Essay Revision

Oprah Winfrey the Great

Final Draft

Oprah Winfrey is a great asset to humanity. She is not only a fruitful business woman, but also a humanitarian. Oprah Winfrey is an actress, talk show host, philosopher, who has been in famous long across the United States and the world. The world knows her for revolutionizing television. She did not only transform daytime talk shows from gossipy to intimate, she also broke down the traditional barriers of journalism and transformed the book publishing industry. She prepared a mass audience to celebrate differences among people, regardless of color, disabilities or sexual orientation. She is the kind of celebrity who uses her power in media to change public’s opinion, and who is described as the most powerful and influential women worldwide.

Oprah grew up in a home where her mother did not support her interest in academics. She also struggled with a strange dichotomy: academic achievement and dysfunctional home

life where she also endured physical abuse by relatives. Oprah gives birth to a baby boy at 14. Her son was born prematurely and died an infant. She eventually moved with her strict father. Winfrey became an excellent student. She participated in the drama club, debate club, and student council while in grade school. Upon graduating from grade school, Winfrey participated In an Elks Club speaking contest where she won a full scholarship to fund her college education at Tennessee State University.

While in college Winfrey was crowned Miss Fire Prevention by WVOL, a local Nashville radio station, and was hired by the station to read afternoon newscasts as a freshman in college. At only 19 years old, a sophomore in college, Winfrey was offered a position at CBS by a CBS affiliate. Winfrey turned the job down several times but after careful consideration and receiving advice from one of her mentors which was also her speech teacher. She finally accepted the position. “The show was seen every evening on WTVF-TV, and Winfrey was Nashville’s first African American female co-anchor of the evening news (in text citation)”.

After Winfrey graduated from college, she went on to work for WJZ-TV in Baltimore Maryland where she did the local news updates, called cut-ins for Good Morning America. In January of 1984, Winfrey took over as anchor on A.M. Chicago, a morning talk show that was consistently last in the ratings chart. As a talk show with one-star rating, Winfrey is able to turn it around by changing the emphasis of the show from traditional women’s issues to current and controversial topics and in just one month the show was at even ratings with Donahue’s program and within three months she was ahead. Eventually, AM Chicago morning talk show was renamed the Oprah Winfrey Show in September 1985 and was extended to an hour.

The popularity of Winfrey’s show skyrocketed after the success of the movie she played in “The Color Purple.” She received a special award from the Chicago Academy of the Arts for unique contributions to the city’s artistic community and was named Woman of Achievement by the National Organization of Women. Her Show The Oprah Winfrey show won several awards for Best Talk Show where she was also honored as Best Talk Show Host.

Winfrey formed her own production company, Harpo, Inc., in August 1986 to produce the topics that she wanted to see produced, including the television drama miniseries with Gloria Naylor’s The Women of Brewster Place, in which Winfrey was featured along with Cicely Tyson, Robin Givens, Olivia Cole, Jackee, Paula Kelly, and Lynn Whitfield.

Oprah became the first African American woman to reach billionaire status and she has broken through cultural, geographical and gender barriers, letting the world know “it’s not your circumstances, but your heart that determines how far you go in this world.” She has inspired me abundant with her openness and compassion and vision of a better world. Oprah has contributed millions of dollars towards bettering education for under-served students. Oprah has donated more than $50 million to charity, including 50 local organizations

such as the AIDS Foundation of Chicago, Children’s Memorial Hospital and the Chicago Academy of the Arts. She is an activist who has led many campaigns to help children and women from different walks of life.

Works Cited:

“How Does Oprah Winfrey Influence the Society?”

HASTAC, www.hastac.org/blogs/yuxin-dai/2015/11/20/how-does-oprah-winfrey-

influence-society.

NBCNews.com, NBCUniversal News Group, 26 May 2011,

www.nbcnews.com/id/43175402/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/how-oprah-

winfrey-changed-america/.

“Oprah Winfrey.” The MY HERO Project,

myhero.com/oprahhero. Sohn, Emily. “How Oprah Winfrey Changed America.”

Suver, Stacey. “Oprah Winfrey.” Inside Philanthropy,

Inside Philanthropy, 7 Mar. 2019, www.insidephilanthropy.com/glitzy-giving/oprah-

winfrey.html.

Tennant, Thomas. “Biography of Oprah Winfrey,

Media Mogul.” LiveAbout, LiveAbout, 24 May 2019, www.liveabout.com/who-is-oprah-winfrey-a-brief-biography-3177096.

