According to the BNF, and the latest NICE guidelines (2009), should we change Miss HH’s therapy? What is your suggestion?
8) According to the BNF, and the latest NICE guidelines (2009), should we change Miss HH’s therapy? What is your suggestion?
9) A nursing student comes to you and tells you Miss HH’s “BMs are 2.3” (Random peripheral blood glucose is 2.3 mmol/L). What are the symptoms of a hypoglycaemic
attack and how would you would treat it? Why do some patients not exhibit any symptoms?
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Order Paper Now10) Three months later, Miss HH is taking gliclazide 160mg BD but her blood sugar remains at least 11.5mmol/L most of the day. Three possible options exist other
than starting insulin. Which of the three possibilities below might or might not be suitable for Miss HH? Which would you support? Refer to the NICE algorithm.
a) Exenatide
b) sitagliptin
c) pioglitazone
11) After a further 6 months on pioglitazone 30mg daily and gliclazide 160mg BD, Miss HH’s HbA1c remains stubbornly high at 78mmol/mol in the diabetic clinic. The
doctor decides to stop her pioglitazone and start subcutaneous insulin therapy whilst continuing gliclazide. Describe 3 different kinds of insulin regime – suggest
preparations and doses. Which one would you recommend for Miss HH? Which regime best mimics the body’s natural insulin release?
12) Should Miss HH be started on aspirin or a statin? (Refer to the NICE Guidance 2009).
At home, complete the care plan for Miss HH at the point of hospital admission in Q7.
Pharmaceutical care plan for Miss HH DOB 1/6/1968 (on admission)
Problem Desired outcome Assessment Actions
Options Follow up/monitoring Counselling
DM2
HBA1c to 6.5%
No hypos (see below)
HBA1c and glucose uncontrolled on metformin 1g BD
? Compliance
Cr= 250 micromol/L
BMs/HbA1c in longer term
Push dietary advice
How to manage hypos
Risk of hypoglycaemic attacks
Want none None yet but risk if starts non-metformin based therapy
Cardiovascular risk
Reduce risk of CVD (CHD+stroke) plus PVD,CKD, retinopathy and nephropathy DM2 (Uncontrolled) BP, CBG (BM), lipids, HbA1c regularly
CKD Stop further deterioration, avoid ESRF>> Check chronic/acute Already lost 2/3 of GFR by age 65- bodes ill Needs tight BP (esp c ACE); tight sugar control
BP, Cr, urinary protein regularly,
VTE prophylaxis whilst in hospital
WORKSHOP TWO
MAJOR THEMES
HYPERTENSION
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Following the workshop, directed and background reading, students should be able to describe/understand:
1) Basic principles and problems in the management of hypertension
2) The importance of considering concomitant illness in the selection of antihypertensive therapy
3) The concept of cardiovascular risk including primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
4) Management of stable ischaemic heart disease
DIRECTED READING
BNF sections 2.5 Introductory pages
Stable angina. NICE Clinical Guideline CG126 2011- Quick reference guide
Management of hypertension in adults in primary care. NICE Clinical Guideline CG127 2011
MHRA and CHM. Aspirin: not licensed for primary prevention of thrombotic vascular disease. Drug Safety Update 2009;3(3):10-11.
NICE Bites – Hypertension, UKMI September 2011
NICE Bites – Management of stable angina, UKMI, September 2011
BACKGROUND READING
Stable angina – Clinical features and diagnosis. Clinical Pharmacist, January 2012
Stable angina – Management. Clinical Pharmacist, January 2012
WORKSHOP EXERCISE
Fill in the empty boxes in the diagram of the renin-angiotensin system below.
ANSWER ALL THESE QUESTIONS USE THE READING LIST IN PREVIOUS PAGE TO HELP ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS IN DETAIL
Mr KK, a 61 year old Caucasian secondary school teacher, has recently been diagnosed with hypertension. His recent blood pressure reading was 165/100mmHg.
He feels generally well but has been under a great deal of stress at work recently. He has no past medical history. His older brother has hypertension and type II
diabetes and his father died aged 52 following a myocardial infarction. He has no other medical problems. He smokes 15 cigarettes a day and weighs about 100kg.
He doesn’t think that he has hypertension as he has had only 2 high readings but he is to have 24 hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring next week. He has also had blood
tests to check his blood sugar, cholesterol, renal function and liver function. He has read about white coat hypertension in the newspaper but was not sure what this
means.
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