How does memory change over the stages of childhood (infants/toddlers; preschoolers; middle childhood; adolescence)?

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Ch. 6 Cognitive Growth: Information Processing

Study Questions: (10 points) – Write responses to each of the following questions. Write the responses in your own words, do not copy and paste from your textbook, or another source. Cite a reference for the information provided for each question. Include a reference list.

Rubric

· Responses to questions are accurate. – 5 points

· Each question has a reference citation in APA format; reference list is included/accurate. – 2 points.

· Responses are written in student’s voice. – 3 points.

­­­­­­­­1. Describe the information processing model.

Description:

2. Define the following terms:

Encoding

Definition:

Storage

Definition:

Retrieval

Definition:

Automatization

Definition:

3. The information processing theory includes a three-system approach for taking in and remembering information.  What happens in each of those three systems (sensory store, short-term memory, long-term memory)?

4. Define the following terms:

Rehearsal

Definition:

Working memory

Definition:

Infantile amnesia

Definition:

Autobiographical memory

Definition:

Scripts

Definition:

Metamemory

Definition:

Critical thinking

Definition:

Information processing

Definition:

Transference

Definition:

5. Being able to pay attention is an important aspect of information processing.  Define the following:

Attention

Definition:

Control of Attention

Definition:

Planning

Definition:

6.  How does memory change over the stages of childhood (infants/toddlers; preschoolers; middle childhood; adolescence)?

7. When applying information processing to real world situations, we often relate it to classroom teaching, and how we teach young children to read.  Briefly describe:

Code-based approaches

Description:

Whole-language approaches

Description:

 

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What is the purpose of genetically engineering of crop plants? Include at least two specific examples of commonly grown GMO crops. How are GMOs created? Use the provided course materials and make a connection to the central dogma of molecular biology in your explanation. Which foods in your supermarket contain GMOs? Are foods that contain GMOs safe for human consumption? What types of regulations exist for these foods? Clearly explain your reasoning for each answer in your paper and conclude whether or not you agree with your friend. 

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1. Select one of the topics listed below (a-e).

2. Find at least three reliable information sources related to your chosen topic. You are encouraged to use the UMUC library in your search: http://libguides.umuc.edu/science.

3. Write a paper with title page, introduction, several paragraphs addressing the questions, conclusion and references. Remember academic integrity is of utmost importance…if you get information from a source, you MUST cite the source (even if you paraphrase)!!!  You must write in your own words and paraphrase information from the selected information sources, addressing each of the questions for your chosen topic. Your paper should consist of less than 10% direct quotes. Your paper should be 750-1500 words, excluding references and title page. Use APA style for references: https://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_tutorial.cfm

4. Submit your assignment to the Assignment folder by the due date listed in the course schedule.

a) Stem cells. Your friend has suffered a spinal cord injury after a bad car accident. The medical team has decided that he is a good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy. Your friend has not had a biology course since high school, so you decide to write him a letter sharing your knowledge of stem cells. Include in your letter a description of the biology of stem cells and how these cells are unique from other cells. Contrast the different types of stem cells, including pros and cons for each type. Explain how stems cells can be used to treat diseases and injury, with special focus on spinal cord injuries. Include information from at least one research study or clinical trial. Conclude with your own opinion.

b) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A friend tells you that she avoids foods containing GMOs because they are unhealthy. You decide to use the knowledge gained from your biology class and some additional research to form your own opinion on GMOs. Answer the following questions backed up by reliable information sources. What is the purpose of genetically engineering of crop plants? Include at least two specific examples of commonly grown GMO crops. How are GMOs created? Use the provided course materials and make a connection to the central dogma of molecular biology in your explanation. Which foods in your supermarket contain GMOs? Are foods that contain GMOs safe for human consumption? What types of regulations exist for these foods? Clearly explain your reasoning for each answer in your paper and conclude whether or not you agree with your friend.

c) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) has been the most recent breakthrough discovery in bioengineering that enables scientists to edit DNA. Because you have studied biology in this course, you have volunteered at your niece’s Middle School Science Club to monitor a student debate about CRISPR. The students will be watching the following video before the discussion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=252&v=2pp17E4E-O8 and you need to be prepared in case there are any questions. Please research and write an answer to each of the following questions: What is “CRISPR”? What role does Cas9 play in the CRISPR process? How does the CRISPR-Cas9 system snip and replace any DNA sequence? What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of gene editing? Include specific examples. Do you believe that the inherent risks of modifying animal DNA is worth the rewards? Explain. Do you believe that it is ethical to genetically engineer humans and/or animals? Explain.

d) Vaccines. Your friend is worried about the many vaccines that his newborn son is scheduled to receive and asks you for advice since you are taking a biology course. Start with an explanation of how vaccines work. Briefly contrast the traditional methods used to create vaccines with more recently used biotechnology techniques. Then list some of the diseases that babies and children in the US are routinely vaccinated against. How has vaccinations impacted the frequency of these diseases over the past 100 years? Why are some people worried about giving their children vaccines? Is there scientific evidence to support these concerns? Conclude with advice to your friend in regard to getting the recommended vaccines based on what you learned from reliable information sources.

e) Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) and tar sands (oil sands).  With society’s dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels, the oil & gas industry is turning to hydraulic fracturing and tar (oil) sands to extract natural gas and oil.  A friend asks you “What’s all this controversy in the news about fracking and tar sands?”  Briefly explain to your friend how hydraulic fracturing and tar (oil) sands are used to obtain these fossil fuels. Then, in more detail, describe the environmental problems that may result from these processes and why they are controversial. Issues that should be addressed involves water, air and soil pollution with special focus on global climate change, effects on human health, and effects on other species and natural ecosystems. Finally, give your opinions on possible solutions to these environmental problems, with your reasoning backed by information from reliable information sources.

 

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Assess the importance of evaluating newly developed health care  products in order to determine whether the products should carry  existing brand names or whether they should be assigned new brand names.  Suggest realistic branding strategies needed for marketers to evaluate  newly developed health care products or services. Provide support for  your rationale. 

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DISCUSSION 1
Please respond to the following: “Brand Stretch Spectrum and Market Product Grid”
• Assess the importance of evaluating newly developed health care  products in order to determine whether the products should carry  existing brand names or whether they should be assigned new brand names.  Suggest realistic branding strategies needed for marketers to evaluate  newly developed health care products or services. Provide support for  your rationale.
• Use the Internet to research the product offerings of a local health  care organization. (Note:These offerings are often found on the health  care organizations homepage.) Based on your knowledge of your local  region, consider the potential markets for these products. With the  grid, you should, at a minimum, analyze the resulting market-product  combination. Determine whether or not the product offerings that you  selected are consistent with the perceived selections of the given  health care entity. Explain your rationale.
DISCUSSION 2
Please respond to the following: “Lateral Marketing Strategy”
•Assess the value of target marketing as an effective health care  marketing strategy. Appraise the degree to which vertical and  traditional segmentation help marketing managers use target marketing  strategies. Support your rationale with at least two (2) specific  examples of target marketing within a health care organization with  which you are familiar.
•Evaluate the impact of lateral segmentation in encouraging marketing  managers to look broadly at markets in order to identify previously  overlooked opportunities. Provide at least one (1) specific example of  quality initiatives within a health care organization.
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Per the text, health care consumers vary in their willingness to adopt new product offerings, with some being quicker to adopt than others. Suggest the key reasons why you believe these variances exist. Provide a rationale with at least (1) example of a situation or scenario that would support your response.

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HSA 505 WEEK 6 DISCUSSION NEW

DISCUSSION 1

Please respond to the following: “Diffusion of Innovation”

• Per the text, health care consumers vary in their willingness to adopt new product offerings, with some being quicker to adopt than others. Suggest the key reasons why you believe these variances exist. Provide a rationale with at least (1) example of a situation or scenario that would support your response.