Professor Comments:

However, here is my feedback on what you submitted. First, the originality score for your essay is very high–69%. There are many places where you have used outside sources and have not given credit. Whether intentional or not this practice is plagiarism. You need to go back and add in-text citations for those paraphrases that are someone else’s ideas. I have enabled your being able to see where there are problems, so you can tell.

Secondly, where is your research question? Thesis? The essay does not confirm to the general requirements for the essay–not organized by source, does not have the tone of exploration i.e. your reflections about the information you have discovered etc. Did you read the example of the student essay in Module 2 Supplement?

Original Prompt:

This purpose of this assignment is to assess your ability to construct a

research essay using outside sources to develop a clear, coherent explanation of

the path the subject you have chosen (famous person) has taken to achieve

fame and contribute to his/her field or the world at large, using the correct MLA

documentation practices and format.

Research Essay # 1: Prompt:

“Choose someone famous [inventor, innovator, athlete, music artiste, artist, scientist,

philanthropist, teacher, researcher, genius, farmer, head-of- state, etc] and research the path

he/she took to achieve fame and the contributions this person made to his/her field or the

world at large.

What did this person actually do to achieve fame? What were the critical

moments in the development of his or her career? What is or was the value of fame to this

person and to those around him or her (Green and Lawlor 573).”

At the beginning of your

essay [Introduction] weave into your introduction why you are interested in/chose this person

and ask a question that may have baffled you about him/her. Then write an organized narrative

account as you investigate your subject’s life through research and showing your own reflective

thinking. Your goal is to research and

find information that answers the questions listed above

in this prompt,

to produce a clear coherent exploration of your subject’s fame and

contributions and give credit to the relevant sources you have used through proper MLA

documentation.

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identify an imported product that you purchased recently, and estimate the amount of consumer surplus you received from your purchase.

The Microeconomics Learning Portfolio

This learning portfolio consists of a series of short writing assignments. You will be required to complete and revise these assignments throughout the semester, and to compile and submit your completed portfolio by the due date.

General Directions:

Please complete ALL of the individual assignments listed below, and compile them into one document to submit by the due date. Note that some chapters do not have a corresponding assignment (e.g. chapter 1).

Please submit your compiled and revised learning portfolio using one of the following programs/formats: Microsoft Word/.doc, Open Office/.odt, or Adobe Acrobat/.pdf. Other formats are not acceptable since I cannot read them.

Follow the directions for each individual assignment closely. This sounds simple, but most of the points people lose are due to failure to follow the directions. To help with this, many assignments are broken down by components, for example A, B, C, D, etc. Please respond to these assignments by specifically addressing each component with its own paragraph.

Use your best writing skills. This assignment should reflect college-level writing ability and will be graded significantly lower if it does not. High school-level work uses proper grammar, punctuation, spelling, sentence structure, and reasonable paragraph lengths, so these components are absolutely mandatory in the learning portfolio.

There are no length requirements for the individual assignments, so please do not try to lengthen your submission by including fluff, by being redundant, or using formatting tricks. But at the same time, do not provide superficial responses. Take your time to respond to the assignments in a complete, meaningful way, and whatever length it ends up being is the “right” length.

Individual Chapter Assignments:

Chapter 2:

Chapter 2 shows and discusses the gains from trade that can result when individuals, firms, or countries specialize in producing goods for which they have the comparative advantage, and trade those goods with others.

Gains from specialization and exchange can be seen in many situations. For example, most people that we pay to do things for us (e.g. grow our food, cut our hair, tutor us, etc.) perform the task for a lower opportunity cost than we would bear if we were to do it ourselves. This is where the gain from trade that benefits both parties comes from, and is why it is rational for you to pay for the service.

To show that you understand how comparative advantage works in the modern economy, please discuss a good you recently purchased and address the following prompts:

What is the item, and how much did you pay for it?

What is a reasonable estimate of how long it would take you to make the item if you hadn’t been able to buy it? You need to come up with a number of hours or days or years, or whatever time measurement you want, for how long it would take you. Don’t try to avoid this. If you can’t figure it out, pick another good.

Who worked to get the money to pay for the item, and how long did they have to work to get the money? If your money came from the government, see the how the government gets money page.

Based on your answers to 2 and 3 above, was it rational to buy the good? Explain. Make sure you compare the time it would take you to make the good (mentioned in part 2) and the amount of time that had to be worked to get the money (mentioned in part 3). It is only rational to buy something if you give up less resources working to earn money to pay, than you would have if you made the good yourself. If it turned out to be irrational, why did you buy it?

