Group/Organizational Analysis – Response Paper Two

Group/Organizational Analysis – Response Paper Two

Essay Assignment: Write a four to five -page essay critically examining the communication that you experienced in either a group or organizational setting. Analyze the experience through several conceptual or theoretical perspectives. Think about the different jobs that you have had as well as your bosses! Think about group projects at the university or a particular work group that you have been a part of. Apply terminology, concepts or theories explored in the readings or lecture material in examining why the communication was either effective or ineffective.

Offer insight into what could have perhaps either prevented the problem from occurring, or how the experiences have positively influenced your own communication behavior

Format: (The format is similar to the relational analysis.)

Introduction

Describe the context (group or organization) in which the communication problem was experienced – and your role in that setting.

Provide a description of the effective or ineffective communication that you have experienced in either a group or organizational setting.

Preview a minimum of three small group or organizational concepts/theories that you will be using in analyzing the problem.

Body

Divide the body of the essay into a minimum of three conceptual areas.

Begin each section with the concept/theory you have selected for explanatory purposes – defining or describing the most relevant dimension of the concept as far as your analysis is concerned.

Provide examples of the kind of communication that you experienced and how the communication concepts you have studied help you understand either the effective or ineffective consequences of the examples you provide.

Conclusion

Summarize how the concepts/theories you have chosen have selected explain the group or organizational experience that you have chosen and what needs to be changed for the group or organizational unit to function more effectively. Or, review why the communication was particularly effective in the areas that you have chosen.

Wrap up with an assessment of where the group or organizational unit is now, and where it needs to be in order to be more effective. Keep in mind if you are analyzing a very positive communication experience – there is always room for a. little improvement!

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Biological And Classical Theories

Biological And Classical Theories

I need some assistance with a writing assignment based on biological and classical theories of crime

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Excel And Executive Summary

Excel And Executive Summary

analysis the case give me one page executive summary and fill out the excel sheet

