Water Resource Plan Table

·        Create a sustainability plan table using the sustainability plan guidelines following the options.

DECLINING FISH STOCK

[Music]

Fisherman Pete Dupuis is getting ready to go back to work on the Pacific Ocean.

After the albacore season, we’ll go back to longlining and target bigeye tuna and swordfish.

This is both combination freeze and fresh ice.

His boat can easily handle a whopping haul of swordfish. An average catch?

About 20,000 pounds. That could be a couple hundred fish.

Pete is one of the few longliners willing to talk to us these days after a widely-reported study showed that fishing fleets

have stripped the seas of 90 percent of big fish. Pete’s read all about it, but he’s skeptical. He’s still catching as many

fish as ever.

I know this business, and I know it real well. That ocean is big, very big, and it’s going to take us a long time to

really understand it.

Time could be running out. The ten-year study by a fisheries biologist challenges the adage, “There are plenty of fish

in the sea.” Most of the biggest fish have been pulled from the water in the last half century, leaving fishermen to

compete for the remaining 10 percent. This new report is the third major recent scientific study claiming the ocean is

not nearly as resilient as we previously thought. The first was published in 2001 by Jeremy Jackson of the Scripps

Institute of Oceanography in La Jolla, California.

The notion that we can somehow keep hunting and gathering in the oceans without limit to feed six billion people is

just pretty stupid. We will never be able to fish at the level we’ve been fishing.

Narrator: Jackson’s two-year study set out to trace the decline of many ocean species over several centuries.

He and a team of international scientists identified overfishing as more destructive to the ocean than toxic pollution or

degrading water quality.

Is the damage complete, or is there a way to reverse this?

The damage is close to complete, and it’s almost certainly reversible, or at least mostly reversible, but what it requires

is an utterly different attitude about how we use the ocean.

Jackson’s report coincided with a proposed federal law that would limit overfishing, but it has still not received

congressional approval. Jackson says this new report brings the issue to light again, and the next step has to be drastic.

We’ve fished many of these prize fish down to such extraordinarily low levels that I think we have to protect a third or

40 percent or in some cases half of the ocean from fishing for certain species.

Narrator: The off-limits approach will allow fish populations to rebound. The solution is scientifically sound but politically

difficult.

Are we willing to set aside a very large part of the ocean and just not let anybody go there? And it would take all the

navies of the world to pretend to enforce those regulations. We need to have the courage to make difficult decisions

that will hurt people for the protection of the resource for the future.

Pete Dupuis says commercial fishermen will be hurt the most. With swordfish fetching $4 a pound, he has to keep

fishing.

That’s all I know. I mean, I have my life savings invested in this boat. This is it.

And he says that declaring no-fishing zones is the wrong response.

If you have a leak in your water faucet in your house and you hire a plumber, and he says, “I can fix that,” and he

shuts the water off at the street, yeah, he stopped the leak, but he didn’t take care of the problem, and that’s what the

environmental community’s doing now. They’re shutting the water off at the street without taking care of the problem.

Let’s address the problem and take care of the problem, and I don’t think there’s a commercial fisherman that wouldn’t

want to do that, because we want to stay in business, and we want a renewable resource, and it can be one from now

to whenever.

Pete wants more research and a policy that strikes a balance between economic demands and environmental concerns,

but scientists worry that doing nothing will have dire consequences now that a resource once considered inexhaustible

 

is in real danger of disappearing.

 

Sustainability Plan Guidelines

 

Your resource plan must present what, when, and how something is sustained and maintained now and into the indefinite future. Your plan must be submitted in table format. The Corporation for National and Community Service (n.d.) provides the following list of components that make up a sustainability plan that must be included in your table:

 

1.      Action items: Provide the items that must be addressed or occur. Refer to the following example:

 

My plan for sustaining clean air in my community is to develop an education program about air-pollution-generating activities and their effects, schedule a presentation day and time, invite community participants, and research the effects of air pollution.

 

2.      Order of action items: Discuss how the action items will align or occur. One event or activity must occur before another; thus, order the items into steps similar to the following:

 

1)     Research the effects of air pollution.

2)     Develop an education program.

3)     Schedule a presentation day and time.

4)     Invite the community.

 

3.      Action steps: Explain how you will conduct the action items. How are you going to make each item happen? Include individuals or groups who will help you conduct these items. Use the following as a guide:

 

To schedule a presentation day and time, I will attend next month’s community homeowner’s association (HOA) meeting and request permission from the board to add it to the following month’s agenda.

