Use “Assignments Document” and Mock Interviews to complete this assignment.

Completing a Qualitative Study

This week will allow you to apply what you have been learning along with the information gathered for your 10 Strategic Points. You will use “mock” data to complete your study.

General Requirements:

  1. Use “Assignments Document” and Mock Interviews to complete this assignment.
  2. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
  3. Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center.
  4. You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

Directions:

  1. Code the data.
  2. Present the results in a table similar to Table 1 in Assignment Tables document.
  3. Create a codebook in a table similar to Table 2 in Assignment Tables document.
  4. Words or Phrases That Appear Frequently
  5. Create a table for each theme similar to Table 3 in Assignment Tables document.
  6. Inductively Developed Themes
  7. Write a report of the results. Include an introduction, discussion of your sample and instruments, data analysis, results, recommendations, and references.
  8. See complete directions in “Assignments Document.”
 

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Community Windshield Survey

Guidelines for Caring for Populations Milestone 1:

Community Windshield Survey

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to complete a direct observational assessment of a community in your area. This windshield survey will be the initial step in uncovering a community health problem in your area and identifying community dynamics. This problem will be further assessed in the following two assignments.

Course Outcomes

This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes.

CO2: Assess the health needs of individuals, families, aggregates, and communities using demographic and epidemiological data to identify population health risks. (PO 4)

Due Date

Submit to the appropriate basket in the Dropbox by 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday of Week 2.

Points: 150 points

Directions

1.  Download the NR443 Community Windshield Survey form from Doc Sharing. You will type your name and answers directly onto this Word document. Your form does not need to follow APA formatting; however, you are expected to use a professional writing style with complete sentences, accurate grammar, and correct spelling. If references are used, they must be cited in the text and the complete reference should be included in the reference box in APA format. References are optional.

2.  Watch Caring for Populations project overview and Milestone 1 tutorial by clicking this link. This tutorial is also available on Course Project page under Course Home as well as Week 2 Assignments page.

3.  Save the file by clicking Save as and adding your last name to the file name; for example, NR443 Windshield Survey Form_Smith.

4.  Submit the completed form to the Caring for Populations: Community Windshield Survey Dropbox by Sunday, 11:59 p.m. MT at the end of Week 2.

5.  Length: The completed form should be three to four pages in length (not including any optional references).

Guidelines

Below are the requirements needed for successful completion of the Windshield Survey Form.

1.  Introduction to the Community:Identify the community you will be using for this assignment with the city and state and provide a brief one paragraph description of the community. Your community should be the area where you live or the area surrounding your work setting. The community must include a residential area and be broad enough to answer the survey questions. You do not need demographic data.

2.  Windshield Survey: Assess your community by doing a windshield survey. Information about the components of a windshield survey is located in your textbook, Nies & McEwen (2015) on page 98 (Box 6-2). Drive through the area and report your observations by describing each of the following six areas using a majority of the questions from each category of Box 6-2 as your guide (one to two in depth paragraphs for each category). Be sure to include what you observed related to each of these categories, and also include any significant items that are missing in your community because this may be equally important in identifying a community health problem.

a.  Community vitality

b.  Indicators of social and economic conditions

c.  Health resources

d.  Environmental conditions related to health

e.  Social functioning

f.  Attitude toward healthcare

Note: It is helpful to conduct this assessment at least two different times: during the day or evening, on a weekday and/or on the weekend. If possible, plan on asking someone to drive during your survey so that you can take notes.

3.  Conclusion: Provide a summary of your findings. Describe significant community health problems based on your observations. The information gathered during the windshield survey should assist you to identify community health problems that will be further assessed in the next assignment.

4.  References: The purpose of this assignment is to document your observations of your community. Outside sources are not required. However, if sources are used, these sources must be cited within the form (Author, year) and listed in the reference section in APA format (see APA category in Course Resources for help with formatting).

Best Practices in Completing the Form

The following are best practices in preparing this project.

·  Make sure all elements of the form are included.

·  Review directions and grading rubric below thoroughly.

·  Cite any outside references as above (these are optional).

·  Use a professional writing style with complete sentences.

·  Proofread prior to final submission.

·  Check for spelling and grammar errors prior to final submission.

·  Abide by the Chamberlain academic integrity policy.

 

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Cultural preservation entails a situation where the nurse supports the use of scientifically sound cultural practices of care by their patients

Please write a Paragraph answering to this discussion below with your opinion. Please include citations and references in alphabetical order in case of another source.

To adequately meet the needs of patients with diverse backgrounds, nurses much use methods that are culturally competent. In 1991, Madeleine Leininger published the The Transcultural Nursing Theory, establishing approaches such as cultural preservation, cultural accommodation, cultural repatterning, and cultural brokering (Andrews & Boyle, 2008, p. 62).

  • Cultural preservation entails a situation where the nurse supports the use of scientifically sound cultural practices of care by their patients (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014, p. 78). An example would include agreeing to the use of acupuncture by a Chinese patient as an adjunct to pain management using conventional medicines such as opioid analgesics (Huber, 2009).
  • Cultural accommodation entails a situation where the nurse supports the use of cultural practices that have been shown as not harmful (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014, p. 78). For example, placing a table knife under the bed of a laboring woman to symbolically cut the pain (Smith, 2013). For African Americans in the Delta, alcohol or Vaseline rubs to the chest are utilized for comfort measures (Gunn & Davis, 2011). Within cultural accommodation, these acts would be supported if not contraindicated in the patient’s care.
  • Cultural repatterning entails a nurse working in collaboration with a patient towards helping them change cultural practices that are considered harmful (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014, p. 78).

In case, when a pregnant Muslim patient intends to fast during the month of Ramadan, but is unaware of the negative impact that it would have upon her and her pregnancy (Wintz & Cooper, 2009, p. 28).

  • Cultural brokering utilizes negotiating between the patient’s culture and biomedical healthcare to ensure that the care is used together as culturally competent (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014, p. 79).