Exhibit 1
BLAINE KITCHENWARE Draft Historical Income Statement
Project: BLAINE KITCHENWARE
Analysis: Historical Income Statement
Draft: Y
Footer: Harvard Business School Publishing
BLAINE KITCHENWARE Historical Income Statement
Case Exhibit 1
Operating Results: 2004 2005 2006
Revenue 291,940 307,964 342,251
Less: Cost of Goods Sold 204,265 220,234 249,794
Gross Profit 87,676 87,731 92,458
Less: Selling, General & Administrative 25,293 27,049 28,512
Operating Income 62,383 60,682 63,946
Plus: Depreciation & Amortization 6,987 8,213 9,914
EBITDA 69,370 68,895 73,860
EBIT 62,383 60,682 63,946
Plus: Other Income (expense) 15,719 16,057 13,506
Earnings Before Tax 78,101 76,738 77,451
Less: Taxes 24,989 24,303 23,821
Net Income 53,112 52,435 53,630
Dividends 18,589 22,871 28,345
Margins:
Revenue Growth 3.2% 5.5% 11.1%
Gross Margin 30.0% 28.5% 27.0%
EBIT Margin 21.4% 19.7% 18.7%
EBITDA Margin 23.8% 22.4% 21.6%
Effective Tax Rate (1) 32.0% 31.7% 30.8%
Net Income Margin 18.2% 17.0% 15.7%
Dividend payout ratio 35.0% 43.6% 52.9%
(1) Blaine’s future tax rate is assumed to revert to the statutory rate of 40%.
Tax Rate
Harvard Business School Publishing
Exhibit 2
BLAINE KITCHENWARE Historical Balance Sheet
Project: BLAINE KITCHENWARE
Analysis: Historical Balance Sheet
Draft: Y
Footer: Harvard Business School Publishing
Harvard Business School Publishing
BLAINE KITCHENWARE Draft Historical Balance Sheet
Case Exhibit 2
Assets: 2004 2005 2006
Cash & Cash Equivalents 67,391 70,853 66,557
Marketable Securities 218,403 196,763 164,309
Accounts Receivable 40,709 43,235 48,780
Inventory 47,262 49,728 54,874
Other Current Assets 2,586 3,871 5,157
Total Current Assets 376,351 364,449 339,678
Property, Plant & Equipment 99,402 138,546 174,321
Goodwill 8,134 20,439 38,281
Other Assets 13,331 27,394 39,973
Total Assets 497,217 550,829 592,253
Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity:
Accounts Payable 26,106 28,589 31,936
Accrued Liabilities 22,605 24,921 27,761
Taxes Payable 14,225 17,196 16,884
Total Current Liabilities 62,935 70,705 76,581
Other liabilities 1,794 3,151 4,814
Deferred Taxes 15,111 18,434 22,495
Total Liabilities 79,840 92,290 103,890
Shareholders’ Equity 417,377 458,538 488,363
Total Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity 497,217 550,829 592,253
Note: Many items in BKI’s historical balance sheets, e.g. Property, Plant & Equipment
have been affected by the firm’s acquisitions.
Harvard Business School Publishing
Exhibit 3
Exhibit 3
Home & Hearth Design AutoTech Appliances XQL Corp. Bunkerhill, Inc. EasyLiving Systems Blaine Kitchenware
Revenue $589,747 $18,080,000 $4,313,300 $3,671,100 $188,955 $342,251
EBIT 106,763 2,505,200 721,297 566,099 19,613 63,946
EBITDA 119,190 3,055,200 796,497 610,399 23,356 73,860
Net income $53,698 $1,416,012 $412,307 $335,073 $13,173 $53,630
Cash & securities $21,495 $536,099 $21,425 $153,680 $242,102 $230,866
Net working capital* 54,316 1,247,520 353,691 334,804 21,220 32,231
Net fixed assets 900,803 7,463,564 3,322,837 815,304 68,788 174,321
Total assets $976,613 $9,247,183 $3,697,952 $1,303,788 $332,110 $592,253
Net debt (1) $350,798 $4,437,314 $950,802 $238,056 ($64,800) ($230,866)
Total debt 372,293 4,973,413 972,227 391,736 177,302 – 0
Book equity $475,377 $3,283,000 $2,109,400 $804,400 $94,919 $488,363
Market capitalization 776,427 13,978,375 5,290,145 3,962,780 418,749 959,596
Enterprise value (MVIC) $1,127,226 $18,415,689 $6,240,947 $4,200,836 $353,949 $728,730
Equity beta 1.03 1.24 0.96 0.92 0.67 0.56
LTM Trading Multiples
MVIC/Revenue 1.91x 1.02x 1.45x 1.14x 1.87x 2.13x
MVIC/EBIT 10.56x 7.35x 8.65x 7.42x 18.05x 11.40x
MVIC/EBITDA 9.46x 6.03x 7.84x 6.88x 15.15x 9.87x
Market/Book equity 1.63x 4.26x 2.51x 4.93x 4.41x 1.96x
PE 14.46x 9.87x 12.83x 11.83x 31.79x 17.89x
Net Debt/Equity 45.18% 31.74% 17.97% 6.01% -15.47% -24.06%
Net Debt/Enterprise Value 31.12% 24.10% 15.23% 5.67% -18.31% -31.68%