 

4.      Timeline: Estimate when you will conduct the action items, such as: “In months 1–3, I will complete the research.” If an item or activity does not have a specific conclusion time, indicate that it is “ongoing.”

 

The following is an incomplete sample of how you might incorporate your resource plan into a table format:

 

Action Items

(in the correct order)

Action Steps

Action Steps

Research and identify the effects of air pollution.

Review environmental websites and journals.

 

Document the sources of air pollution and both environmental and health effects of air pollution.

 

Document video interviews of environmental researchers and facilitators.

Month 1–3

Develop an education program about air pollution effects.

Develop a presentation about why this program is needed and include air pollution’s ill effects, the lifestyle changes that will be required, and the benefits and challenges of change.

Month 1–3

Schedule a presentation day and time.

Attend a monthly HOA meeting to present the benefits of the program.

 

Request that the HOA board add the presentation to the following month’s agenda.

 

Document the audio and visual equipment needed for presentation and layout of the room.

Month 4

Identify and invite community participants.

Tally the number of homes in the community.

 

Create and distribute flyers to homes announcing the next HOA meeting and the educational program that will be introduced.

Month 4–5

 

Blank Sample Action Plan

 

Action Items

(in order)

Action Steps

Timeline

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Add more rows if needed

 

 

 

Reference

 

 

Corporation for National & Community Service. (n.d.). Sample sustainability plan. In Toolkit for program sustainability, capacity building, and volunteer recruitment/management (Section 4). Retrieved from http://www.nationalserviceresources.org/filemanager/download/online/sustainability_plan.pdf

 

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Unit 4 A#

 

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accounting online exam

http://login.cengagebrain.com/course/E-TWQN2FYA5YKYX 

 

Exam 3 Chapters 9-12        

 

 

finish in 24hrs.

 

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Marketing! Help me!!!!! Emergency!

I need this work in two-three hours!!! It is very important!!!! It shouldn’t be too long (1-2 pages) and it also shouldn’t be too complicated! But you have very small amount of time!!!!! Please, help me.

 

Select a product or service. Then, go into the field and observe consumers buying and/or using that product or service. Then, engage them and discuss what, how and why the purchased what they did and how they intend to use that purchase. 

 

Prepare a 1-2 page report indicating what you discovered. In this report, outline opportunities to improve the consumer’s buying or use experience. Also, indicate if you have uncovered new market opportunities for the company behind the product or service (e.g. a new use, a new solution, a new customer).

 

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Due in 3 hours and must be original work

 

READ THE ATTACHED SHORT DOC IT WILL HELP YOU WRITE THE PAPER

 

400-450 words APA formatted, intext citations and references 3 of them.

 

 

Assignment 2: Essay: Power in Swift and Moliere 

Both Moliere and Swift use humor to provide an analysis of serious social problems. In doing so, they both describe various types and uses of power, from the governmental power that restores Orgon’s property and the English laws that do not take into account the conditions of the Irish, to the power that a landlord holds over a renter or a father over a family, to the exercise of religion and wealth within a community, to the wishes and desires of the young, and more.

Your task is to identify at least two types of power in our readings for this module. You may use either Tartuffe or A Modest Proposal, or a mix of both. Once you have found two types of power, determine who you think has the power and how that power is exercised. Where is each power abused? What checks or limits are placed on each type of power? Be sure to cite examples from your readings to support your claims.

 

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BUSN 310 WK 6

Continue working with your chosen least admired company (BOB EVANS FARM) and its industry and complete the following:
 
1.      Identify Domestic and Global Environments (countries) that are in opposing cultural clusters (as identified in International business: theory and practice) identify which cluster(s) your two countries fit.
2.      Identify the socio-cultural parts of each country as related to business for your company.
a.       You will need to examine these with the aid of Geert Hofstede.
3.      Identify and discuss the various sociocultural aspects of each country. Do they differ? How? What are the similarities?
4.      How would these factors affect your company’s business in your Domestic and Global Environments (countries)?
5.      Research requirement: minimum 2 scholarly sources PLUS the text and Hofstede.
6.      Page requirement: 3 pages in APA format.
7.      Assignment MUST be submitted to turnitin.com and here (see turnitin.com forum for more important information).
 
LO – 6 – Working with their chosen company, the student will examine the Sociocultural factors and how those factors affect their chosen company using their identified Domestic and Global environments.
 

