perspective – Kantian, feelings-based, utilitarian, virtue, social contract, or care – is most useful to you? Your response should be at least one page in length.
  3. Suppose that you are the last person on earth and you are playing darts in an otherwise deserted pub. While playing, you knowingly step over the toe line, thus performing an action that would have been considered cheating prior to this apocalypse. Have you performed an immoral action? Why or why not? Your response should be at least one half of one page in length.
  4. Imagine that you are in the situation described in problem three above, only this time you have found another group of survivors. Because you are the only one who has taken an ethics class, they decide to let you come up with a new set of laws. Would you outlaw stealing? How about jaywalking (assume that this group still has cars)? Explain. Your response should be at least one page in length.
  5. Come up with a list of ten rules that you would include in a social contract and why you feel they should be included. Your response should be at least one page in length.
  6. Provide a summary of Edwards’ (the author of the required supplemental reading assignment for this module) argument. Your response should be at least one half of one page in length.

PART II: Essay

In a 2-3 page essay, compare and contrast Rawls’ Social Contract Theory and Gauthier’s Social Contract Theory then make an argument for why you think one is better than the other. Your essay should take the following form: an introduction where you preview your essay’s content (i.e. “In this essay I will discuss…”) and state your thesis statement (i.e. “X is better than Y because…”), a paragraph summarizing Rawls’ Social Contract Theory, a paragraph summarizing Gauthier’s Social Contract Theory, a paragraph comparing and contrasting the two, at least two paragraphs where you argue why one is better, and a conclusion. Your summarization and critiques must be original and should include examples, analogies, etc.

 

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Identify the Big Five Hollywood studios (or “Majors”) of the 1930s and summarize their strategies for weathering the effects of the Great Depression.

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1. In a certain sense, cinema began as an optical “trick.” The initial appeal of the Zoetrope, for example, was that it made flat, static images appear to move. Film, therefore, has always owed a debt to the public’s fascination with special effects. As we move through the 1930s, King Kong, the Wizard of Oz, even Dracula, all rely on the appeal of making the impossible seem real. Nevertheless, there are drawbacks to special effects. Think about it; have you ever seen a film or part of a film that was heavy with miraculous special effects that you found “silly,” or actually bored you? Name that film, the special effects presented, and try to explain why it bored you. Why do special effects sometimes spoil a film?

Directions: Using word processing software to save and submit your work, please answer the following short answer questions.  All responses to questions should be one to two paragraphs, composed of five to seven sentences, in length.  Your responses should include examples from the reading assignments.

1.      Identify the Big Five Hollywood studios (or “Majors”) of the 1930s and summarize their strategies for weathering the effects of the Great Depression.

2.      What types of film content caused problems for the major Hollywood production companies during the late 1920s and early 1930s?  How did the Hays Office operate to protect, rather than hinder, the interests of the American film industry?  Explain how Production Code regulations helped modify the content of Hollywood movies.

3.      Pick two of the following stylistic categories: sound recording, camera movement, color, special effects, cinematography styles.  Analyze how innovations within these categories influenced the development of the Hollywood style.  In what ways did these innovations complement the aims of classical continuity filmmaking?

4.      Pick two of the following genres: the war film, the gangster film, the screwball comedy, the musical.  Describe the evolution of these genres between 1930 and 1945, and provide examples of representative films.

5.      Compare and contrast the production practices of the top three animation studios of the studio era: Disney, Fleischer, and Warner Bros.  What sorts of animation techniques did each specialize in?  How did their individual expertise influence the style and makeup of the studios’ signature characters?

6.      Describe the immediate causes and effects of both of Britain’s Quota Acts.  In each case, how did these effects contribute to or hinder the consolidation of the British studio system?  What kinds of films resulted from these acts?

7.      Compare and contrast popular cinema in Japan during the early and middle 1930s to Japanese cinema during the years of World War II.

 

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Performance-based Assessment

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submit a 200-300 word essay answering the Seminar questions listed.

Unit 7: Performance-based Assessment

The administration at your school likes data and supports the use of standardized test scores exclusively. Discuss how you would explain to an administrator why performance assessment may be an appropriate form of assessment with young children. Give specific examples and support your stance based on the developmental appropriateness of assessment strategies for young children.

 

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Identify the film; include a brief review of this movie, including a summary of the plot and discussion of the treatment of groups in the film

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Topic 1 (of 2)

Watch the 20-minute short film “ “Plastic Bag.” Click here to read a transcript.

Source: Futures Stes. Plastic Bag by Ramin Bahrani. Retrieved from http://futurestates.tv/episodes/plastic-bag

As you watch, evaluate how the film demonstrates elements from at least two other units in this course. For example, are there mythic elements? How are images used as art? What is the story and can you relate to it? Does the film offer a moral dilemma? How does music function in the film? How are happiness or freedom addressed?