  • Net working capital excludes cash and securities
    (1) Net debt is total long term and short term debt less excess cash.
    Exhibit 4
    Exhibit 4 Contemporaneous Capital Market Data: April 21, 2007
    Yields on US Treasury Securities
    Maturity Yield
    30 days 4.55%
    60 days 4.73%
    90 days 4.91%
    1 year 4.90%
    5 years 4.91%
    10 years 5.02%
    20 years 5.26%
    30 years 5.10%
    Default (credit) spread Change in Default Spread
    Seasoned corporate bond yields
    Moody’s Aaa 5.88% 0.86%
    Aa 6.04% 1.02% 0.16%
    A 6.35% 1.33% 0.31%
    Baa 6.72% 1.70% 0.37%
    Ba 7.88% 2.86% 1.16%
    B 8.94% 3.92% 1.06%
    Investment banking guidance for Blaine 5-Year 10-Year
    S&P Rating Default (credit) spread Debt/ Equity (Book Value) EBIT/I Rate = UST + Default Spread Rate = UST + Default Spread
    AA- 1.10% 20-40% >15X
    A 1.33% 40-60% 10-15X
    BBB- 2.23% 60-80% 5-10X
    BB- 2.98% 80-120% 3-4X
    B+ 4.23% Over 120% <2X
    EBIT-EPS analysis
    EBIT-EPS Analysis: Blaine Kitchenware
    Year 2006
    Current shares
    Current EBIT
    Other (interest) income
    Tax rate
    Repurchased shares 0
    Repurchase price $ 18.50 At a premium to current price
    Repurchase cost= #shr x price
    Cash contribution
    New debt Decision variable
    Debt/equity New debt/(existing equity less repurchase)
    Interest rate A function of leverage: UST + DRP; iterative process Exhibit 4
    Interest
    EBIT/I
    Breakeven EBIT (before-tax) $ 74,142 Use Goal Seek on this cell to make the difference between EPS =0 by changing B19
    No debt EPS (using b19) = (EBIT + Other interest income)*(1-t)/shares outstanding
    With Debt EPS (using B19) =(EBIT- interest expense)*(1-t)/new shares outstanding (assume that interest income = 0 with cash used to fund share repurchase)
    Difference – 0 Use Goal Seek on this cell to make the difference between EPS =0 by changing B14
    Rating Agency Guidance
    S&P Rating Buyback Shares Default spread Borrowing rate
    Jonathan Scott: From Exhibit 4 based on maturity you select Debt/ Equity EBIT/I Breakeven EBIT Feasible?
    AA- 14,000 1.10% 20-40% >15X Yes if current EBIT is larger than the breakeven EBIT
    A 16,000 1.33% 40-60% 10-15X
    BBB- 18,000 2.23% 60-80% 5-10X
    BB- 20,000 2.98% 80-120% 3-5X
    B+ 22,000 4.23% Over 120% <3X
    WACC Worksheet
    Blaine Kitchenware Alternative #1 Alternative #2 Alternative #3
    Capital Structure Analysis Shares repurchased 14,000 18,000 20,000 Decision variable
    Price $ 18.50 $ 18.50 $ 18.50
    Total repurchase
    Cash contribution 209,000 209,000 209,000
    Net new debt Decision variable
    Current Balance Sheet (2006) Borrowing rate
    scottjon: Obtain from Exhibit 4 and EBIT-EPS analysis See iterative process Ex. 4
    Cash+Mkt Securities 230,866
    NWC 32,231
    scottjon: Receivables + Inventory + Other current assets – current liabilities Restated Balance Sheet
    NFA 174,321 Cash
    Other, net 50,945
    scottjon: Goodwill + Other assets – Deferred taxes – Other liabilities NWC 32,231
    Total 488,363 NFA 174,321
    Other, net 50,945
    Debt 0 Total
    Equity 488,363
    Total 488,363 Debt
    Equity (BV)
    Total
    Current income statement (2006)
    EBIT 63,946
  • Other income 13,506
    Jonathan Scott: Primarily interest earned on cash Restated Income Statement
    -Interest expense EBIT 63,946 63, 946 63, 946
    Earning before tax 77,451 + Other income 0 0 0
    Taxes 23,821 -Interest expense
    Net income 53,630 Earning before tax
    Taxes
    Shares outstanding 59052 Net income
    EPS $ 0.908
    ROE 11.0% Shares outstanding
    EBIT/Interest NA EPS
    ROE
    Share price $ 16.25 EBIT/interest
    Market cap 959,595
    Debt/equity (MV) Share price $ 16.25 $ 16.25 $ 16.25
    Market cap
    Beta 0.56 Debt/equity (MV)
    RUST 5.02% Debt/equity (BV)
    MRP 7.00% Beta (levered) Betalevered = Betaunlevered(1+ (1-t)D/E)
    Re 8.9400% RUST 5.02% 5.02% 5.02%
    Rd 0.00% MRP 7.00% 7.00% 7.00%
    wD 0.0% Re
    wE 100.0% Rd
    tax rate 31.0% wD
    WACC 8.94% wE
    Tax rate 31.0% 31.0% 31.0%
    WACC

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Network Management IT-340

Network Management IT-340

I have the answers for this Assignment

Just I need to change some sentence and words to become ZERO PLAGIARISM!

Thanks,

Regards,

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What are the immediate actions necessary during a disaster?