Community health nurses need to utilize various cultural competence strategies in ensuring that they effectively deliver health care services that are able to meet the individual needs of their patients. Such strategies help community nursing in improving the health outcomes and quality of care provided by the nurse (Betancourt, et.al, 2016). Theses methods also help in the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities and boundaries that may hinder effective delivery of care. Consequently, the nurse is able to develop and cultivate patient trust, understanding and respect that help significantly in ensuring the realization of the best health outcomes. In achieving the above, community nurses can use a number of approaches such as cultural preservation, cultural accommodation, cultural repatterning, and cultural brokering. Possible barriers in the utilization of the above strategies would be attributed to conflicts arising from different cultures, languages, and beliefs. For example, in the instance of persuading a patient to stop taking a herb that has been used for many years by their native community would be seen as insensitive and rude by the patient.

  • Andrews, M. M., & Boyle, J. S. (2008). Transcultural concepts in nursing care (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health.
 

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Describe the role of the nurse in end-of-life decision making with patients and their families.

Assessment Instructions

Your manager asked you to prepare an article for a community newsletter for a local retirement village. The editor wants you to talk about the laws, policies, and choices surrounding end-of-life health care decisions

PREPARATION

Search the Capella library and the Internet for scholarly and professional peer-reviewed articles on end-of-life care. You will need at least three articles to use as support for your work on this assessment.

DIRECTIONS

Write an article of 750–1,000 words (3–4 pages) that discusses the laws, policies, and choices surrounding end-of-life health care decisions. Address the following in your article:

  • Describe the role of the nurse in end-of-life decision making with patients and their families.
  • Explain the legislation that generated end-of-life health care policies. Was the legislation an outcome of a specific medical case?
  • Identify the primary policies regarding current health care practices related to end-of-life health care decisions. How to these policies affect treatment decisions?
  • Explain the effect of end-of-life regulations and controls on patient outcomes. What effect does this have on the nurse-patient relationship?
  • Describe the ethical considerations that have influenced policy decisions in regard to end-of-life decisions.

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Your article should meet the following requirements:

  • Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
  • References: Cite a minimum of three resources; a majority of these should be peer-reviewed sources. Your reference list should be appropriate to the body of literature available on this topic that has been published in the past 5 years.
  • APA format: Resources and citations should be formatted according to current APA style and formatting.
  • Length: 750–1,000 words or 3–4 typed, double-spaced pages, excluding title page and reference page. Use Microsoft Word to complete the assessment.
  • Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12-point.
Suggested Library Resources

The following e-books or articles from the Capella University Library are linked directly in this course:

  • Norlander, L. (2014). To comfort always: A nurse’s guide to end-of-life care (2nd ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International.
  • Hebert, K., Moore, H., & Rooney, J. (2011). The nurse advocate in end-of-life care. The Ochsner Journal, 11(4), 325–329.
  • Lewis, K. (2013). How nurses can help ease patient transitions to end of life care. Nursing Older People, 25(8), 22–26.
  • Lund, S., Richardson, A., & May, C. (2015). Barriers to advance care planning at the end of life: An explanatory systematic review of implementation studies. PLoS One, 10(2).
  • Aoun, S., O’Connor, M., Skett, K., Deas, K., & Smith, J. (2012). Do models of care designed for terminally ill ‘home alone’ people improve their end-of-life experience? A patient perspective. Health & Social Care in the Community, 20(6), 599–606.
  • Nakano, K., Sato, K., Katayama, H., & Miyashita, M. (2013). Living with pleasure in daily life at the end of life: Recommended care strategy for cancer patients from the perspective of physicians and nurses. Palliative & Supportive Care, 11(5), 405–413.
  • Adams, J. A., Bailey, D. E., Jr., Anderson, R. A., & Docherty, S. L. (2011). Nursing roles and strategies in end-of-life decision making in acute care: A systematic review of the literature. Nursing Research and Practice, 2011.
Course Library Guide

A Capella University library guide has been created specifically for your use in this course. You are encouraged to refer to the resources in the BSN-FP4006 – Policy, Law, Ethics, and Regulations Library Guide to help direct your research.

Internet Resources

Access the following resources by clicking the links provided. Please note that URLs change frequently. Permissions for the following links have been either granted or deemed appropriate for educational use at the time of course publication.

  • American Nurses Association. (2016). Position statement: Nurses’ Roles and Responsibilities in Providing Care and Support at the End of Life. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/~4adf1c/globalassets/…
 

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Fringe benefits are to be calculated at 30% of annual salary

Develop the annual budgets (i.e. personnel, operational, and capital) for the newly created UHS HIM department. Utilizing the information in HIT 266 FINAL PROJECT INTRODUCTION document (bottom of Module 2 page), provide a brief written description of the combined budget. Be sure to include the rationale for additional expenses and/or reduction in expenses. Budgeting assumptions include:

o Fringe benefits are to be calculated at 30% of annual salary

o A 2% merit raise should be budgeted that will go into effect on July 1, 20XX.

o UHS has a “no overtime” policy. Therefore, overtime should not be budgeted.

o The additional space allotted to the UHS HIM Department on the University Hospital campus requires renovation at a cost of $27,000. Due to other priorities, the renovation will not be able to take place until after December 31, 20XX. Therefore, the cost of the renovation will need to be included in the capital budget.

o A completed capital expenditure approval form must be submitted for the renovation discussed above

 

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Planned Change in a Department or Unit

Assignment: Application: Planned Change
in a Department or Unit

Health care organizations are continuously immersed in change from the emergence of new policies, to promote quality care and improve patient safety to keeping pace with the rapid growth in knowledge and best practices. Establishing a solid framework for planning and implementing change is a wise move, as it provides a foundation for the extensive coordination that will be needed to successfully facilitate the change.

For this Assignment, you propose a change at the department or unit level and develop a plan for guiding the change effort.

To prepare:

  • Review Chapter 8 in the course text. Focus on Kurt Lewin’s change theory, and contrast it with other classic change models and strategies.
  • Reflect on problems, inefficiencies, and critical issues within a specific department, unit, or area in your organization or one with which you are familiar. Select one issue as a focal point for this assignment, and consider a change that could be made to address the issue.
  • Think about how the change would align with the organization’s mission, vision, and values as well as relevant professional standards.
  • Using one of the change models or strategies discussed in Chapter 8, begin formulating a plan for implementing the change within the department/unit. Outline the steps that you and/or others should follow to facilitate the change effort. Align these steps to the change model or strategy you selected.
  • Determine who should be involved in initiating and managing the change. Consider the skills and characteristics that are necessary to facilitate this change effort.