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CSC…………md4ca

Case assignment: your assignment is about classes & objects, classes & functions, introspection, object & object orientation and a small database project.

Required:

 

 

  1. Read chapters 15, 16 from “Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist (Version 1.3.3)”, a reference in the background materials. Code all the examples and exercises into the Python IDLE and successfully run them. Save the final programs into Python files.
  2. Read chapters 4 & 5 from Dive into Python, a reference in the background materials. Code all the examples and exercises into the Python IDLE and successfully run them. Save the final programs into Python files.
  3. You’ve been going to work on a database project at work for sometime now. Your boss encourages you to program the database in Python. You disagree, arguing that Python is not a database language but your boss persists by providing the source code below for a sample telephone database. He asks you to do two things: 1. Evaluate the existing source code and extend it to make it useful for managers in the firm. (You do not need a GUI interface, just work on the database aspects: data entry and retrieval – of course you must get the program to run or properly work, and 2. He wants you to critically evaluate Python as a database tool.

Import the sample code below into the Python IDLE and enhance it, run it and debug it. Add features to make this a more realistic database tool by providing for easy data entry and retrieval. Export your successful program to a Python file for later upload to coursenet.

Here is the sample source code:

#!/usr/bin/python
#
# An example from Sean Reifschneider’s Python Tutorial at Linux Expo 98.
#
# Copyright (c) 1998 Sean Reifschneider, tummy.com, ltd.
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.

# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place – Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
#
# You can contact Sean Reifschneider at
# P.O. Box 270624,
# Fort Collins, CO USA 80527-0624,
# or at [email protected]
#
# Simple phone-number database module

import shelve
import string

UNKNOWN = 0
HOME = 1
WORK = 2
FAX = 3
CELL = 4

class phoneentry:
def __init__(self, name = ‘Unknown’, number = ‘Unknown’,
type = UNKNOWN):
self.name = name
self.number = number
self.type = type

# create string representation
def __repr__(self):
return(‘%s:%d’ % ( self.name, self.type ))

# fuzzy compare or two items
def __cmp__(self, that):
this = string.lower(str(self))
that = string.lower(that)

if string.find(this, that) >= 0:
return(0)
return(cmp(this, that))

def showtype(self):
if self.type == UNKNOWN: return(‘Unknown’)
if self.type == HOME: return(‘Home’)
if self.type == WORK: return(‘Work’)
if self.type == FAX: return(‘Fax’)
if self.type == CELL: return(‘Cellular’)

class phonedb:
def __init__(self, dbname = ‘phonedata’):
self.dbname = dbname;
self.shelve = shelve.open(self.dbname);

def __del__(self):
self.shelve.close()
self.shelve = None

def add(self, name, number, type = HOME):
e = phoneentry(name, number, type)
self.shelve[str(e)] = e

def lookup(self, string):
list = []
for key in self.shelve.keys():
e = self.shelve[key]
if cmp(e, string) == 0:
list.append(e)

return(list)

# if not being loaded as a module, run a small test
if __name__ == ‘__main__’:
foo = phonedb()
foo.add(‘Sean Reifschneider’, ‘970-555-1111’, HOME)
foo.add(‘Sean Reifschneider’, ‘970-555-2222’, CELL)
foo.add(‘Evelyn Mitchell’, ‘970-555-1111’, HOME)

print ‘First lookup:’
for entry in foo.lookup(‘reifsch’):
print ‘%-40s %s (%s)’ % ( entry.name, entry.number, entry.showtype() )
print

print ‘Second lookup:’
for entry in foo.lookup(‘e’):
print ‘%-40s %s (%s)’ % ( entry.name, entry.number, entry.showtype() )

Add all your saved Python files from requirements 1 – 3 above into a zip file. Add to the zip file, a one page description of what you have accomplished and what benefits you have achieved.

Case assignment expectations:

  • Code all the required examples and exercises and successfully run them.
  • Provide a paper describing what you accomplished and what benefits you have achieved.

When your zip file is done, send it in to CourseNet.

 
 

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for professor sendric only

 

Review and reflect on the knowledge you have gained from this course. Based on your review and reflection address the following:

  • What 2 ethical theories from this course impact you the most professionally and/or academically? 
  • Explain how the theories have helped you professionally and/or academically.
  • What experiences from this course have impacted you the most professionally and/or academically? 
  • The main post should include at least 1 reference to research sources, and all sources should be cited using APA format.
 