What are the immediate actions necessary during a disaster?

Answers must be 250 word min. to 500 word max.

Discussion Question # 6
1) What Disease or Illness are you predisposed or do you think will cause your death someday?

2) What Risks do you take or Risk factors are you concerned with?

3) With your knowledge of your Risks to disease or illness, How could you change?

Discussion Question #7
1) Do you drink tap water or bottled water? How much?

2) Do you know what’s in it?

3) Do you feel it’s safe to drink? Why?

4) When you flush the toilet do you know where the wastewater goes?

Discussion Question #8
1) Have you ever had foodborne illness? What do you think caused it?

2) Of the foodborne pathogens what is the most common and why?

3) What are the most contributing factors causing foodborne illness?

Discussion Question #9
1) Why is air pollution a health threat? How is it measured?

2) Why is global warming so controversial? What is causing it?

3) What is acid deposition? How is it damaging?

Discussion Question # 10 – That’s all
1) What disaster is the most likely to occur in your life?

2) Why is disaster planning important?

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1234

1234

This Assignment where you research markets outside the United States and discuss how to use the principles of Conscious Capitalism to determine appropriate expansion strategies explores the professional skills of;

Global awareness

Awareness of ethical issues and responsibilities

Make ethical decisions and solve problems

Work effectively in teams

Assignment Goal and Thought Process

Goal: As a Conscious Capitalism based business, how can we use these principles to help us determine which governments (France Brazil, and China, the countries under consideration expansion) would be the best match to ensure successful expansion into this country

Thought Process

Business decisions are based on a variety of data points including, sales, profit, cultural match. Your goal as a business leader is to make decisions that have the best chance of success so you will need to incorporate as much data as possible before making your decisions.

If you were going to be presenting to your management in a real world situation, and requesting funds to support your expansion plan, you will need all of this data to be seen as credible and win support for your plan.

The role of government and official policies have an important impact on the growth of their nation(s).

In your simulation, you will be creating plans to expand to any or all of these 3 areas, Paris, Sao Paulo, and Shanghai and need to have a foundation for making these choices to augment the traditional sales and profit goals. The 4 principles of Conscious Capitalism can be an additional data source for decision making

As governmental policies will play a large role in our success when expanding we need to know the following;

Can a government operate as a business?

How can we view governments through the lens of Conscious Capitalism to help us make our expansion recommendations? While the principles are usually applied to business, can we apply them to governments?

What is the culture of each country under consideration for expansion and how many principle(s) of Conscious Capitalism do they follow?

How does this information help us make expansion recommendations, if our goal is to expand to countries that have the strongest link to these principles?

Assignment Details and Rubric

In a 4-6 page APA formatted paper excluding text, diagrams, and other visual/oral aids as appropriate, address the following:

Section 1- The principles of Conscious Capitalism are usually applied to a business, but to help us make these choices, we will be applying them to the governments of the countries under consideration for growth but first need to answer these questions;

Can/should we view government as a business in order to eventually apply the principles of Conscious Capitalism?

What information does the research show on this topic? Present an in-depth analysis of the pro’s and con’s of this approach. You will need to use at least 3 scholarly sources to support your thoughts in addition to the readings for this week.

How would you use the principals of Conscious Capitalism to analyze the possible markets and their governments for expansion goals?

Section 2 -Research the markets that you can expand into from your home base in Chicago, Paris, Sao Paulo, and Shanghai

Create a profile for each of the expansion areas (Paris, Sao Paulo, and Shanghai). Include the following information.

Economic data, i.e., population, Gross National Product (GDP)

Cultural data; i.e., Hofstede Cultural Dimensions

Which of the 4 principles of Conscious Capitalism are demonstrated by the government of the country?

Section 3 – Recommendations for expansion. Using the results of this analysis and knowing the cultural profile your company leadership has already creating, make detailed recommendations for expansion progression. This should include;

Include in-depth description of your company, its products, and other relevant information to support the recommendations.

The logic that you are using to support your recommendations. This can include the projected sales and profit information, the links to Conscious Capitalism, any other factors which formed your recommendations.

As you work in this Assignment you can share your information in the team space so the team can use it in the decision-making process. Remember that differences in opinion are a great tool for discussion and increased effectiveness in decision making.