To complete:

BY DAY 7

Write a 3- to 5-page paper (page count does not include title and reference page) that addresses the following:

  • Identify a problem, inefficiency, or issue within a specific department/unit.
  • Describe a specific, realistic change that could be made to address the issue.
  • Summarize how the change would align with the organization’s mission, vision, and values as well as relevant professional standards.
  • Identify a change model or strategy to guide your planning for implementing the change. Provide a rationale for your selection.
  • Outline the steps that you and/or others would follow to facilitate the change. Align these steps to your selected change model or strategy.
  • Explain who would be involved in initiating and managing this change. Describe the skills and characteristics that would be necessary to facilitate the change effort.

REQUIRED READINGS

Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2015). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.

  • Review Chapter 7, “Strategic and Operational Planning”
  • Chapter 8, “Planned Change”This chapter explores methods for facilitating change and the theoretical underpinnings of implementing effective change

McAlearney, A., Terris, D., Hardacre, J., Spurgeon, P. Brown, C., Baumgart, A., Nyström, M. (2014). Organizational coherence in health care organizations: Conceptual guidance to facilitate quality improvement and organizational change. Quality Management in Health Care, 23(4), 254–267 doi: 10.1097/QMH.0b013e31828bc37d
An international group of investigators explored the issues of organizational culture and Quality Improvement (QI) in different health care contexts and settings. The aim of the research was to examine if a core set of organizational cultural attributes are associated with successful QI systems.

Mitchell, G. (2013). Selecting the best theory to implement planned change. Nursing Management – UK20(1), 32–37. doi: 10.7748/nm2013.04.20.1.32.e1013
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Shirey, M. R. (2013). Lewin’s Theory of Planned Change as a strategic resource. The Journal of Nursing Administration43(2), 69–72. doi:10.1097/NNA.0b013e31827f20a9
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

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Please do a paragraph about this post with this instruction .

post most have 4 or more sentences .

you also have to have a high quality post from a content perspective. This means it also needs to do more than agree with or praise a class mate. If you agree with a classmate, explain why, give an example, share what you learned in the readings, ask questions of each other, etc

The passage of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) initiated the transformation of the United States health care system. The ACA fosters a preventive health care model that emphasizes primary care, funds community health initiatives, and promotes quality care. These changes increase the need for well-prepared health care professionals” (Lathrop, B., & Hodnicki, D., 2014).

“ACA provisions offer a promising future for primary care and prevention services but will yield little tangible success without adequate funding, knowledgeable implementation of the provisions, and an increased number of primary care providers to meet the expanding numbers of persons seeking primary care and prevention services. The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) nurse has the educational preparation to play an essential role in supporting and leading this transformation of health care to improve health care outcomes” (Lathrop, B., & Hodnicki, D., 2014).

“With the implementation of the ACA, the health care system will experience an influx of patients with complex medical needs, thus increasing the demand for clinicians who can meet these needs. DNP and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) are increasingly available and prepared to address these needs as expert health care providers. Most newly insured patients will access care through primary care clinics that are already experiencing a shortage of providers. Only 30% of U.S. physicians practice in primary care and only about 25% of current medical school graduates plan careers in primary care. The Agency for Health Care Research and Quality has estimated that among nurse practitioners (NPs), 52% of all NPs were providing primary care in 2010” (Lathrop, B., & Hodnicki, D., 2014).

“ACA also authorizes grants for community-based, prevention programs (Community Transformation Grants), work-based wellness programs, and school-based health centers. DNP nurses have the advanced education necessary to design, implement, and evaluate such programs. They can combine their high level clinical expertise and increased leadership competencies to create new, community health initiatives. New ACA funding for work-based wellness programs and school-based health centers provides nursing entrepreneurs new opportunities for clinical practice” (Lathrop, B., & Hodnicki, D., 2014).

“Now is the time for nurses to address legal restrictions and other professional barriers that limit their ability to perform within the full scope of practice for which they are prepared. The ACA offers vast opportunities for DNP nurse leadership in health care restructuring, improving direct patient care, creating innovative programmatic development, and providing political advocacy. However, barriers threaten to prevent the full realization of DNP leadership potential in health care reform” (Lathrop, B., & Hodnicki, D., 2014).

This will not effect my practice in any way, but I am very excited to expand my education to participate in the future of the nursing practice.

 

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What nursing interventions are appropriate for Mrs. J. at the time of her admission?

please read the peers discussions and respond to them APA format with reference

Discussion 1

Mrs. J. is already diagnosed with congestive heart failure, which occurs in association with other cardiac disorders from a number of different causes (Copstead & Banasik, 2012). Heart failure is the inability of the heart to maintain sufficient cardiac output to optimally meet metabolic demands of tissues and organs and this results in the end stage of most cardiac diseases.

Nursing interventions that are appropriate to Mrs. J. at the time of admission. Considering the clinical manifestations that this patient is presenting with, she is quite sick and the first issue to be addressed is her airway and oxygenation saturation to ensure that she is receiving enough oxygen to the brain and all other parts of the body. She will need to be placed in bed, made comfortable and given reassurance because she is anxious, worried and asking whether she is going to die. Reassurance and company with a staff is important. Her respiratory rate is rapid (34), Blood pressure is 90/58 so intravenous fluids will not be recommended because she has congestive heart failure however, because she is also put on intravenous Lasix, she may need limited intravenous fluids sparingly. She has palpitations with a heart rate of 118. Mrs. J. will be placed in a room that is close to the nurses’ station and full of light because she scared and will need to be watched closely.

Mrs. J. will need a 12 lead EKG after she has been placed in bed, IV access placed, full blood work chemistry and urine collected, a chest x-ray ordered because she is complaining of not getting enough air. Blood cultures will be collected for because she may be having infection as she Pharyngitis. She will also need Arterial blood gas analysis to determine the oxygenation in her blood stream. She is also reported to be anxious, and morphine injection is ordered which helps to calm her down and also helps decrease the heart demand for oxygen. Mrs. J. will need to be given supplementary oxygen because she is complaining of not getting enough air and reassurance continued. Gradually as her condition improves, education about smoking will discussed as a way of helping towards improvement and may be an alternative for smoking such as use of nicotine patch.

