Case Scenario

Emily is an 18-month-old toddler developing typically. She attends a for-profit childcare center full-time. Emily’s parents are divorced and she lives half-time with each parent. She has two older brothers, ages 6 and 10. Emily’s father is a plumber and her mother is a cashier at a local grocery store. Emily has begun biting other children at the childcare center. You have just been assigned to act as the lead educator in her classroom. The assistant is concerned about Emily’s biting and so are some of the parents of the other children, as she has left bite marks on two children, though the skin was not broken. During your first day in the classroom, you observe the following:

Emily is playing alone with a doll. Janesta, who is 23 months old, walks over to Emily and takes the doll Emily was playing with. Emily then bites Janesta on the arm. You swiftly pick Emily up and tell her, “We don’t bite,” and hold her in your lap for a few minutes. Then she runs to play with blocks.

Later in the day, you witness Emily walk up to a boy in the class and bite him on the shoulder, without any apparent provocation. The assistant quickly picks Emily up and moves her to the reading area and reads her a book. Emily stays there for 10 minutes, quietly turning pages.

Part 1: ABC Analysis Chart

You will use the case scenario above to develop a hypothesis as to what is the likely function of the

A=Antecedent. What happened immediately before the behavior? Was there any event or activity that preceded the behavior?

B=Behavior. The behavior should be defined in observable, objective terms.

C=Consequence. What happened immediately following the behavior?

Function of behavior = this is your hypothesis. Using what you have learned about behavior, what is the most likely function? Is the child trying to get something, and if so, what? This could be tangibles such as access to a toy, a preferred activity or even attention. Is the child trying to escape from something, and if so, what? This could be escape from an unwanted task such as cleaning up toys.

Part 2: Behavior Change Chart

For Part 2, using your hypothesis and the information from your ABC chart, fill out the template in DocSharing and manipulate variables to determine if your hypothesis is correct in order to pick the best course of action to take with Emily. You can only manipulate one variable at a time in order to determine what would be most effective in modifying Emily’s behavior. First you will manipulate the antecedent. When you changed the antecedent (A), what do you predict will happen and why? If you do not get the desired behavior change (B), then you need to try manipulating another variable. In this case, you will then manipulate the consequence (C). What do you predict will happen with the behavior (B) and why?

Submit your completed project to the Unit 6: Project Dropbox. If you need help using the Dropbox, see the Dropbox Guide located in the Academic Tools tab.

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Unit 7: Music – Discussion

Ready for a virtual field trip? Follow this link to Austin City Limits: http://acltv.com/ 

Source: Austin City Limits. Retrieved from http://video.pbs.org/program/austin-city-limits/ 

Choose two artists that you have not heard before, then watch and listen to their featured songs.

Begin your post by providing the name of the two artists and the two songs to which you listened. Provide the links as well to both artist selections in your response; include APA formatting.

Next, one at a time, describe each selection, and answer the following questions for each.

1. What is the performance like? What style of music did the artists perform?

1. How do the musicians act?

1. Does the music impact you?

1. Does it resemble music you listen to regularly? Why or why not?

Unit 7: Music – Seminar

This week’s reading refers to many standard-bearers of music: the people and groups you readily associate with a particular genre. In Seminar, you will discuss some of the genres and their standard bearers.

1. In your own words, how can you best define folk, ragtime, jazz, rock, pop, and hip hop music? Have they influenced each other or do they seem distinct?

1. Who do you see as being the new standard bearers in different genres? Why do you believe they achieve this status?

1. What do the standard bearers communicate about the time, place, culture, influences, and circumstances that lead to these musical expressions?

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1. In what kind of industries does a localization strategy makes sense? Why? When does a global standardization strategy make most sense? Why?

2. What do you see as the main organizational problems that are likely to be associated with implementation of a transnational strategy? Explain. 