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Sex Offenders

Sex Offenders

  1. Conduct research and summarize a criminal case involving an internet predator. Be sure and address what type of sexual offender this case involved.
  2. What are some of the investigative challenges faced when attempting to capture internet predators?

make sure you answer both questions 350 words

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THERE IS A TOTAL OF SIX DISCUSSION RESPONSE. PLEASE RESPOND TO EACH WITH ONE TO TWO PARAGRAPHS.

THERE IS A TOTAL OF SIX DISCUSSION RESPONSE. PLEASE RESPOND TO EACH WITH ONE TO TWO PARAGRAPHS.

Cynthia Green

Week Two, Discussion 1

Top of Form

Week Two, Discussion 1

Question 1: Selective Attention:

According to Berger (2012) selective attention is being capable of focusing on some stimuli while ignoring and tuning out other stimuli. In children, selective attention improves around the age of seven. This development is important for the reason that in a classroom, children need to be about to listen to the teacher while ignoring other distractions. Furthermore, Berger (2012) points out that attention involves the brain function of alerting, orienting, and executive control.

Nutritional factors and environmental factors influence brain development. Rosales et al (2009) indicates “nutrition is an environmental factor as it represents access to resources from the environment (i.e. food and water)” (p.191). Brain growth and development in children require a higher need for nutrients such as choline, folic acid, iron, zinc and special fats (Rosales et al, 2009).

The effects of family stress can also have an influence on a child’s behavior and attention. When parents are under emotional, financial, or other forms of stress, it can alter their children’s patterns of genetic activity at least through adolescence and perhaps longer. Prolonged stress in young children can slow, or even stop, both brain development and physical growth. Prolonged exposure to cortisol released during the stress response can cause long-term damage to the developing brain, and can negatively affect the immune system.

References

Berger, K. S. (2012). The developing person through childhood and adolescence (9th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers.

Rosales, F. J., Reznick, J. S., & Zeisel, S. H. (2009). Understanding the role of nutrition in the brain and behavioral development of toddlers and preschool children: identifying and addressing methodological barriers. Nutritional Neuroscience, 12(5), 190–202. Retrieved from https://nuls.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=44035373&site=ehost-live

20 hours ago

Joseph Areyano

Week 2 Discussion 1

COLLAPSE

Top of Form

Selective attention is the ability to concentrate or focus on one particular object for a period of time. Selective attention can be controlled. Some say that meditation can help keep an individual focused when their mind starts to wander off by taking deep breaths and focusing on your breathing to bring yourself back into focus. Selective attention can also be enhanced through experience. The more experience you have the more knowledge we have to pick up on more valuable information. (Improving Selective Attention 2012)

Children sometimes focus on the least important tasks. Sometimes they are more focused on a game rather than the more important task. Although they are focused, they are focused on the less important task. Trying to pull a child away from whatever it is they have their focus on, can cause kids to throw tantrums, cry, scream etc. which now becomes disruptive to the class.

Studies have shown that when children have a balanced diet, they pay more attention in class and are more alert. A poor diet that consists of mainly sugar foods, causes kids to be more hyperactive and later more sluggish. Children are less likely to be disruptive in class with a more balanced diet.

Stress in the home can affect a child’s attention greatly. If coming from a single parent home, most likely the stresses are financial and the child could be neglected due to the fact that maybe the single parent works long hours to make ends meet. With financial stresses comes the lack of a balanced diet which affects a child’s attention in school.

My son once went through a phase where he would be stuck watching anything to do with dinosaurs. He could sit and zone in on shows or movies but when it came down to learning anything else, it was a struggle. We had to buy books and other learning material that had dinosaurs in it and it worked. He eventually grew out of it and did really well in school but for that span of time when he was 5/6 years old. It was a good thing and bad but what always impressed me was the amount of knowledge he had of these reptiles. He knew names of dinosaurs that I have never heard of.