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3 HISTORY QUESTIONS BASED ON READING

Answer the following questions, after reading the three documents BELOW 

  • What motivated settlers to face dangers and hardships to move west?
  • How important were the cattle industry and mining in fueling westward expansion?
  • How do these authors’ experiences compare to the experiences of most settlers?

 

Lydia Allen Rudd, Diary of Westward Travel (1852)


May 6 1852 Left the Missouri river for our long journey across the wild uncultivated plains and unhabitated except by the red man. As we left the river bottom and ascended the bluffs the view from them was handsome! In front of us as far as vision could reach extended the green hills covered with fine grass. . . . Behind us lay the Missouri with its muddy water hurrying past as if in great haste to reach some destined point ahead all unheeding the impatient emigrants on the opposite shore at the ferrying which arrived faster than they could be conveyed over. About half a miles down the river lay a steamboat stuck fast on a sandbar. Still farther down lay the busy village of St. Joseph looking us a good bye and reminding us that we were leaving all signs of civilised life for the present. But with good courage and not one sigh of regret I mounted my pony (whose name by the way is Samy) and rode slowly on. In going some two miles, the scene changed from bright sunshine to drenching showers of rain this was not quite agreeable for in spite of our good blankets and intentions otherwise we got some wet. The rain detained us so that we have not made but ten miles today. . . .

May 7 I found myself this morning with a severe headache from the effects of yesterday’s rain. . . .

There is a toll bridge across this stream kept by the Indians. The toll for our team in total was six bits. We have had some calls this evening from the Indians. We gave them something to eat and they left. Some of them [had] on no shirt only a blanket, whiles others were ornamented in Indian style with their faces painted in spots and stripes feathers and fur on their heads beeds on their neck brass rings on their wrists and arms and in their ears armed with rifles and spears.

May 8 . . . We have come about 12 miles and were obliged to camp in the open prairie without any wood. Mary and myself collected some dry weeds and grass and made a little fire and cooked some meat and the last of our supply of eggs with these and some hard bread with water we made our supper.

May 9 . . . We passed a new made grave today . . . a man from Ohio We also met a man that was going back: he had buried his Wife this morning She died from the effects of measels we have come ten miles today encamped on a small stream called Vermillion creek Wood and water plenty Their are as many as fifty waggons on this stream and some thousand head of stock It looks like a village the tents and waggons extend as much as a mile. . . .

Some are singing some talking and some laughing and the cattle are adding their mite by shaking their bells and grunt[ing]. Mosquitoes are intruding their unwelcome presence. Harry says that I must not sit here any longer writing but go to bed for I will not want to get up early in the morning to get breakfast.

May 10 I got up this morning and got breakfast and before sunrise we had eat in spite of Harry’s prophecies to the contrary. . . .

May 11 We had a very heavy fog this morning which cleared up about noon. Our men are not any of them very well this morning. We passed another grave to day which was made this morning. The board stated that he died of cholera. He was from Indiana. We met several that had taken the back track for the states homesick I presume let them go. We have passed through a handsome country and have encamped on the Nimehaw river, the most beautiful spot that ever I saw in my life. I would like to live here. As far as the eye can reach either way lay handsome rolling prairies, not a stone a tree nor a bush even nothing but grass and flowers meets the eye until you reach the valley of the river which is as level as the house floor and about half a mile wide, where on the bank of the stream for two or three rods wide is one of the heaviest belts of timber I ever saw covered with thick foliage so thick that you could not get a glimpse of the stream through it. You can see this belt of timber for three or four miles from the hills on both sides winding through the prairie like some huge snake. We have traveled twelve miles. . . .

May 12 . . . Our men not much better.

May 13 . . . Henry has been no better to day. Soon after we stopped to night a man came along with a wheel barrow going to California: he is a dutchmann. He wheels his provisions and clothing all day and then stops where night overtakes him sleeps on the ground in the open air. He eats raw meat and bread for his supper. I think that he will get tired wheeling his way through the world by the time he gets to California.

May 14 Just after we started this morning we passed four men dig[g]ing a grave. They were packers. The man that had died was taken sick yesterday noon and died last night. They called it cholera morbus. The corpse lay on the ground a few feet from where they were dig[g]ing. The grave it was a sad sight. . . .

On the bank of the stream waiting to cross, stood a dray with five men harnessed to it bound for California. They must be some of the persevering kind I think. Wanting to go to California more than I do. . . . We passed three more graves this afternoon. . . .