The rationale for giving intravenous furosemide (Lasix) is to help in diuresis since she has fluid overload as evidenced by peripheral edema (1+). Enalapril (Vasotec) is given because it is an ACE inhibitor (angiotensin converting enzyme), which helps by blocking a substance in the body that causes the blood vessels to tighten, and as a result, enalapril releases the blood vessels, which lowers the blood pressure and increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that is given because it affects the heart and circulation and is used mostly in hypertensive patients and patients with irregular heartbeats as already noted in Ms. J. With a ventricular rate of 132 and arterial fibrillation. Morphine administration decreases the hear demand for oxygen and also as a sedative for the patient.

Four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to heart failure and what can be done in the form of medical/nursing interventions to prevent the development of heart failure in each condition. One of the conditions is Coronary heart disease which is a waxy substance called plague that build inside the coronary arteries and it causes narrowing of the arteries (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, n.d.) thus reducing the flow to the hear muscles and the build- up also makes it more likely that blood clots in the arteries. This can be prevent by taking a healthy diet that low in cholesterol, exercising and also by having regular medical checkups and observing the weight gain to ensure this is controlled.

Arrhythmias occurs when there change of the heart rates or rhythm of the heart and can be due to some beverages like caffeine and drugs like cocaine, amphetamines and marijuana. Education to those who are prone or predisposed to those drugs is the nursing intervention and creating awareness and effects of those substances.

Myocarditis which is the inflammation of the heart muscles can result from infections such as sore throat and other infections. Nursing education for effective treatment and taking of antibiotics is important and those that fall sick need to seek medical attention.

Hypertension will need to be treated and ensure that patients with hypertension take their medications and measure their blood pressure regularly and also minimize consumption of fatty and salty foods, Exercising daily even simple walking for 30 minutes can be helpful.

Taking into consideration the fact that most mature adults take at least six prescription medications, four nursing interventions that can help prevent problems caused by multiple interactions in older patients can be: Clear education and information about medications. Medications need to be accurately listed and there is need to discuss the dosages and the frequency of taking medications. If the patient cannot read, a family member needs to be educated on the medications the patient is taking to ensure proper supervision. Patients need to be informed why they are taking the medications and also and the danger to take an overdose.

“Polypharmacy refers to the effects of taking multiple medications concurrently to manage coexisting health problems” (Woodruff, 2010). Patients taking many medications need special containers which are clearly labeled with the frequency and times that the medication needs to be taken. Patients will clearly need supervision of the medications they are taking. Patients need to be aware not to share medications and also store medications in a secure dry area away from light to prevent decomposition and loss of potency. Old medications and expired drugs should be disposed.

Color coding of different medications is very important as the patient will keep a memory of the color codes. Most important, physicians and health providers should minimize the number of prescription drugs for older adults and keep dosing schedules simple and also avoid change of medications frequently if possible. Also use of single medicines for the illness than prescribing multiple medications for the same illness or condition.

Reference

Copstead, L.C. & Banasik, J.L. (2012). Pathophysiology (5th ed.). St. Louis; MO.Retrieved from http://evolve.elsvier.com/Copstead

National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. (n.d.). Heart failure. Retrieved from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/heart-fail…

Woodruff, K. (2010). Preventing polypharmacy in older adults. American Nurse Today. 5 (10), 1-7, Retrieved from https://www.americannursetoday.com/preventing-poly…

Disccussion 2

  1. What nursing interventions are appropriate for Mrs. J. at the time of her admission?

At time of Admission Mrs. J requires intervention for her breathing. Not only does Mrs. J feel that she cannot get enough oxygen, she reports feeling weak, and extremely anxious, which is all signs of poor oxygenation. With a SpO2 of 82% Mrs. J requires supplemental oxygen. Mrs. J also has blood tinged, frothy sputum which is a sign of pulmonary edema (pulmonary edema, 2018). Along with the decreased breath sounds, pulmonary crackles Mrs. J is not only starting respiratory failure she is also experiencing left sided heart failure and the build up of fluids. Mrs. J needs Lasix to help her body start to get rid of the excess fluid in her system. With a prolonged period without the proper amount of oxygen in the body Mrs. J heart could suffer the consequence. “When metabolic demand for oxygen exceeds supply, the myocardium becomes ischemic, which leads to a dysfunction in cardiac pumping and predisposes to abnormal heart rhythms. If the ischemic episode is severe or prolonged, irreversible damage to myocardial cells may result in MI” (Copstead-Kirkhorn. (2010) page 429)

Mrs. J should get an EKG if it was not already done in the Emergency room to get a good look at the heart. With atrial fibrillation Mrs. J has an increase risk for experiencing a stroke. When listening to the heart S3 sounds are present. S3 sounds could indicate ventricular failure. “The third heart sound (S3), when audible, occurs early in ventricular filling, and may represent tensing of the chordae tendineae and the atrioventricular ring, which is the connective tissue supporting the AV valve leaflets. This sound is normal in children, but when heard in adults it is often associated with ventricular dilation as occurs in systolic ventricular failure” (Heart Sounds, para 3).

Mrs. J has been not taking care of herself for a while and finds herself critically ill. She is feeling anxious due to not being able to breath properly, due to hospitalization, and fear of the unknown. Nurses should do their best to explain everything that they are doing to Mrs. J. short, simple explanations can help a patient feel more at ease about the situation, and put trust in the health care staff caring for them.