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Unit 7: Performance-based Assessment – Discussion

ASSIGNMENT

Please view the video, ” Building with Blocks.http://media.pearsoncmg.com/pcp/pls_0558982484/index.html?wf=1&item=5with four-year-old children.

Identify what form of authentic assessment would be appropriate for these children. Why? How is the natural learning environment an appropriate setting for authentic assessment?

Be sure to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the method you chose.

How would you record data? Is there another method you would also like to use, and why?

STUDENT 1

After reviewing the assignment video, “Building with Blocks” that had two four-year-old children who t were building together by using blocks.  I feel that it is vitally important to use a variety of forms of assessments when it comes to young children.  The form of authentic assessment that I think would be appropriate for the children in the video is using performance-based or authentic assessment.  According to Wortham (2012), “Performance-based assessment is considered particularly useful with young children because it measures progress as well as achievement. Children in the early childhood years are proceeding through rapid changes in development that are described as complex because of the interaction between maturation, experience, and learning (Hills, 1993). Performance assessments provide a vehicle for measuring developmental progress in addition to progress in learning new concepts. Performance assessments permit teachers to understand the processes children use to learn and how they actively construct meaning through analysis, synthesis, and evaluation (Brown, 1989; Harrington, Meisels, McMahon, Dichtelmiller, & Jablon, 1997; Meisels, 1993)” (Wortham, 2012, p.236).  The advantages of performance-based or authentic assessments are I feel it is most sensible, useful and credible for assessments for younger children or early childhood intervention.  However, the disadvantages of performance- based or authentic assessment is that  Wortham (2012) stated “like all other informal assessments, they are subjective; teacher bias and interpretation are part of the process. Teachers must be constantly alert to the need for objectivity when evaluating young children” (Wortham, 2012, p 236).  I can record data by using sticky notes, a note pad or videotape the child or children.  However, there is another method I would also like to use, is Portfolio Assessments and Extended Tasks.  According to Sweet (1989) “Extended tasks are assignments that require sustained attention in a single work area and are carried out over several hours or longer. Portfolios are selected collections of a variety of performance-based work. A portfolio might include a student’s “best pieces” and the student’s evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of several pieces” ( Sweet, 1989, p.1.).

                                                              Reference

Sweet, D. (1989). Performance Assessment. Retrieved on July 19, 2013 from http://www2.ed.gov/pubs/OR/ConsumerGuides/perfasse.html

Wortham, S. (2012). Assessment in Early Childhood Education, Vitalsource for Kaplan University.  Retrieved on July 19, 2013 from Kaplan/Digital Book

STUDENT 2

I believe the form of authentic assessment that would be appropriate with this group of four year old children is unstructured, structured, and diagnostic interviews. This is appropriate because this group of children is just beginning to develop literacy skills (Wortham, 2012). The natural learning environment is appropriate for authentic learning and assessment because children are taught and assessed on a task in a realistic context (Wortham, 2012). By operating in a natural environment we can understand how children can apply what they have learned (Wortham, 2012). The most significant advantage of using unstructured interviews is that they take place when the children are engaged in an activity or task (Wortham, 2012). The advantage of using diagnostic interviews is that its sole purpose is to determine what specific concept the child is having difficulty with, saving the teacher time, rather than teaching the whole subject over (Wortham, 2012). An advantage of using structured interviews is that they are planned (Wortham, 2012). In order to move on to the next lesson you need to determine if the child understands what the climax of the story is, by planning a specific story to read or have the child read, you can conduct the interview and acquire the specific understanding (Wortham, 2012). A disadvantage of interviews is that they can be time-consuming on the teacher’s part. Another disadvantage is that they can be biased. You could record data from these interviews by taking notes, or using a recorder (Wortham, 2012). Another method I could use is to teach the children about reporters, and journalists. Then have each child take turns being a reporter and interview each other using a recorder.

Wortham, S. (2012). Assessment in Early Childhood Education, Vitalsource for Kaplan University.  Retrieved on July 8, 2013 from Kaplan/Digital Book

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