Sept. 5 Traveled eighteen miles today encamped on a slough of powder river poor camp not much grass water nor wood. I am almost dead tonight. I have been sick two or three days with the bowel complaint and am much worse tonight.

Sept. 6 We have not been able to leave this miserable place today. I am not as well as yesterday and no physician to be had. We got a little medicine from a train tonight that has checked the disease some, the first thing that has done me any good.

Sept. 7 . . . I am some better today so much so that they ventured to move me this for the sake of a better camp. Mrs. Girtman is also sick with the same disease. Our cattle are most all of them ailing–there are two more that we expect will die every day. . . .

Oct. 8 started early this morning without any breakfast for the very good reason that we had nothing to eat still three miles from the falls safely landed about eight o’clock tired hungry and with a severe cold from last nights exposure something like civilization here in the shape of three or four houses there is an excuse here for a railroad of a mile and half on which to convey bag[g]age below the falls where they can again take water for the steamboat landing. Harry packed our bag[g]age down the railroad and the rest of us walked the car is drawn across the railroad by a mule and they will car[r]y no persons but sick. We again hired an Indian with his canoe to take us from the falls to the steamboat landing ar[r]ived about sundown a great many emigrants waiting for a chance to leave the steamboat and several flat boats lying ready to start out in the morning encamped on the shore for the night.

October 9-October 13 . . .

October 14 . . . I am so anxious to get some place to stop and settle that my patience is not worth much.

October 15-18 . . .

October 19 . . . We have had a very bad day today for traveling it has rained nearly all the time and it has rained very hard some of the time and we have had a miserable road the rain has made the hills very slippery and had to get up and down we have made but eleven miles of travel encamped on the prairie no water for our stock and not much for ourselves.

October 21 . . .

October 22 . . . Traveled three miles this morning and reached the village of Salem it is quite a pretty town a much handsomer place than Oregon City and larger. . . .

I am afraid that we shall be obliged to pack from here the rest of our journey and it will be a wet job another wet rainy day I am afraid that the rain will make us all sick. I am already begin to feel the affects of it by a bad cold.

October 23 . . . We cannot get any wagon to take us on our journey and are obliged to pack the rest of the way Mr. Clark and wife have found a house to live in and employment for the winter and they will stop here in Salem It took us until nearly noon to get our packs fixed for packing went about two miles and it rained so fast that we were obliged to stop got our dinner and supper in one meal cooked in a small cabin ignorant people but kind started again just

October 24-25 . . . October 26 . . . we reached Burlington about two o’clock. There is one store one blacksmith shop and three or four dwelling houses. We encamped close by found Mr. Donals in his store an old acquaintance of my husband’s. I do not know what we shall yet conclude on doing for the winter. There is no house in town that we can get to winter in. We shall probably stay here tomorrow and by the time know what we are to do for a while at least.

October 27 . . . Our men have been looking around for a house and employment and have been successful for which I feel very thankful. Harry has gone into copartnership with Mr. Donals in the mercantile business and we are to live in the back part of the store for this winter. Henry and Mary are going into Mr. D— house on his farm for the winter one mile from here. Mr. D— will also find him employment if he wants. I expect that we shall not make a claim after all our trouble in getting here on purpose for one. I shall have to be poor and dependent on a man my life time.

 

Joseph G. McCoy, Historic Sketches of the Cattle Trade of the West and Southwest (1874)


We left the herd fairly started upon the trail for the northern market. Of these trails there are several: one leading to Baxter Springs and Chetopa; another called the “Old Shawnee trail,” leaving Red river and running eastward, crossing the Arkansas not far above Fort Gibson, thence bending westward up the Arkansas river. But the principal trail now traveled is more direct and is known as “Chisholm trail,” so named from a semicivilized Indian who is said to have traveled it first. It is more direct, has more prairie, less timber, more small streams and less large ones, and altogether better grass and fewer flies (no civilized Indian tax or wild Indian disturbances) than any other route yet driven over, and is also much shorter in distance because direct from Red river to Kansas. Twenty-five to thirty-five days is the usual time required to bring a drove from Red river to the southern line of Kansas, a distance of between two hundred and fifty and three hundred miles, and an excellent country to drive over. So many cattle have been driven over the trail in the last few years that a broad highway is tread out, looking much like a national highway; so plain, a fool could not fail to keep in it. . . .