• Assess the importance of Everett Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Model as a tool for understanding the product adoption tendencies of health care consumer. Provide at least two (2) specific examples of Everett Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Model being used in a health care organization with which you are familiar.

DISCUSSION 2

Please respond to the following: “Customer Experience Management”

• Examine the potential mutual benefits that are afforded to health care organizations and their respective customer populations when health care organizations design and manage all-encompassing customer experiences. Provide an example of such potential mutual benefits to support your rationale.

• Appraise the value of the innovation guidance for the assembly and management of customer experiences provided by Bernd Schmitt’s CEM framework. Provide at least two (2) specific examples of CEM framework that apply within a health care organization with which you are familiar.

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Justify the fundamental reasons that marketers should closely monitor the actions of rivals in order to proactively address developing issues, events, and circumstances. Provide one (1) example of such successful close monitoring to support your rationale.

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HSA 505 WEEK 8 DISCUSSION NEW

DISCUSSION 1

Please respond to the following: “Competition Model”

• Justify the fundamental reasons that marketers should closely monitor the actions of rivals in order to proactively address developing issues, events, and circumstances. Provide one (1) example of such successful close monitoring to support your rationale.

• Evaluate the value afforded by Lehmann and Winer’s Level of Competition Model as an instrument for engendering the accurate identification and understanding of competition within the health care industry. Provide at least two (2) specific examples of Lehmann and Winer’s Level of Competition Model that apply within a health care organization with which you are familiar.

DISCUSSION 2

Please respond to the following: “Marketing Management Tools”

• Analyze the benefits afforded to health care marketers that understand the importance of establishing core values that guide health care organizations in their strategic and tactical pursuits. Determine whether you believe the relationship between core values should stay the same over time or should change over time. Provide one (1) example of such a relationship between core values to support your rationale.

• Appraise the value offered by Leonard Berry’s Success Sustainability Model as a management tool for communication drivers of excellence that will yield sustained success. Provide at least two (2) specific examples of Leonard Berry’s Success Sustainability Model that apply within a health care organization with which you are familiar.

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Justify the value of marketing plans as instruments that compel marketers to think about upcoming periods, perform routine marketing analyses and audits, and set marketing goals and objectives such as Return on Investment (ROI), etc. Provide one (1) example of the use of marketing plans in this fashion to support your rationale. 

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HSA 505 WEEK 10 DISCUSSION NEW

DISCUSSION 1

Please respond to the following: “Strategy Map”

• Per the text, the health care industry is known as one of the most complex operational environments, placing a premium on excellence in strategic planning and management. Determine the key reasons why health care marketing professionals should realize such complexity. Provide an example to support your rationale.

• Appraise the value offered by Ries and Trout’s Marketing Warfare Strategies in assisting in the understanding and implementation of competitor-oriented marketing strategies that can be employed to increase market share. Provide at least two (2) specific examples of the Ries and Trout’s Marketing Warfare Strategies Model that apply within a health care organization with which you are familiar.

DISCUSSION 2

Please respond to the following: “Marketing Plan”

• Justify the value of marketing plans as instruments that compel marketers to think about upcoming periods, perform routine marketing analyses and audits, and set marketing goals and objectives such as Return on Investment (ROI), etc. Provide one (1) example of the use of marketing plans in this fashion to support your rationale.

• Decide whether or not you believe Philip Kotler’s Marketing Plan Model provides a useful framework for developing an effective marketing plan. Provide at least two (2) specific examples of the Philip Kotler’s Marketing Plan Model that apply within a health care organization with which you are familiar.

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For which minerals/electrolytes did you meet or exceed the recommended daily intake level? What enabled you to meet dietary recommendations for these minerals/electrolytes?

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you completed a detailed food and fluid log for 2 days and analyzed your intake using the MyPlate application to assess how well you met dietary guidelines for macronutrients. This week, you will be using the same food and beverage logs to assess how well your fluid, electrolyte, and mineral intake meet dietary recommendations.