Cherry, K., & Gans, S. (n.d.). How We Use Selective Attention to Filter Information and Focus. Retrieved fromhttps://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-selective-attention-2795022

Improving Selective Attention. (2012, May 16). Retrieved from https://healthymemory.wordpress.com/2012/05/16/improving-selective-attention/

Selective Attention

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2 hours ago

Minnie Farrish

Selective Attention

Top of Form

Selective attention is, “the ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others” (Berger, 2012, p. 333). In other words, selectively absorbing and reacting to certain stimulations while multiple are occurring at the same time. The article, “Theories of Selective Attention” uses the analogy of a bottleneck to explain the process of selective attention. The thicker end of the bottle neck is the exposure of numerous stimulations and as these stimulations travel though the bottleneck to the smaller end, where you would drink out of, stimulations are weeded out leaving only a few that a person focuses their attention on at that given time (McLeod, 2018). This process comes automatic to most individuals; these individuals often times choose what stimulations to pay attention to and at what time. They are able to control what their mind focuses on. On the other hand, selective attention is not automatic of other individuals. These individuals who struggle with the process automatic selective attention are unable to choose what they want to focus on and how they react to these stimulations. When the process of selective attention is not automatic, a medical diagnosis of ADD, ADHD, or autism may be present. Autism involves three brain function: “alerting, orienting and executive control” (Berger, 2012, p. 334)

        When selective attention is not automatic, and children struggle to control what stimulations they focus their attention on will sometimes result in a child feeling frustrated and ultimately acting out. Sometimes, these children know what they should be doing however are just unable to do it in the moment. As adults, we may become frustrated with this behavior which can make the situation ever worse because in the child’s mind he/she is doing his/her very best. I believe that at some point in time, all children and even adults struggle with selective attention. While working on homework with my daughter, there are multiple times that she chooses to focus her attention on something other than the homework she has in front of her. I will give her a few warnings of taking away whatever it is she is focusing on if she doesn’t focus on her homework and complete it. This ultimately results in me being frustrated which causes her to become frustrated and upset. She’s been at school all day doing school work and she does not understand why she has to continue doing school work when she gets home with all of the distractions of toys, her sister, dogs, and parents around her. When she gets in trouble for not focusing it causes her to become sad and sometimes causes her to shut down.

        Many individuals believe that vaccines can result in certain learning and behavioral disorders such as: ADD, ADHD and autism which can affect a child’s ability to have automatic selective attention. However, not all deficiencies in selective attention are because of medically diagnosed learning or behavioral disorders; regardless of the disorders cause. Unideal situations at home can also result in a child struggling with selective attention. Situations such as: divorce, death, moving, change in family dynamic, new siblings, physical and mental abuse, and many other factors can affect the process of selective attention in a child. Nutrition is also a key factor in the process of automatic selective attention. If a child is malnourished, he/she may struggle to focus on what he/she is supposed to, due to feeling overly hungry. On the other end of the spectrum, if a child is full of foods that is not giving him/her proper nutrients and too much sugar, the child may be so hyper that focusing, sitting still, and listening is not an option. These same situations and factors can also affect the process of selective attention in adults as well. From now on, when I notice my child or any child struggling to focus, I will begin by starting a conversation with the child asking what he/she is thinking about or feeling to insure the child is not struggling with one of these situations listed above.

Berger, K. S. (2012). Developing Person Through Childhood and Adolescence (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan Learning.

McLeod, S. (2018, October 24). Theories of Selective Attention. Retrieved March 12, 2019, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/attention-models.html

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1 day ago

Ilima Tavares

week 2 post 2

COLLAPSE

Top of Form

Body image for adolescences can be overwhelming at times. I remember feeling awkward and embarrassed in my ‘new’ and changing body.I would hide in baggy T-shirts and felt totally out of place with the kids my age around me at school because I matured faster than the girl my age. This is a part of puberty. Puberty is something we all go through. Berger states that,“ the forces of puberty are unleashed by a cascade of hormones that produce external growth and internal changes, including heightened emotions and sexual desires.” Puberty normally starts between the ages of 8 and 14. (Berger. 411).

        In adolescence, body image can be very distorted. Adolescents are experiencing all kids of changes both physically and emotionally. One reason body image can be distorted, according to Berger, is that few teenagers welcome every change in their bodies. This distortion can cause poor nutrition in adolescents and teenagers. Sometimes even eating disorders such as bulimia and anorexia will occur. Girls will diet because they want to be thinner, and boys want to become taller and stronger.