If you want to see an example, check out the “great work” linked above. But do not copy the example or even the wording. There are many ways to express these ideas if you understand the material. Please find your own words or face the consequences of academic dishonesty.

Chapter 3:

In chapter 3 we learn that the supply and demand for a good or service can shift in response to changes in certain variables, and about how supply and demand interact to determine the market equilibrium price.

Please identify a price change you have observed in the last few years.

Use the supply and demand model to explain why the price changed in 1) above.

Summarize your explanation with one sentence that mentions what you think has happened to both supply and demand,and why, and how this interaction has resulted in the price change you observed. If both curves are moving, you will need to comment on the relative size of each shift to justify the price change you observed.

*Please do not try to explain the price of gas or a cell-phone; please pick something else.

Helpful tip: be sure you discuss both supply AND demand, as they both play a role in determining the price.

Chapter 4a:

In our everyday lives as consumers we purchase many goods and services, and we derive consumers’ surplus for most of them. With that in mind, please:

Identify 3 goods or services you have purchased in the last year, and estimate the amount of consumer surplus you enjoy from those purchases. For each good, please state specifically:

The highest amount you would have been willing to pay.

The price you actually paid.

The amount of consumers’ surplus you received from each item.

Helpful tips: Be sure to state exactly the highest price you would have been willing to pay, and the price you actually paid. The difference between these two is your consumer’s surplus. There are different phrases you can use to communicate the highest price you were willing to pay, but note that the following are incorrect:

The price you were willing to pay. Just because you were willing to pay $20 for a good, doesn’t mean this is the highest you were willing to pay.

The price you expected to pay. Again, this is not necessarily the highest price you were willing to pay.

Chapter 4b:

We are about one quarter of the way through the course. How is it going for you? Are your grades where you want them to be? If not, what can you do to remedy the situation? If you want a different result, it is imperative that you change your strategy.

Chapter 5:

This chapter focuses on externalities in the context of producing goods and services, but like many concepts in our course, these ideas are very applicable to our daily lives. In this discussion, please:

Identify and describe a situation where you have experienced either a positive or negative externality.

State clearly what the external cost or benefit is.

Estimate the dollar value of the externality. You may not be sure how to do this, so consider asking yourself the following: If it’s a positive externality, what is the highest price you would be willing to pay for the external benefit you received? If it’s a negative externality, what is the lowest price you would be willing to accept as compensation for the external cost you are bearing?

How many people in total are affected by this externality? Recommend either a tax or subsidy amount that the externality creator should pay or receive (to “internalize the externality”) based on the number of people affected. You may assume that everyone affected has the same valuation for the externality as you do.

Chapter 9:

In this chapter on international trade we explained the benefits of trade using the concepts of producer and consumer surplus. We know that trade barriers such as quotas and tariffs cause prices to rise, which reduces consumer surplus, but we also discussed that trade barriers save or create jobs for American workers. In a writing of no more than two pages, please:

identify an imported product that you purchased recently, and estimate the amount of consumer surplus you received from your purchase.

state how much, if any, of your consumer surplus you would be willing to give up if it meant another job could be saved for an American worker.

determine, if you knew that the job saved for the American worker came at the expense of a job for someone in a third-world country, if that would change the amount of consumer surplus (in dollars) you would be willing to give up.

determine, if you knew the surplus you gave up went directly to increase the wage of a worker in a third-world country, if that would change the amount of surplus you would give up.

state whether or not you would change the purchase, and the associated consumer surplus you received, in any way to redistribute the gains you personally received from international trade. If you would have been willing to give up some of the surplus you received if it went directly to the worker in the third world country, would you consider making a donation to a charitable organization benefiting workers that country (this is a way for you to give some of your surplus to the workers)? Why or why not?

Chapter 10 Reflection:

We are a little bit more than half of the way through the course. How is it going for you? Are your grades where you want them to be? If not, what adjustments can you make to improve the situation? Please respond to these questions in a writing of less than one page (a paragraph may be sufficient).

Chapter 11:

Although most of the concepts developed in chapter eleven pertain to businesses, many of the different notions of cost can be applied to your life. In a writing of no more than one page, please identify a fixed, variable, marginal, and implicit cost that you have paid in the last few years.

Chapter 12:

Many difficult or important jobs in our society pay surprisingly low wages. For example, babysitters, social workers, nursing home workers, seasonal lifeguards, and paramedics, all typically make around $15 per hour or less, but provide services that can save lives.