Analyze your nutrient intake using the MyFitnessPal Tracker (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Enter the information from the reports you generate into your Electrolyte/Mineral Tracking ChartPreview the document. Make sure to include this chart in your lab write up!

Reflection Questions: (Add your responses at the end of the Tracking Chart)

  1. For which minerals/electrolytes did you meet or exceed the recommended daily intake level?
  2. What enabled you to meet dietary recommendations for these minerals/electrolytes?
  3. For which minerals/electrolytes were you below the recommended daily intake level, if any?
  4. Why do you think you failed to meet RDI levels for these minerals/electrolytes?
  5. What specific changes can you make to your diet to increase your intake for each of the minerals/electrolytes that you were deficient in? (Make sure that you address each mineral or electrolyte individually, rather than providing a generic response.)
  6. How does your fluid intake compare to the recommended level for your gender and size?
  7. What beverages do you typically consume on a daily basis?
  8. What specific changes can you make to your beverage consumption patterns to improve your fluid balance and health?
  9. What did you learn from completing this lab?

Make sure you respond to all the questions THOROUGHLY. Include the results from your MyPlate analysis, as well as the table above in your write up. Include references for all sources used.

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    Module5Lab-ElectrolyteandMineralTrackingChartwithQuestions.docx
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    MyPlatePlan_2600cals_Age14plus.pdf
 

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Explain the need for developing strategic alternatives and why strategic alternatives are important for a successful organization. Use scholarly and peer-reviewed sources to support your explanation.

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In the Module Two journal, you discussed external forces that could impact an organization’s strategic plan. After reflecting on your Module Two journal assignment, discuss why developing alternative strategic plans is important in order to meet the policy changes in the healthcare environment. In your paper, address the following:

  1. Explain the need for developing strategic alternatives and why strategic alternatives are important for a successful organization. Use scholarly and peer-reviewed sources to support your explanation.
  2. Examine industry policy changes and the need to develop a flexible strategic plan, specifically, how the source of the policy (such as federally mandated changes, industry best practices, or state requirements) impacts the need to develop a flexible strategic plan. Use appropriate sources to support your claims.
  3. Make strategic alternative recommendationsfor the healthcare organization in your case study. Be sure these recommendations address the specific policy issue changes faced by the healthcare organization.
 

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Do a search online 1-2 antibiotics that affect Gram-positive bacteria and list them. On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? List one or two antibiotics that affect Gram-negative bacteria? On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? (Be sure to cite your sources in your answer.) (5 points)

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1. Do a search online 1-2 antibiotics that affect Gram-positive bacteria and list them. On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? List one or two antibiotics that affect Gram-negative bacteria? On what part of the cell do the antibiotics usually work? (Be sure to cite your sources in your answer.) (5 points)

2. Why do you think it is important to identify a bacterial disease in a patient before prescribing any antibiotic treatments? (Be specific.) (5 points)

3.   What are some of the limitations of simple staining? (5 points)

4.   Give an example of a situation in a lab or medical setting in which simple staining would be utilized. (5 points)

5.   So far in this lab, you have used one type of simple stain(Crystal violet) and one type of negative stain (Nigrosin), yet there are many other simple and negative dyes available. Pick one simple dye and one negative dye, and discuss how those dyes differ from the ones you used in this lab. Give a scenario in which their use would be appropriate. (5 points)

6. Using either a textbook or a reputable online resource, research some of the typical characteristics of bacteria, and discuss why it might be important for a researcher or a hospital technician to be able to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. (5 points)

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    Lab-4-StructureandMicroscopy.docx
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    Exp3_GramStain.pdf
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    Exp1_SimpleStain.pdf
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    Exp2_NegativeStain.pdf
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    Exp1_SimpleStain.pdf
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    Exp2_NegativeStain.pdf
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    Exp3_GramStain.pdf
 

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