Determine which organism your chosen organism would be most closely related to using a phylogenetic tree.
Identify an organism that lives within 50 miles of your home.
Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper about how the organism has adapted to survive in their specific environment. Include the following points in your paper:
*Briefly describe the environment (temperature, landscape, food sources, etc.) and describe the organism’s role in the environment. Determine which organism your chosen organism would be most closely related to using a phylogenetic tree.
*Identify the structures and functions of the main organs found in your selected organism.
*Explain how the organism has evolved physiologically to become suited to its environment.
*Explain how things would change if the organism were to be transplanted to a significantly different environment:
*Would their organ system still be as efficient? Why or why not?
*Would the organism survive in this new environment? Why or why not?
Include the diagram and other appropriate pictures in your paper and make sure to provide a full reference for the images in your reference section.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines including references and in-text citations. Your paper should include a well written introduction and conclusion. Use only academic research sources.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
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Identify an organism that lives within 50 miles of your home.
Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper about how the organism has adapted to survive in their specific environment. Include the following points in your paper:
*Briefly describe the environment (temperature, landscape, food sources, etc.) and describe the organism’s role in the environment. Determine which organism your chosen organism would be most closely related to using a phylogenetic tree.
*Identify the structures and functions of the main organs found in your selected organism.
*Explain how the organism has evolved physiologically to become suited to its environment.
*Explain how things would change if the organism were to be transplanted to a significantly different environment:
*Would their organ system still be as efficient? Why or why not?
*Would the organism survive in this new environment? Why or why not?
Include the diagram and other appropriate pictures in your paper and make sure to provide a full reference for the images in your reference section.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines including references and in-text citations. Your paper should include a well written introduction and conclusion. Use only academic research sources.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.
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Prepare a 2 page task that summarizes the use of the following new product development method
Management Assignment #2: PROMPT
DUE DATE: March 16th (23:30 EST)!!
Complete the problem attached below regarding Best’s Bicycle Problem ( SEE MS Word ATTACHMENT!!).
Write a 2 page paper that summarizes the use of the following new product development method (using memo or APA format – use MINIMUM 3 external references):
Stage-Gate Process – Review the Stage-Gate video (SEE VIDEO LINK BELOW!!!) and explanation of the process on pages 122-123 in the course text (SEE ATTACHED PHOTOS!!!) , then research AT LEAST 3 professional or peer-reviewed sources that provide an example of the development and commercialization of an innovative new product (example the Tesla auto in 2002).
Product and Service Process Matrixes
Research the Product and Service Matrixes on pages 144-152 (SEE ATTACHED PHOTOS!!!) , then research and develop a table that compares and contrasts the matrixes (AT LEAST 3 sources required other than the text). How are these matrixes similar and also different? Please open the attached videos and view them as you work on the Product and Service Process Matrix content (SEE VIDEO LINKS BELOW!!!!)
Note: Submit ALL assignments as a SINGLE MS-Word document.
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Complete the problem attached below regarding Best’s Bicycle Problem ( SEE MS Word ATTACHMENT!!).
Write a 2 page paper that summarizes the use of the following new product development method (using memo or APA format – use MINIMUM 3 external references):
Stage-Gate Process – Review the Stage-Gate video (SEE VIDEO LINK BELOW!!!) and explanation of the process on pages 122-123 in the course text (SEE ATTACHED PHOTOS!!!) , then research AT LEAST 3 professional or peer-reviewed sources that provide an example of the development and commercialization of an innovative new product (example the Tesla auto in 2002).
Product and Service Process Matrixes
Research the Product and Service Matrixes on pages 144-152 (SEE ATTACHED PHOTOS!!!) , then research and develop a table that compares and contrasts the matrixes (AT LEAST 3 sources required other than the text). How are these matrixes similar and also different? Please open the attached videos and view them as you work on the Product and Service Process Matrix content (SEE VIDEO LINKS BELOW!!!!)
Note: Submit ALL assignments as a SINGLE MS-Word document.
Born in Vienna in 1891, distant nephew of Sigmund Freud
His approach to public relations was to use symbols and the mass media to engineer consent
He claimed the public was essentially reactive
But the rise of the middle class meant that there was no longer the ruling class and the uneducated masses who followed dumbly . . .
What did he believe?
This emerging new social strata needed to be controlled and led.
He believed in a completely hierarchical view of society: the intelligent few have been charged with the responsibility of contemplating and influencing the tide of history and of dealing with the masses.
How did he deal with the masses?