  1. Drug therapy is started for Mrs. J. to control her symptoms. What is the rationale for the administration of each of the following medications?
  2. IV furosemide (Lasix): Promotes diuresis and the excretion of excess fluid. Used with heart failure patients and with hepatic impairment. We know due to the jugular vein distention, crackles in lungs, pulmonary edema, and other signs and symptoms Mrs. J has that she has excess fluid in her body that her body is unable to get rid of on its own. Lasix helps excrete the fluid. Although the main concerns we were looking at is heart failure, it is indicated that Mrs. J has hepatomegaly, so she may have issues with her liver as well. (Vallerand, Sanoski, & Deglin, 2017)
  3. Enalapril (Vasotec): An ACE inhibitor used in the management of hypertension in patients with heart failure. This medication is used because of Mrs. J’s comorbidities and due to her having heart failure signs and symptoms. (Vallerand, Sanoski, & Deglin, 2017)
  4. Metoprolol (Lopressor): Beta blocker that is used in combination with ACE inhibitors for management of hypertension and is used in patients with heart failure. “Indications Hypertension. Angina pectoris. Prevention of MI and decreased mortality in patients with recent MI. Management of stable, symptomatic (class II or III) heart failure due to ischemic, hypertensive or cardiomyopathc origin (may be used with ACE inhibitors, diuretics and/or digoxin; Toprol XL only)” (Vallerand, Sanoski, & Deglin, 2017).
  5. IV morphine sulphate (Morphine): an opioid analgesic that is usually used for pain. However, morphine can also be used for pulmonary edema. Morphine also helps anxiety and reduces oxygen demand. (Vallerand, Sanoski, & Deglin, 2017).
  6. Describe four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to heart failure and what can be done in the form of medical/nursing interventions to prevent the development of heart failure in each condition.

1.Atherosclerosis: “Atherosclerosis causes progressive narrowing of the arterial lumen and predisposes to a number of processes that can precipitate myocardial ischemia, including thrombus formation, coronary vasospasm, and endothelial cell dysfunction” (Copstead-Kirkhorn. (2010) page 429) Medications that help with atherosclerosis is statins, aspirin, and angiotensin inhibitors. Nursing interventions include: assisting with smoking cessation, control of diabetes, and dietary changes to promote healthier lifestyle.

2. hypertension: patients should take prescribed blood pressure medication and follow up with primary doctor to determine effectiveness. Nursing interventions include, smoking cessation, instructions on taking medication, and exercise.

3. cardiomyopathy: is enlargement of the heart from infections or drug and alcohol abuse. (“Congestive Heart Failure and Heart Disease”, 2018). Nurses can assist patients in getting rehab for drug addiction and teach a sober lifestyle.

4. valve disease: can increase the work load of the heart which can increase risk for heart failure. (“Congestive Heart Failure and Heart Disease”, 2018) nurses should teach patients to lead active healthy lifestyle and to look for signs and symptoms of heart failure like swelling, and report to primary doctor as soon as signs begin.

  1. Taking into consideration the fact that most mature adults take at least six prescription medications, discuss four nursing interventions that can help prevent problems caused by multiple drug interactions in older patients. Provide rationale for each of the interventions you recommend.
  2. Nurses should assist patients in organizing. Many times, when patients have a lot of medication it is easy to forget to take medication, or can not remember if they took the medication, and they take it again accidently double dosing themselves. Getting a medication organizer can reduce these errors and help patients take their medication as appropriate. (“Preventing polypharmacy in older adults”, 2017)
  3. Technology has greatly assisted in checking for drug interactions. “Advances in information technology, such as electronic prescribing, electronic medical records, and electronic laboratory records, are innovative ways to decrease the risk of adverse drug reactions and interactions” (“Preventing polypharmacy in older adults”, 2017)
  4. Limiting health care providers could help in the safety of medication. When a patient sees a new doctor, they should provide a detailed list of all medications and supplements they are taking. The patient should inform their primary doctor of any medication changes the new doctor wishes to make before implementing the change. (“Preventing polypharmacy in older adults”, 2017)
  5. Nurses should teach patients about any dietary restrictions that their medication requires, and nurses should teach potential side affects so the patient knows what to expect and when to seek emergency care. “Inform patients of any dietary restrictions necessitated by a specific medication. During healthcare appointments, teach the patient about potential side effects, including when to call the clinic or go to the emergency room” (“Preventing polypharmacy in older adults”, 2017)

Reference

Copstead-Kirkhorn. (2010). Pathophysiology, 4th Edition. [Pageburstl]. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978141605…

Congestive Heart Failure and Heart Disease. (n.d.). Retrieved June 19, 2018, from https://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide-heart-fa…

Heart Sounds. (n.d.). Retrieved June 18, 2018, from http://www.cvphysiology.com/Heart Disease/HD010

Preventing polypharmacy in older adults. (2017, September 19). Retrieved June 19, 2018, from https://www.americannursetoday.com/preventing-poly…

Pulmonary edema: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved June 18, 2018, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000140.htm

Vallerand, A. H., Sanoski, C. A., & Deglin, J. H. (2017). Daviss drug guide for nurses. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. Retrieved June 18, 2018, from search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nrc&AN=2009535797&site=nrc-live.

Discussion 3

Mrs. J’ symptoms are typical of congestive heart failure (CHF), which occurs when the heart cannot provide adequate oxygenation or nutrients to the body. Her presenting symptoms at admission, as well as her cardiovascular and pulmonary findings are of left ventricular failure. Patients often appear anxious, have a productive cough, hypoxia, and an enlarged liver. Her tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension are all due to her state of decompensation. Her S3 present with a ventricular rate of 132 and atrial fibrillation are of concern as well.

The decreased cardiac output will be affecting vital organs. Mrs. J is already retaining fluid, thus the need for furosemide. Loop diuretics are used for the symptomatic relief of sodium and water retention. Beta-blockers (metoprolol), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been the main medical treatment of choice for CHF for decades. They work by neurohormonal suppression and reducing the ejection fraction (Oni-Orisan & Lanfear, 2014). Digoxin is another drug that could be used but at very low levels. Morphine is usually prescribed in the sickest patients, although recent literature shows it can cause some harm as well (Agewall, 2017). In this case, it was probably used for lowering her heart rate and respiratory rate, but it can also cause respiratory depression.