Few occupations are more cheerful, lively, and pleasant than that of the cowboy on a fine day or night; but when the storm comes, then is his manhood and often his skill and bravery put to test. When the night is inky dark and the lurid lightning flashes its zigzag course athwart the heavens, and the coarse thunder jars the earth, the winds moan fresh and lively over the prairie, the electric balls dance from tip to tip of the cattle’s horns–then the position of the cowboy on duty is trying, far more than romantic. When the storm breaks over his head, the least occurrence unusual, such as the breaking of a dry weed or stick, or a sudden and near flash of lightning, will start the herd as if by magic, all at an instant, upon a wild rush, and woe to the horse or man or camp that may be in their path. The only possible show for safety is to mount and ride with them until you can get outside the stampeding column. It is customary to train cattle to listen to the noise of the herder, who sings in a voice more sonorous than musical a lullaby consisting of a few short monosyllables. A stranger to the business of stock driving will scarce credit the statement that the wildest herd will not run, so long as they can hear distinctly the voice of the herder above the din of the storm.

But if by any mishap the herd gets off on a real stampede, it is by bold, dashing, reckless riding in the darkest of nights, and by adroit, skillful management that it is checked and brought under control. The moment the herd is off, the cowboy turns his horse at full speed down the retreating column and seeks to get up beside the leaders, which he does not attempt to stop suddenly, for such an effort would be futile, but turns them to the left or right hand and gradually curves them into a circle, the circumference of which is narrowed down as fast as possible until the whole herd is rushing wildly round and round on as small a piece of ground as possible for them to occupy. Then the cowboy begins his lullaby note in a loud voice, which has a great effect in quieting the herd. When all is still and the herd well over its scare, they are returned to their bed ground, or held where stopped until daylight. . . .

After a drive of twenty-five to one hundred days the herd arrives in western Kansas, whither, in advance, its owner has come, and decided what point at which he will make his headquarters. Straightway a good herding place is sought out, and the herd, upon its arrival, placed thereon, to remain until a buyer is found, who is dilligently sought after; but if not found as soon as the cattle are fat, they are shipped to market. But the drover has a decided preference for selling on the prairie, for there he feels at home and self-possessed; but when he goes on the cars he is out of his element and doing something he doesn’t understand much about and doesn’t wish to learn, especially at the price it has cost many cattle shippers. . . .

We have in a former paper said that Texan drovers, as a class, were clannish, and easily gulled by promises of high prices for their stock. As an illustration of these statements we cite a certain secret meeting of the drovers held at one of the camps in 1867, whereat they all, after talking the matter over, pledged themselves to hold their cattle for 3 cents per pound gross and to sell none for less. One of the principal arguments used was that their cattle must be worth that price or those Illinoisans would not be expending so much money and labor in preparing facilities for shipping them. To this resolution they adhered persistently, refusing $2.75 per 100 pounds for fully 10,000 head; and afterwards, failing to get their 3 cents on the prairie for their cattle, shipped them to Chicago on their own account and sold them there at $2.25 to $2.50 per 100 pounds; and out of that paid a freight of $150 per car, realizing from $10 to $15 per head less than they had haughtily refused upon the prairie. Some of them refused to accept these prices and packed their cattle upon their own account. Their disappointment and chagrin at their failure to force a buyer to pay 3 cents per pound for their cattle was great and bitter, but their refusal to accept the offer of 23/4 cents per pound was great good fortune to the would-be buyers, for at that price $100,000 would have been lost on 10,000 head of cattle. An attempt was made the following year to form a combination to put up prices; but a burnt child dreads the fire, and the attempted combination failed, and every drover looked out sharply for himself.