This phenomenon can be explained via the supply and demand model we developed back in chapter 3, or from related material we learned here in chapter 12 if we view the worker as a business owner selling their labor services.

We know that if barriers to entry into an industry are low, then businesses cannot expect to earn long-run profits. This implies that jobs that require little or no training (read: low barriers to entry) should not expect to get paid much.

For this chapter’s learning portfolio assignment, please:

Identify a job that you think earns surprisingly little given the task(s) performed

Discuss the training necessary to get the job

Discuss what you think the job “should” earn, and try to justify it

What do you think would happen if the government mandated the wage you suggested above? Please apply the lessons from the material on price floors from chapter 4 in your response

Chapter 13:

Many businesses operate in the “monopolistically competitive” environment. As we learned in chapter 13, economic profits are possible in this setting, but only to the extent that a firm can continue to differentiate itself from competing firms or produce goods at a lower cost than competitors. For example, Starbucks recently announced that it plans to offer beer and wine for sale after 4 in the afternoon in some markets. Certainly this differentiates it from other coffee shops.

For this chapter’s learning portfolio assignment, please:

Identify a business operating in the monopolistic competition setting.

List the assumptions of monopolistic competition and explain how the business fits in with these assumptions

Suggest a way that this business could differentiate itself from its competition

Chapter 15a:

Please name a good or service you or your family has purchased in recent months from a monopolist. How did the monopoly come to exist? Do you think you would have benefitted from increased competition in the market for this good or service? Why or why not?

Chapter 15b:

To maximize the probability you succeed at the college level, you may benefit from thinking critically about your role in the learning process. With that in mind, please (purely for your own benefit) reflect on your experience in our class, and address the following:

Realistically, how much work did you put into the course? Was it more or less than what you thought you would need to do?

If you would prefer to earn a higher grade than what you are expecting, what could you do in the future to improve your chances of earning that higher grade? Are there any steps you can take to improve your organization? What could you do to make better use of the time you allocate for studying (e.g. take a “study skills” course)? Should you be allocating more time to studying? Should you take fewer classes?

In this course we have used several different methods to try to stimulate learning: book reading, lecture, homework questions, articles and (maybe) videos discussing applications of economic theory, discussion with other students, preparation for quizzes/exams, learning portfolio assignments requiring you to identify economics in your life, and possibly tutoring and/or office hour. Reflecting on these experiences will provide you with useful information about who you are as a student, and what sorts of experiences maximize your ability to learn. So please relax for a minute, reflect on these various exercises, and comment on which you feel worked well for you, and which did not. How can you use this information to improve the likelihood you will succeed in future classes?

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Unit VI Essay

The Company used was Toyota Motors Corporation.

For this essay, use the same company you previously used, and analyze how the company has implemented a corporate strategy or a future policy rollout. Consider strategy development, and the implementation phase. In your essay, address the following questions.

· What are the stages of a corporation’s life cycle? How can a corporation’s life cycle be extended? What stage is your company in?

· What is strategy implementation? What questions must strategy makers consider to begin the implementation process?

· It is important to assess the strategy-culture compatibility when implementing a new strategy. Do you think that culture follows strategy, or does strategy follow culture? In your response, use your company to illustrate your points. Justify your answer.

· What is Six Sigma? Why would a company want to implement it?

Your essay should be two to three pages in length, double-spaced, and in 12 pt. Times New Roman font. The title and reference pages do not count towards the minimum page length. To complete this assignment, a minimum of two reputable sources must be used, cited, and referenced. At least one reference must come from the CSU Online Library. Use APA style guidelines

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What is strategy implementation?

Unit VI Essay

The Company used was Toyota Motors Corporation.

For this essay, use the same company you previously used, and analyze how the company has implemented a corporate strategy or a future policy rollout. Consider strategy development, and the implementation phase. In your essay, address the following questions.

· What are the stages of a corporation’s life cycle? How can a corporation’s life cycle be extended? What stage is your company in?

· What is strategy implementation? What questions must strategy makers consider to begin the implementation process?

· It is important to assess the strategy-culture compatibility when implementing a new strategy. Do you think that culture follows strategy, or does strategy follow culture? In your response, use your company to illustrate your points. Justify your answer.

· What is Six Sigma? Why would a company want to implement it?

Your essay should be two to three pages in length, double-spaced, and in 12 pt. Times New Roman font. The title and reference pages do not count towards the minimum page length. To complete this assignment, a minimum of two reputable sources must be used, cited, and referenced. At least one reference must come from the CSU Online Library. Use APA style guidelines

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