Acute MI, tachycardia, bradycardia, fluid and salt retention are some conditions that can lead to heart failure. Nurses and physicians must assess patients with these symptoms for any signs of knowledge deficit regarding the causes of their conditions and educate them on the importance of taking their medications as prescribed, to prevent further medical complications. Many of these patients face the issue of polypharmacy. In many cases, if the patient does not have enough money they may choose to take one drug over the other one. I had a patient that stopped taking his blood pressure medicine because at the last visit his BP was normal. I explained to him the reason it was normal it was because of the medication. The risk of drug interaction is one that the nurse should be aware of and be able to review the list of medications with the patient at each visit. She should recommend to the patient to always fill the prescriptions at the same pharmacy, so there is a record of all the medications taken for the pharmacist to be able to contact the prescriber of any drug interactions. The nurse, as a patient advocate, should assess for any financial, economic or social conditions that may keep the patient from taking the prescribed medications and follow-ups in the clinic.

References

Agewall, S. (2017, July, 2017). Morphine in acute heart failure. Journal of Thoracic Disease9(7), 1851-1854. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2017.06.129

Oni-Orisan, A., & Lanfear, D. (2014). Pharmacogenomics in heart failure: where are we now and how can we reach clinical application. Cardiology in Review22(5), 193-198. https://doi.org/10.1097/CRD.0000000000000028.

Discussion 4

The nursing interventions that are appropriate for Mrs. J at the time of her admission is to immediately get her hooked up to a continuous heart rate monitor, have her sit in a high fowler’s position to promote better respirations and keep her calm. It can be a scary thing being admitted to the hospital. Often times when a patient is first admitted, so many things are happening at once, nurses and other health care professionals forget to take a step back and see if the patient is okay, if they have any immediate questions, ease their fears and anxiety and just being a caring hand to hold.

The rationale for initiating IV Lasix is to eliminate the excess water in Mrs. J’s body. According to Ogbru (2018b), when Lasix is administered its function is to block the absorption of water, sodium and chloride by the body. By doing this there is a large increase in urine production. Mrs. J had pulmonary crackles and decreased breath sounds which could indicate she is fluid overloaded.

Vasotec was also initiated for Mrs. J to relieve the symptoms she was experiencing. Vasotec is an ACE Inhibitor. An ACE inhibitor stands for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor. These types of medications enlarge the blood vessels which allows the heart to pump blood easier and lower a person’s blood pressure (Ogbru, 2018a, What are ACE inhibitors and How Do They Work Section). Because Mrs. J is exhibiting signs of worsening heart failure, administering an ACE inhibitor such as Vasotec will allow her heart to pump the blood slower which will improve her hearts overall function.

Lopressor is a beta blocker. A beta blockers job is to block norepinephrine and epinephrine at their receptor sites (Kow & Ong, 2011). By doing this, Mrs. J’s increased heart rate will slow down which means that her heart will be beating with less force.

Morphine was also administered to Mrs. J. When people think of Morphine, they usually think of a narcotic that relieves pain. Although there are not many studies to support it fully, morphine can be given in the early stages of acute heart failure due to its sedative and also hemodynamic properties. Morphine can reduce the hearts oxygen demand by decreasing the preload and heart rate (Coons, McGraw, Murali, 2011, para. 1). Giving Morphine to Mrs. J will not only relax her in this tense and scary situation she is going through, it can also provide more oxygen to her heart by almost relaxing it.

There are many things that can contribute to a person having heart failure. Having coronary artery disease can lead to heart failure. Coronary artery disease is when the arteries of your heart have a build of up cholesterol. This means that less blood is able to flow through freely. This buildup in the arteries can lead to an increase in blood pressure which lead can lead to heart failure (American Heart Association, 2017). Being obese can also be a contributing factor. Because of the excess weight, it causes the heart to work harder compared to a non- obese person. Being a diabetic can also increase a person’s risk for developing heart failure. People who have diabetes, especially Type II diabetes, tend to be overweight, lack physical activity, have an increased cholesterol level and elevate blood pressures (American Heart Association, 2018). All of these things that accompany the diabetes increase a person’s risk greatly for heart disease. Hypertension is another cardiovascular condition that may eventually lead to heart failure. When a person’s pressure within their blood vessels remains high, it means that the heart is having to work much hard to pump the blood throughout the body. If it goes uncontrolled and not properly treated it can cause the chambers of the heart to become much weaker and larger, which then can increase your risk for heart failure (American Heart Association, 2017). Also, if someone has suffered a heart attack before has a much higher risk of developing heart failure compared to others. Having a heart attack damages the muscle tissues of the heart which means that the heart does not contract as easily as it did before making it pumping abilities weaken (American Heart Association, 2017).

To prevent heart failure in patients with each of these cardiovascular conditions the first nursing intervention that should be done is education. If a patient is not properly educated on the reasons they are being treated for the condition they have, on the medication they may be taking, signs and symptoms of heart failure, when they should seek medical attention, and what could happen if they do not treat their cardiovascular condition, it puts them at greater risk. In addition to education, for a person with coronary artery disease, ensuring that they are adhering to a proper diet that can reduce their cholesterol intake and making sure they are taking any medications that they are prescribed. For obesity, assisting with exercise regimens, referring them to support groups and education on consuming a healthy and well- balanced diet to help them to lose weight can decrease their risk of heart failure. For a diabetic patient, making sure that their blood sugars are well controlled, their following a proper diabetic diet, increasing their physical activity and taking their medication as ordered. Patients with Hypertension should check their blood pressure on a daily basis as well as their medication. Checking their blood pressure daily will ensure that they are on the proper medication, it is the right dose and their blood pressures are normotensive. Also, decreasing sodium intake and eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables and increasing physical activity can also decrease their blood pressure without the use of medications. All of these conditions also require that the patients are seeing their doctor on a regular basis and getting any lab tests done that are required.

As a person grows older, more health issues usually arise which means that the older you get, the more medications you are taking. This can sometimes be confusing for the older adult. They can get confused on when to take which pill, how many times a day, if they have to take the pills with food or should they be on an empty stomach, or if any of the medications have interactions with each other. A nursing intervention to prevent drug interactions is medication education. Providing detailed yet easy to understand education on the medication such as what that medication is for, common side effects, when to take it and what to not take it with. Another nursing intervention to go along with the first intervention is to keep an accurate list of each medication. This list should include both the generic names and any brand names it may have, a picture of what the medication looks likes, the purpose of it and the side effects. Keeping a list like this posted on a cabinet door or somewhere where the medications are stored allows the patient easy access to if and when there should be a question about the medication. Sometimes medication bottles can be confusing and the print on them is hard to read. Taking each medication and placing it in a new container labeled largely with the name of the medication, time it should be taken, and what to avoid taking it with on the top is a fool proof way for older patients to not miss taking a dose and avoid taking it the incorrect way. Lastly, another way to reduce the risk for drug interactions is to urge older patients not to share medications. Medications can be very costly. However, sharing medications between friends or family to save money may cost you in other ways. By not sharing medications with others you avoid the risk of overdosing, taking a medication that you are not prescribed, taking a medication that could interfere with another one you are already taking or taking a medication that you could have a allergic reaction to.