Used sociology, psychology and economics and applied them to the messages and methods
He saw the PR expert as an applied social scientist educated to use an understanding of these three fields to influence and direct public attitudes (in a democratic society!)
How did he deal with the masses?
“The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in a democratic society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country.”
Edward Bernays
What is PR?
“Of course, you know, we don’t deal in images, we deal in reality.”
For Bernays, PR was about creating and projecting credible renditions of reality itself.
He called news any overt act which stands out of the routine.
A PR expert carries out an overt act to interrupt the routine to bring out a response.
PR is the science of creating circumstances which do not appear to be staged.
Edward Bernays
“The public relations counsel sometimes uses current stereotypes, sometimes combats them and sometimes created new ones. In using them, he very often brings to the public a stereotype they already know, to which he adds new ideas, this fortifies his own and gives a greater carrying power.”
Edward Bernays
He fully believed that to manipulate the public, one must know its public as well as know who influences that public
PR experts, as molders of public opinion, must be ongoing monitors of social attitudes.
Edward Bernays
Part of this influencing involved using the implied authority, i.e. the social power of certain groups or leaders
E.g. “Damaged Goods” – he promoted a play about syphillis by securing members of high society and doctors as advocates
To encourage people to eat more bacon, he launched a campaign in which a doctor promoted the benefits of a hearty breakfast
Lucky Strikes
In 1929, Bernays was hired by the tobacco company that made Lucky Strikes. Just 12% of sales were attributed to women and they wanted to increase the number of women smokers. So they focused on slimness, which was coming into fashion, to encourage smoking. “Reach for a Lucky instead of a sweet” was the tag line that promoted smoking as a calorie free way to satisfy hunger.
Lucky Strikes
Women were only permitted to smoke in the privacy of their own homes. Public opinion and certain legislation at the time did not permit women to smoke in public, and in 1922 a woman from New York City was arrested for lighting a cigarette on the street.
George Washington Hill, president of the American Tobacco Company and an eccentric businessman, recognized that an important part of his market was not being tapped into. Hill believed that cigarette sales would soar if he could entice more women to smoke in public.
Lucky Strikes
Bernays got photographers and artists to write letters praising the beauty of slimness.
He got hotels to add cigarettes to the dessert menu.
He got a doctor to say that smoking a cigarette disinfects the mouth and soothes the nerves.
He urged container makers to make canisters for cigarettes, like for sugar and flour.
He got the Siegfried Girls to announce they were turning to smoking to give up sweets.
He got a psychoanalysts to say cigarettes were Torches of Freedom and then linked smoking to the women’s movement. He got ten debutantes to march in the NYC Easter Parade and light up.
Lucky Strikes
Mrs. Taylor-Scott Hardin parades down New York’s Fifth Avenue with her husband while smoking “torches of freedom,” a gesture of protest for absolute equality with men.
Lucky Strikes
The result: at the end of a year, sales were up $32 million.
Lucky Strikes
But in all of his dealings, never did he reveal that he worked for a tobacco company. He would get opinion leaders and experts to speak on the issue.
One thing he used frequently was front groups. He would establish an organization to promote a certain ideal, then have the organization send letters and write releases.
Think Green
In 1934, market research showed that women disliked the green package of the Lucky Strikes box, so instead of changing the color, which would undo the millions spent on advertising the packaging, Bernays decided to change how we thought about green.
Think Green
He came up with the concept of a Green Ball, where all the dresses would be green. He identified a hostess, a woman who chaired a charity, and promised her proceeds would go to her charity. Then he began shaping the fashion and accessory markets, promoting green.
Think Green
He planned a Green Fashion Fall Luncheon, where all the food was green and an art historian have a talk on the color green in the works of great artists. He created the Color Fashion Bureau, a front group that advised home furnishing companies, interior decorators, dept. stores on how to tap into the new fashion trend and incorporate the new color in clothing into home furnishings.
Think Green
No one ever suspected that a tobacco company was trying to sell more cigarettes.
Think Green
He repeatedly proved he could reshape reality.
Oblique Approach
Examples of other campaigns include:
Getting a doctor to talk about the health benefits of a hearty breakfast in order to sell more bacon For a book publisher, he encouraged architects to design built in bookcases in homes and offices to encourage the sale of books. A soap carving contest for children encouraged them to use the discarded bits for bathing.
Case Study Analysis
What was the problem?
List any outside concepts/theories that can be applied.
Qualitative data
Quantitative data
What is your analysis?
What alternative measures, actions, approaches could have been used?
How would you have approached this problem?