Now one instance touching their susceptibility to being gulled by fine promises. In the fall of 1867, when Texan cattle were selling at from $24 to $28 per head in Chicago, a well-dressed, smooth-tongued individual put in an appearance at Abilene and claimed to be the representative of a certain (bogus) packing company of Chicago, and was desirous of purchasing several thousand head of cattle. He would pay Chicago prices at Abilene or, rather than be particular, $5 or $10 per head more than the same cattle would sell for in Chicago. It was astonishing to see how eagerly certain drovers fell into his trap and bargained their cattle off to him at $35 per head at Abilene, fully $15 more than they would pay out. But, mark you, the buyer, so “childlike and bland,” could only pay the little sum of $25 down on 400 to 800 head, but would pay the balance when he got to Leavenworth with the cattle, he being afraid to bring his wealth up in that wild country. In the meantime they would load the cattle on the cars, bill them in the name of the buyer, and of course everything would be all right. Strange as it may appear, several of the hitherto most suspicious drovers of 1867 fell in with this swindler’s scheme; and were actually about to let him ship their herds off on a mere verbal promise, when the parties in charge of the yards, seeing that the drovers were about to be defrauded out of their stock, posted them to have the cattle billed in their own name, and then, if the pay was not forthcoming, they would have possession of their own stock without troublesome litigation, as every man of sense anticipated they would have. When the swindler, after various excuses for his failures to pay at Leavenworth, Quincy, and Chicago (all the while trying to get the cattle into his own hands) found that he must come down with the cash, he very plainly told the Texan to go to Hades with his cattle. Instead of obeying this warm parting injunction of his newfound, high-priced buyer, he turned his cattle over to a regular commission man and received about $26 per head at Chicago less freight charges, or almost $18 per head at Abilene instead of $35 per head.

 

Edward Gould Buffum, Six Months in the Gold Mines (1850)


A scene occurred about this time that exhibits in a striking light, the summary manner in which “justice” is dispensed in a community where there are no legal tribunals. We received a report on the afternoon of January 20th, that five men had been arrested at the dry diggings, and were under trial for a robbery. The circumstances were these:–A Mexican gambler, named Lopez, having in his possession a large amount of money, retired to his room at night, and was surprised about midnight by five men rushing into his apartment, one of whom applied a pistol to his head, while the others barred the door and proceeded to rifle his trunk. An alarm being given, some of the citizens rushed in, and arrested the whole party. Next day they were tried by a jury chosen from among the citizens, and sentenced to receive thirty-nine lashes each, on the following morning. Never having witnessed a punishment inflicted by Lynch-law, I went over to the dry diggings on a clear Sunday morning, and on my arrival, found a large crowd collected around an oak tree, to which was lashed a man with a bared back, while another was applying a raw cowhide to his already gored flesh. A guard of a dozen men, with loaded rifles pointed at the prisoners, stood ready to fire in case of an attempt being made to escape. After the whole had been flogged, some fresh charges were preferred against three of the men–two Frenchmen, named Garcia and Bissi, and a Chileno, named Manuel. These were charged with a robbery and attempt to murder, on the Stanislaus River, during the previous fall. The unhappy men were removed to a neighbouring house, and being so weak from their punishment as to be unable to stand, were laid stretched upon the floor. As it was not possible for them to attend, they were tried in the open air, in their absence, by a crowd of some two hundred men, who had organized themselves into a jury, and appointed a pro tempore judge. The charges against them were well substantiated, but amounted to nothing more than an attempt at robbery and murder; no overt act being even alleged. They were known to be bad men, however, and a general sentiment seemed to prevail in the crowd that they ought to be got rid of. At the close of the trial, which lasted some thirty minutes, the Judge put to vote the question whether they had been proved guilty. A universal affirmative was the response; and then the question “What punishment shall be inflicted?” was asked. A brutal-looking fellow in the crowd, cried out, “Hang them.” The proposition was seconded, and met with almost universal approbation. I mounted a stump, and in the name of God, humanity, and law, protested against such a course of proceeding; but the crowd, by this time excited by frequent and deep potations of liquor from a neighbouring groggery, would listen to nothing contrary to their brutal desires, and even threatened to hang me if I did not immediately desist from any further remarks. Somewhat fearful that such might be my fate, and seeing the utter uselessness of further argument with them, I ceased, and prepared to witness the horrible tragedy. Thirty minutes only were allowed the unhappy victims to prepare themselves to enter on the scenes of eternity. Three ropes were procured, and attached to the limb of a tree. The prisoners were marched out, placed upon a wagon, and the ropes put round their necks. No time was given them for explanation. They vainly tried to speak, but none of them understanding English, there were obliged to employ their native tongues, which but few of those assembled understood. Vainly they called for an interpreter, for their cries were drowned by the yells of a now infuriated mob. A black handkerchief was bound around the eyes of each; their arms were pinioned, and at a given signal, without priest or prayer-book, the wagon was drawn from under them, and they were launched into eternity. Their graves were dug ready to receive them, and when life was entirely extinct, they were cut down and buried in their blankets. This was the first execution I ever witnessed.–God grant that it may be the last!

 

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