References:

American Heart Association. (2017, May 8). Causes of Heart Failure. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartFail…

American Heart Association. (2018, January 29). Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/Diab…

Coons, J. C., McGraw, M., & Murali, S. (2011). Pharmacotherapy for Acute Heart Failure Syndromes. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy,68(1), 21-35. Retrieved from https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/735149_8.

Kow, F. P., & Ong, H. T. (2011). Beta-blockers for heart failure: Why you should use them more. The Journal of Family Practice, 60(8), 472-477. Retrieved from https://www.mdedge.com/jfponline/article/64412/cardiology/beta-blockers-heart-failure-why-you-should-use-them-more.

Ogbru, O. (2018a). ACE Inhibitors Drug Class Side Effects, List of Names, Uses, and Dosage. Retrieved from https://www.medicinenet.com/ace_inhibitors/article…

Ogbru, O. (2018b). Furosemide. Retrieved from https://www.medicinenet.com/furosemide/article.htm…

Discussion 5

What nursing interventions are appropriate for Mrs. J. at the time of her admission? Drug therapy is started for Mrs. J. to control her symptoms. What is the rationale for the administration of each of the following medications?

  1. IV furosemide (Lasix)
  2. Enalapril (Vasotec)
  3. Metoprolol (Lopressor)
  4. IV morphine sulphate (Morphine)

Given the condition that Mrs. J. is suffering from, the best interventions that are appropriate at the time of her admission would include administration of oxygen thru intubation since she has difficulty in breathing, administration of diazepam or any anxiolytic which could allow the patient to relax and finally provide an antibiotic that would help her manage the respiratory infection specified by pharyngitis.

What is the rationale for the administration of each of the following medications?

IV furosemide (Lasix)

Administration of IV furosemide (Lasix) will help decrease extravascular volume by persuading diuresis therefore reducing preload and the work of the heart in pumping blood is decreased hence prevent progression of heart failure.

Enalapril (Vasotec)

Given that Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor), which prevents the constriction of blood vessels. As a result, it leads to the vasodilation of peripheral vessels preventing the prevalence of heart failure.

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

Despite being used as a beta-blocker which affects the heart and circulation (blood flow through arteries and veins), metoprolol is used in the treatment of angina (chest pain) and hypertension (high blood pressure). It can be used in this case to prevent possible cases of heart attack.

IV morphine sulphate (Morphine)

This drug belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid (narcotic) analgesics whose main role is management of pain.

Describe four cardiovascular conditions that may lead to heart failure

Different cardiovascular conditions exist that may lead to heart failure, for instance,

Coronary artery disease: This mainly lead to heart failure when cholesterol and fatty deposits build up in the heart’s arteries, limiting the amount of blood reaching the heart muscle. This build-up is known as atherosclerosis. The result may be chest pain (angina) or, if blood flow becomes totally obstructed, a heart attack.

Myocardial infarction: this can occur when an artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle gets blocked. The loss of oxygen and nutrients damages the heart’s muscle tissue – part of it essentially “dies.” The damaged heart tissue does not contract as well which weakens the heart’s ability to pump blood, hence, leading to heart failure.

High blood pressure (hypertension or HBP): this is a major risk factor for developing heart failure. When pressure in the blood vessels is too high, the heart has to pump harder than normal to keep the blood circulating. This takes a toll on the heart, and over time the chambers get larger and weaker; that can as a result lead to heart failure.

what can be done in the form of medical/nursing interventions to prevent the development of heart failure in each condition.

To prevent the occurrence of heart failure monitoring the blood pressure is important to prevent abnormal blood pressure hence overworking the heart. Monitoring the blood sugar can help prevent hypertension and atherosclerosis from leading to elevated lipid levels in the blood, the monitoring can also help prevent and decrease the blood sugar levels. Also, monitoring the levels of cholesterol can help reduce chances of getting coronary artery disease that can later lead to heart failure.

Taking into consideration the fact that most mature adults take at least six prescription medications, discuss four nursing interventions that can help prevent problems caused by multiple drug interactions in older patients. Provide rationale for each of the interventions you recommend

The nursing interventions that could help prevent problems caused by multiple drugs interactions in older patient include;

Maintaining an accurate list and record of all drugs administered to the patient. The process is important since it can help the physicians understand the medications they administered to the patient hence preventing addition of the same medications.

Patient education. This would include giving sufficient info to the patient to keep an updated status between the physician and the patient, hence helping to guide the patient on the right drug to use and at which period.

Also, helping the patient to manage their drugs by assigning a homecare nurse can ensure that the patient completes the drugs and disposes expired medications.

References

American Heart Association (2017). Causes of Heart Failure. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartFail…

McMurray, J. J., Adamopoulos, S., Anker, S. D., Auricchio, A., Böhm, M., Dickstein, K., … & Jaarsma, T. (2012). ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. European journal of heart failure14(8), 803-869.

MayoClinic (2017). Diseases and Conditions: Heart failure. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hea…

Discussion 6

In the event of Mrs. J it would be appropriate to say that her admission due to acute decompensated heart failure is due to her noncompliance of not taking her heart medications for 4 days and continuous smoking history. Although her diet is unknown it could also be an affect to her current condition. In congestive heart failure (CHF) there is a problem with the pumping of the heart making it difficult for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body and causing a backup flow of fluids to your lungs and body, (Health Line, 2018). In Mrs. J’s case her heart and blood medication are to help her keep her CHF controlled and when noncompliant along with other things like poor diet and exercise, it can cause acute heart failure, a worsening of her uncontrolled CHF, where new onset symptoms can arise, (Arrigo, Parissis, Akiyama, & Mebazaa, 2016). Which in Mrs. J’s case she has developed difficulty breathing, palpitations, and exhausted.