World War II
Another example of a sweeping campaign to change how the public thinks occurred during WWII.
World War II
1940-1945 Employment shortages caused by the war forced the government to turn to an unlikely labor source, a group that during the Great Depression had been discouraged from taking jobs away from men – married women. Pulling out all the stops, the Office of War Information utilized every possible media outlet to change society’s perception of working women.
World War II
To control the content and imagery of war messages, the government created the U.S. Office of War Information (OWI) in June 1942.
World War II
Three key messages were developed:
Women’s presence in the workforce was temporary
Working was patriotic
Women still retained their femininity
World War II
These messages were found in
print and radio advertisements
news reels at the movies
movies themselves
magazine articles
short stories
posters
recruitment campaigns
registration drives
World War II
Publishers were asked to
devote a portion of ads to the theme of women war-workers
to develop articles and short fiction around similar themes.
A Magazine War Guide provided story ideas, plot samples and background information and overtly asked fiction writers to glamorize war jobs and break down prejudice against working women.
Feminine
Feminine
Feminine
Patriotic
Patriotic
Patriotic
Patriotic
Temporary
Eureka Advertisement: Beautiful young woman holds a baby with an expectant look on her face.
Ad salutes young women alone on this “great adventure” who are doing all they can on the home front. States that 70% of all Eureka employees, now working on war products, are women.
When war is over women can look forward to lighter more powerful vacuum cleaners to help them enjoy the peace time leisure they have so richly earned.
Women wait for victory to return to most important job of being home.
Temporary
Fiction was used to create role models for women:
Promoted confidence in female ability
Legitimized female authority, temporarily
E.g. The Saturday Evening Post
“Dangerous Ways” – woman manages a shipyard and deals with saboteurs when owner has an accident
“Heart on Her Sleeves” – daughter of plywood company owner takes over when dad is ill.
“Taxi! Taxi!” – Sister of a taxi fleet owner takes over when brother is drafted, hires brawny female drivers, defeats international spy ring while making business more efficient.
Results
1940 – just 27 percent of women were working
1945 – 37 percent were working
Results
1940 women made up 25 percent of all workers
1945 – 35 percent
Results
1940 – U.S. workforce is 56 million 1945 – 65 million Of the nine million new workers, 7 million were women.
Post World War II Campaign
By second half of 1944, with victory imminent, advertisers began looking to the OWI for direction on how to handle the transition to post-war messages.
Time for women to return to their proper place and a corresponding sweeping campaign was launched.
Focused on supporting disabled veterans
Jobs waiting for returning soldiers
Encouraged women to return to traditional fields
Reversal of Fortunes
During the war, there was a 71% approval rating for working women.
By 1945, 60 % of American no longer favored working women
New Messages
Returning soldiers needed jobs as part of their rehabilitation
Woman’s place is in the home
Working women contributes to rising juvenile delinquency rates
Manipulated or Not?
A 1951 Census Bureau poll of 4.2 million women asked war workers why they discontinued working after the war.
Half cited family responsibilities
5% said unsuitable jobs
5% said husband objected
Reality Check
Working AND taking care of the family was essentially two jobs – women were eager to focus on one
Living alone during war made many want to focus on building a close family unit post-war
Reality Check
Some women NEEDED to work, before, during and after the war.
They enjoyed the high wages paid during the war.
Financially stung as these jobs disappeared and they were forced back into traditional jobs with lower pay.
Case Study Analysis
What was the problem?
List any outside concepts/theories that can be applied.
Qualitative data
Quantitative data
What is your analysis?
What alternative measures, actions, approaches could have been used?
How would you have approached this problem?
Homework
Written Assignment: Select one Bernays campaign not discussed in class and provide an analysis using the HBS approach outlined in the previous slide.
· -Each student must choose one of the “In Practice” articles as a basis for a short research report. (In the book, which I can provide) (Briefly talk about the article and state the main point/argument.)
· -After reading the article, you must research and find another article about the same issues. (Events MUST within 3 years, no scholarly journals)
· -Based on the two articles, you have addressed the similarities and differences in the report.
· -Based on your secondary article, see if you can find the result of the case.
· -Make sure to discuss if the differences or similarities are aspects you agree with or not
· -This assignment will be 3 FULL pages and follow APA style/ format.
· -Cover page, citations, reference page, times new roman, double spaced (Cover Page & Reference page does not include)
· -Make sure you integrate the facts from the article to support their argument.
· -Make sure to reference your book. (I can provide story & E-book)
· -Your secondary article MUST be within the last 3 years.