In your response, address the “Plastic Bag” film, and connect the Unit 8 Janaro course text reading material. The reply should explain how the unit concepts are presented in the film and what we can learn from the analysis of film via other Humanities fields. Be specific with your examples of 2 Humanities topics and reading material connections; include APA formatting.

Topic 2 (of 2)

You have been hired as a film critic. Choose a movie you have seen that either reinforces stereotypes about groups of people, or works to break down those stereotypes. For example, what is the film’s portrayal of soldiers, nurses, minority groups, or members of certain religions? You do not need to discuss these groups, but use this as a list to get you thinking. Take a critical view and discuss what evidence is presented that leads us to conclusions about one group of people in the film. It may be helpful to refer to “A Word on Critical Viewing” at the end of this week’s reading.

Your response to the topic should include the following:

Identify the film; include a brief review of this movie, including a summary of the plot and discussion of the treatment of groups in the film

Provide an assessment of the overall message/intent of the film.

Incorporate a star rating for the film, ranging from 1 to 5 stars (with 1 meaning “Do not watch this film” and 5 meaning the film is “strongly recommended). In your response, provide the reader a clear understanding of your point, the connections to the presentation of stereotypes, and what you believe they communicate. Explain why you have rated this film with the star rating you selected.

In your post, provide a link for information about the film you have chosen such as the Internet Movie Database, where your classmates can read more about the film.

 

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How can you, as the early childhood professional in the home childcare center link assessment results to instruction?

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Alesia, I am intrigued by your indication that you will “reconstruct” the ASQ-3.  What does this reconstruction look like in your mind?  I ask because standardized tests are generally required (for accuracy and validity) to be administered in a particular way that is like every other administration of the assessment.  That is, the way we administer the assessment is standardized so that we avoid bias, introduction of intervening variables, etc.  By reconstruction of the test, will you change the way it is administered, the questions to be considered, and the conditions under which it is conducted; or did “reconstruct” just refer to re-administering the assessment?  How frequently can the assessment be re-administered and retain validity?

How can you, as the early childhood professional in the home childcare center link assessment results to instruction?  Please give specific examples and be sure that the examples are based on developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) and scientifically based practice.

 

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Why is it important for assessment results to inform practice?

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Using Assessment Results

Seminar, submit a 200-300 word essay answering the Seminar questions listed

One of the purposes of assessment is to promote children’s learning and development. Browse through The Head Start Child Development and Learning Framework: Promoting Positive Outcomes in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children 3–5 Years Old resource to learn how ongoing assessment results should inform practice.

Why is it important for assessment results to inform practice?

How does this framework help an early childhood professional use ongoing assessment results to design appropriate learning activities? Please give a specific example.

 

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Which genres appeal most to you? Are there some film genres that you have not seen? Why do some genres appeal while others do not?

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The chapter discusses a variety of genres in film. In Seminar, you will discuss these genres, as well as the purpose of film and its techniques.

Which genres appeal most to you? Are there some film genres that you have not seen? Why do some genres appeal while others do not?
What impact do special effects have on a film? Do you need a strong plot and characters, or can special effects be sufficient?
Should critical reviews of films matter when considering whether to watch a particular film? Support your perspective with examples, in your own words, from the reading material.

 

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Based on the Weberian and Marxian models of class structure, what is the class location of each of your ten closest friends or acquaintances?

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1.       1. Based on the Weberian and Marxian models of class structure, what is the class location of each of your ten closest friends or acquaintances? What is their location in relationship to yours? To one another’s? What does their location tell you about friendship and social class?

2.     2. Should employment be based on meritocracy, need, or affi rmative action policies?

3.    3. What might happen in the United States if the gap between rich and poor continues to widen?

 

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How would you compare the lives of poor people living in the low- income nations of the world with those in central cities and rural areas of the United States?

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Chapter 8

1. You have decided to study global wealth and poverty. How would you approach your study? What research methods would provide the best data for analysis? What might you find if you compared your research data with popular presentations— such as films and advertising— of everyday life in low- and middle- income countries?

2. How would you compare the lives of poor people living in the low- income nations of the world with those in central cities and rural areas of the United States? In what ways are their lives similar? In what ways are they different?

3.      Should U. S. foreign policy include provisions for reducing poverty in other nations of the world? Should U. S. domestic policy include provisions for reducing poverty in the United States? How are these issues similar? How are they different?

4. Using the theories discussed in this chapter, devise a plan to alleviate global poverty. Assume that you have the necessary wealth, political power, and other resources necessary to reduce the problem. Share your plan with others in your class, and create a consolidated plan that represents the best ideas and suggestions presented.

Chapter 9

1. Do you consider yourself defined more strongly by your race or by your ethnicity? How so?

2. Given that subordinate groups have some common experiences, why is there such deep conflict between some of these groups?

1.       3. What would need to happen in the United States, both individually and institutionally, for a positive form of ethnic pluralism to flourish in the twenty first century?

 

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