Upon admission the appropriate interventions for Mrs. J is to first to provide her oxygen supply due to her difficulty breathing and pulse oximetry of 82%. These signs indicate that she is not receiving enough oxygen on room air, therefore administering oxygen is appropriate. Sitting her up in high fowlers is also the appropriate intervention because she is experiencing fluid buildup, in other words retaining fluid, as evidence by pulmonary crackles, and decrease breath sounds. Laying her flat can create more fluid to backup into the lungs causing greater difficulty in breathing. Appropriate medications should be administered as well as a continuation of cardiac assessment, vital signs, and monitoring is essential for any changes in condition.

Medications like furosemide (Lasix) is administered to move fluid that is build up in the lungs and body out the body through urination. Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop-diuretic that acts on the kidneys to produce urine from the fluid buildup in the body which helps the excess fluid to be removed through urination and out of the body, (Health Line, 2018). In Mrs. J’s case it will help the fluid buildup in her lungs and body to be removed and help improve her condition.

Enalipril (Vasotec) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) that is used for blood pressure, and CHF. It helps the vessels to dilate so that blood can properly flow to your heart and body, therefore improving blood flow, (Health Line, 2018). In Mrs. J case Enalapril is given to help the blood flow so that the heart is able to pump more easily.

Metoprolol (Lopressor) is a beta-blocker that can reduce high blood pressure as well as rapid uncontrolled heart rate, therefore used to slow and control the heart rate to normal rate, (Health line, 2018). In Mrs. J’s case it given to control her rapid heart rate of 118 and irregularity.

Morphine is a an opioid that is used for pain, however reported to reduce preload, heart rate, and afterload and help dilate the vessels which in CHF is needed to help reduce the oxygen demand in the heart, it is also know to decrease anxiety and help relaxation for better breathing, (Coons, McGraw, Murali, 2011). In Mrs. J’s case she is having heart failure symptoms of her heart overworking causing her a rapid heart rate and difficulty breathing that is giving her anxiety. Morphine will her fell less anxious and decrease her feeling of not being able to breath.

There are many cardiovascular conditions that can lead to heart failure like hypertension, coronary artery disease, abnormal valves, and damage to the heart like cardiomyopathy or a previous heart attack.

Hypertension is known as high blood pressure. It is when the pressure in the heart is too high and has to puck harder than normal to get blood to flow causing an overwork on the heart, (American Heart Association, 2018). It is important that as a nurse the patient is educated on the importance of blood pressure control through exercise, diet, and medication compliance.

Coronary artery disease is due to high cholesterol in blood and plaque build-up in the arteries causing obstruction of blood flow which can lead to chest pain and heart attack causing heart failure, (American Heart Association, 2018). As a nurse education on a healthy diet and exercise is essential to control cholesterol. Medical interventions like cholesterol medications or if more serious cardio procedures like stenting of the heart is appropriate.

Abnormal Valves in the heart is a defect on the valves of the heart, a malfunction where they do not close or open properly causes the heart to overwork and over stress itself that eventually can result to heart failure, (American Heart Association, 2018). In this situation education about the heart valves and following up with a cardiologist is essential procedures to repair the defected heart valves.

Cardiomyopathy is an enlarged heart due to heart damage. The damage can be from drug use, birth defects, heart attack or unknown reasons, (American Heart Association, 2018). The appropriate interventions are to regularity follow up with a cardiologist, cardiac medications, and cardiac diet.

Polypharmacy is referred to the effects of too many drug administrations, (American Nurses Today, 2018). Many older adults take more than three prescription drugs due to multiple health issues, therefore medication management is very important to help prevent drug interactions, miss doses, or even drug overuse. As a nurse to help polypharmacy risk in patients from occurring it is important to discuss the medications with patients and the importance of having an up to date medication list of all prescription and over the counter medications, vitamins, herbal, doses, frequency, and reason (American Nurses Today, 2018). It is important that they keep the list updated and that they provide a copy to all care providers as well as use the same pharmacy for all prescriptions to avoid confusion. This is important to avoid duplication and drug interactions. It is important to teach the patient what each drug is for and what it does so that they have an understanding of why the drug is needed and important to take as directed. It is also important to teach them about abnormal signs when taking current or new medications, and when it is essential to report to a healthcare provider, this will help avoid any urgent or emergency situation, (American Nurses Today, 2018). For some older patients remembering to take medications and the purpose can be difficult to remember, therefore organizing daily medications by separating morning and night using a pill/medication organizer can help ,as well as teaching them the colors of each pill, (American Nurse Today, 2018). This will help avoid confusion and help remind them to take their pills daily.

References

American Heart Association. (2018). Causes of heart Failure. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartFail…

American Nurses Today. (2018). Preventing Polypharmacy in Older Patients. Retrieved from https://www.americannursetoday.com/preventing-poly…

Arrigo, M., Parissis, J., Akiyama, E., Mebazaa, A. (2016). Understanding acute heart failure: pathophysiology and diagnosis. European Heart Journal Supplements, Vol 18. Pg. G11-G18. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/eurheartjsupp/article/18/…

Coons, J., McGraw, M., Murali, Srinivas. (2011). Pharmacotherapy for Acute Heart Failure Syndromes. Retrieved from https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/735149_8

Health Line. (2018). What are the most common types of CHF?. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/congestive-heart…

 

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Completing a Qualitative Study

Question Description
Completing a Qualitative Study

This week will allow you to apply what you have been learning along with the information gathered for your 10 Strategic Points. You will use “mock” data to complete your study.

General Requirements:

Use “Assignments Document” and Mock Interviews to complete this assignment.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center.
You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.
Directions:

Code the data.
Present the results in a table similar to Table 1 in Assignment Tables document.
Create a codebook in a table similar to Table 2 in Assignment Tables document.
Words or Phrases That Appear Frequently
Create a table for each theme similar to Table 3 in Assignment Tables document.
Inductively Developed Themes
Write a report of the results. Include an introduction, discussion of your sample and instruments, data analysis, results, recommendations, and references.
See complete directions in “Assignments Document.”

 

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