· -Cite the Book and the Article (The paper including the similarity and the difference)
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-Each student must choose one of the “In Practice” articles as a basis for a short research report. (In the book, which I can provide) (Briefly talk about the article and state the main point/argument.)
· -After reading the article, you must research and find another article about the same issues. (Events MUST within 3 years, no scholarly journals)
· -Based on the two articles, you have addressed the similarities and differences in the report.
· -Based on your secondary article, see if you can find the result of the case.
-Make sure to discuss if the differences or similarities are aspects you agree with or not
· -This assignment will be 3 FULL pages and follow APA style/ format.
-Cover page, citations, reference page, times new roman, double spaced (Cover Page & Reference page does not include)
· -Make sure you integrate the facts from the article to support their argument.
· -Make sure to reference your book. (I can provide story & E-book)
· -Your secondary article MUST be within the last 3 years.
· -Cite the Book and the Article (The paper including the similarity and the difference)
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Compare and contrast past treatment of at least two different racial/ethnic groups.
Choose ONE of the following topics to reflect on and discuss. When responding to the question prompt, be sure to integrate what you have learned throughout the course in terms of psychological processes (stereotypes, automatic versus controlled processing, in-group and out-group bias), societal influences (e.g., status characteristics theory, implicit bias), organizational factors (e.g., procedures to increase accountability, conditions to enhance controlled processing) and group experiences (e.g., how gender or race might impact one’s work experiences).
Overt, intentional discrimination is less likely to occur in the U.S. today, than it has in the past. However, modern or aversive racism may be taking its place. Modern racism (also called aversive racism) has been used to describe those who possess negative beliefs and feelings about racial issues and minority groups, yet believe that they are not prejudiced. Draw on your knowledge of stereotypes, automatic versus controlled processing, and implicit bias. Discuss how these concepts support the notion of modern or aversive racism. How might one’s personal experiences influence perceptions of racism? How is the transition to modern racism likely to affect majority group members’ work places experiences? How is the transition to modern racism likely to affect minority group members’ workplace experiences? Consider how this more subtle form of racism may be more difficult for organizations to manage than more overt racism. What would you recommend to organizations to reduce the affects of racism on employment decisions?
According to Peggy McIntosh (2004), racism involves both “individual acts of meanness” and “invisible systems conferring racial dominance”. How has the course helped you to become aware of these “invisible systems”? Provide examples from the lecture and/or book of systemic racism and/or sexism. Include examples from the media and/or your own experiences. Discuss why it may be difficult for those who are privileged to recognize that privilege. Do you think that meritocracy is a myth or do you believe that it exists in the United States? Do you think that the belief that the US is a meritocracy (i.e., that the system is fair and that people essentially get what they deserve) is likely to differ between majority and minority group members? Can it be both true and false of U.S. society? Has the course material affected how you view your own position in the United States? McIntosh, P. (2004) “White privilege and male privilege: A personal account of coming to see correspondences through Work in Women’s Studies (1988).” In J.F. Healey & E. O’Brien (Eds.), Race, Ethnicity, and Gender. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, pp. 294-301.
Consider what you have learned about the history of various groups in the United States. Compare and contrast past treatment of at least two different racial/ethnic groups. In addition, discuss the current status (i.e., education level, employment experiences, income) of these groups. Do you think that past treatment and circumstances (i.e., access and treatment discrimination; acceptance as U.S. citizens; education levels; reasons for immigrating to the U.S.) still affect group members today? Why or why not? (Be sure to present evidence to support your assertion.) How is one’s position on the lingering effects of past discrimination likely to affect views regarding the importance (or lack of importance) of affirmative action programs?
INSTRUCTIONS:
Do not plagiarize. Remember you must cite all ideas that do not originate from you and you must put these ideas into your own words.
Include a reference page and cite others work and ideas in the text using APA referencing style.
Don’t just summarize the readings or lectures. Although you must refer to the readings or lectures; a major portion of the paper should include your thoughts regarding the course material (e.g., consider and discuss whether you agree or disagree with what was presented; whether the course made you question or think about your assumptions and stereotypes). When possible include your own insights, observations, and experience as you reflect on the topic that you chose to discuss.
Double space your paper.
Complete your paper by the deadline. I subtract 5 points for each day a paper is late. The reflection papers are worth 40 points, so if you turn in the paper several days late, it will result in the loss of a large proportion of points.
Most papers will be about 3-5 pages long. However, please do not ramble and repeat yourself for the sake of
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