Another reason body image can be distorted is because of the media. Teenagers in every nation are bombarded by the media and how they ‘think’ they should look. Celebrities with their ‘perfect’ bodies are in front of our adolescents and it’s hard at times to feel happy with your own body. Young adolescents wish their bodies looked different, and teenagers tend to lie about their bodies, such as their weight and height (Berger. 421).

        Brain development plays a role in body distortion too. The textbook states, “young brains have both fast-growing synapses and sections that remain unconnected” (Ruder, 2008, p.8). The brain develops unevenly, and as a result, adolescents are fast and fearless. This can cause trouble, or may benefit society depending on the individual and their decisions.

Berger, K. S. (2012). The developing person through childhood and adolescence (9th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers.

Bottom of Form

Week Two, Discussion 2

COLLAPSE

Top of Form

Week Two, Discussion 2

Why is body image particularly likely to be distorted in adolescence?

Gutiérrez-Maldonado et al (2010) describes body image distortion as “the inability to perceive body size accurately” (p.522). Adolescents around the word wish their bodies had a different appearance (Berger, 2012). As a result of this type of thinking, many adolescents develop eating disorders. Gutiérrez-Maldonado et al (2010) researched what influences eating disorders in 193 students randomly selected. Their study indicated “evidence of a close relationship between social anxiety and eating disorders” (p.526). Furthermore, they found evidence in certain social situations such as walking past a group of attractive people on the beach, heightens levels of dissatisfaction. However, there are lower levels of dissatisfaction in everyday situations such as talking with a group of close friends. This can be explained using Erikson’s psychosocial Idea of Identity vs. Role Confusion. Adolescents are trying to figure out and establish who they are. Another social influence is media images. Teenagers and adolescents are exposed to these images of attractive people everyday.

In addition, Berger (2012) points out, “hormones of puberty awaken sexual interest, both sexes become less happy with their own bodies and more superficial in their evaluation of the other sex” (p.421). Age and puberty can influence adolescence perception of body image. Adolescence represents a pivotal stage in the development of positive or negative body image. Many influences exist during the teen years including transitions (eg, puberty) that affect one’s body shape, weight status, and appearance. Teenagers’ bodies are undergoing so many changes that it is easy to understand why they may be preoccupied with their appearance and their body image. Both boys and girls are experiencing growth spurts and sexual development. Berger (2012) also notes that the only aspect of pubertal timing of importance is when the adolescent’s peers reach puberty. One’s status with peers is directly affected by their body changes during this stage of development (p.418).

References

Berger, K. S. (2012). The developing person through childhood and adolescence (9th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers.

Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J., Ferrer-García, M., Caqueo-Urízar, A., & Moreno, E. (2010). Body Image in Eating Disorders: The Influence of Exposure to Virtual-Reality Environments. CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 13(5), 521–531.https://doi-org.nuls.idm.oclc.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0301

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10 minutes ago

Jennifer Trento

Week 2 Discussion 2: Body Image

COLLAPSE

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As kids enter into their teenage years, very few of them will accept the changes that are happening to their bodies making them less happy about their outer appearances and more judgmental of the appearance of others of the opposite sex. Body image dissatisfaction occurs from early adolescence and increased until age 15 or so (Berger, 2012). A worldwide longitudinal study in Korea found that for 10 year old girls and 15 year old boys, as body dissatisfaction increased, so did thoughts of suicide and depression.

Peer pressure in school can also be a cause of body distortion. They see other kids in school and compare themselves to each other focusing primarily on their insecurities. Berger states that teenagers, mostly girls, will eat erratically or ingest drugs (especially diet pills) to help them lose weight and boys will then turn to steroids to increase on muscle mass. which in turn will cause eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa due to unhealthy eating habits because they want to be thin. Eating disorders are rare at a young age, but tends to increase dramatically at puberty (Berger, 2012).

Because of social media, girls boys think that the ideal body type is tall and thin. Teenagers tend to lie about their bodies–adding 3 inches and subtracting 4 pounds on average , with the boys doing more adding and the girls more subtracting (Brener et al., 2003).

Berger, K. S. (2012). The developing person through childhood and adolescence (9th ed.).

New York, NY: Worth Publishers

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