Thinking as a Scientist

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Thinking as a Scientist

After considering the scientific method explained in the textbook, write an essay about how it compares to the way nonscientists approach problems. Identify some problems that are solvable scientifically and some that are not. Using one or two small problems, describe the process you would go through in solving that problem using the scientific method. Discuss the significance of the scientific approach to the development and advancement of human knowledge. Your essay should be about 300 words.

 

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Should food dyes be outlawed in the US? Why or why not?

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Studies on the effects of food additives, in particular artificial food dyes such as Red-40, Yellow-5, and Blue-2, have been conducted since the 1970’s. The results of these investigations show that some additives can cause cancer or influence other conditions (e.g., allergies, asthma) in animal models. Despite the evidence, these findings have been discounted in most major countries. Critics suggest that the history of food additives is cause for concern, and that some of these decisions are made in the interests of multi-billion dollar food industries. Proponents argue that testing of food additives is already sufficient.

Task: Investigate the effects of consumption of artificial food dyes on adults and children. When investigating any contentious issue, you always should read through each website’s “About Us” link to help you understand their mission and identify potential biases and agendas. With that said, a good place to start is the website for the Center for Science the Public Interest (opens window). Your goal is to answer the following questions (be sure to number each answer so it is clear which question you answering):

  1. Should food dyes be outlawed in the US? Why or why not?
  2. Will you try to avoid them in the future? If so, how will you do this?

Remember to include the resources you used in your research and thoroughly explain your opinion. Be sure to cite and reference your sources in APA format 

 

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Darwin’s Theory

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Darwin’s Theory

The minimum length for this assignment is 1,200 words. Be sure to check your Turnitin report for your post and to make corrections before the deadline of 11:59 pm Mountain Time of the due date to avoid lack of originality problems in your work.

Darwin was not the first to consider evolution as a process but he did come up with the first effective explanation for how it happens. Describe Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. Explain how this theory was a major advance over prior ideas as to how organisms changed over time. Give evidence in support of evolution and describe the driving forces for evolutionary change.

 

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the main nutrient differences in meats versus vegetables

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Write a one to two page summary of the following learning objectives:

  1. the main nutrient differences in meats versus vegetables
  2. the complexity of carbohydrates in vegetables
  3. vegetable biota in relation to soil biota
  4. the main characteristics of lactic acid bacteria and why they colonize vegetables
  5. the relationship of coliforms to vegetables
  6. the relationship of sporeformers to vegetables
  7. the spoilage of vegetables by its biota
  8. sporeformer vegetable pathogens and their relation to spices
  9. survival of E. coli and Salmonella in dry plant foods
  10. the main nutrient differences in meats versus fruits
  11. the significance of the pH level of 4.6 regarding fruits
  12. the potential hazard E. coli O157:H7 is for unpasteurized fruit juice
  13. the role watering plays in vegetable and fruit microbiology
 

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provide an example of chromogenic media and its use

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Write a two page summary including:

(a) provide an example of chromogenic media and its use,

(b) summarize the principles of ATP bioluminescence and sanitation monitoring,

(c) provide an example of an ELISA based toxin detection product and its use, and

(d) how PFGE is used to determine the extent of a national Salmonella outbreak (basically how does epidemiologists know that the Salmonella infection patient one has in Utah is the same or different than patient 2 in New Mexico?)

 

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Propose one hypothesis that researchers studying animal behavior could examine using the help of citizen science volunteers.

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1. Propose one hypothesis that researchers studying animal behavior could examine using the help of citizen science volunteers. (2 points) 

2. Describe the experimental design needed to test this hypothesis using citizen science. Be sure to include: (a) the role of the citizen science volunteers in the experiment (b) the type of data to be collected and (c) a direct connection back to how the experiment addresses the hypothesis  (3 points)

3. How does this experiment address a social, scientific, or technological issue facing society today? Please explain in full detail, including (a) identifying the issue and (b) elaborating on how this experiment addresses the issue. Examples of issues include: global climate change, species extinction/loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction, etc. (3 points)

4. Which of Tinbergen’s Levels of Analysis best applies to your hypothesis? Why? Could multiple levels be appropriate? Why or why not? (2 points)
Due date is tonight at 11:59, the website won’t let me choose today, so if you can do this for tonight let me know. 


 

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Propose one hypothesis that researchers studying animal behavior could examine using the help of citizen science volunteers.

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  1. Propose one hypothesis that researchers studying animal behavior could examine using the help of citizen science volunteers. (2 points)
  2.  Describe the experimental design needed to test this hypothesis using citizen science. Be sure to include: (a) the role of the citizen science volunteers in the experiment (b) the type of data to be collected and (c) a direct connection back to how the experiment addresses the hypothesis  (3 points)
  3. How does this experiment address a social, scientific, or technological issue facing society today? Please explain in full detail, including (a) identifying the issue and (b) elaborating on how this experiment addresses the issue. Examples of issues include: global climate change, species extinction/loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction, etc. (3 points)
  4. Which of Tinbergen’s Levels of Analysis best applies to your hypothesis? Why? Could multiple levels be appropriate? Why or why not? (2 points)
 

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In two or more paragraphs, describe at least two lines of evidence that illuminate the behavior/lifestyle of your dinosaur or dinosaur clade. If there are any controversies about identification, problems with preservation, etc… please include that information too

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This chapter should describe evidence for the lifestyle/ behavior of your dinosaur and/or dinosaurs in the same clade as your dinosaur. Evidence for lifestyle and behavior may be derived from skeletal remains, preserved soft parts, and trace fossils. Things to discuss in this chapter might include: offensive and/or defensive strategies, food gathering/processing, reproduction/child rearing, migration, social interactions, metabolism, movement (speed, style), etc…

1.In two or more paragraphs, describe at least two lines of evidence that illuminate the behavior/lifestyle of your dinosaur or dinosaur clade. If there are any controversies about identification, problems with preservation, etc… please include that information too. Cite at least two scientific references in these paragraphs.

2.Attach (either physically or by embedding electronically) at least two figures that illustrate your dinosaur’s behavior/lifestyle. Figures must have unique numbers, captions, reference citations, and must be cited somewhere in your text. These figures should be derived from scientific sources (not Wikipedia or DeviantArt)

 

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Genetics and Reproduction

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Genetics and Reproduction

Create at least a 350-word blog post in Microsoft® Word in response to the following question:

Female copperhead snakes have the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually. In your opinion, which method is best for the species in general and why? 

Develop your opinion and include the following in your post:

*Discuss asexual and sexual reproduction in terms of genetic diversity. How is meiosis related to genetic diversity? 

*Use one of Gregor Mendel’s ideas to support your opinion.

Cite your sources according to APA guidelines. See the Center for Writing Excellence for more information on using APA style.

2.

Genetics and Inheritance

Review information on genetic disorders on the National Human Genome Research Institute Site: http://www.genome.gov/.

Choose a genetic disorder that can be inherited from a parent. Write a 525- to 700-word paper on the genetic disorder. Include the following in your paper:

Summarize the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance and how chromosomal abnormalities can lead to genetic disorders.

*Describe the relationship between chromosomes and DNA.

*Identify an example of a genetic disorder and describe the genetic disorder including symptoms, impact on quality of life, and life expectancy. How common is this disorder? Does it run in specific ethnic bloodlines?

Format your paper according to APA guidelines. Review the Academic Writing Guidelines video and the Center for Writing Excellence for additional guidance on academic writing and APA style.

 

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