Annotated Bibliography General Instructions

BUSI 682

Annotated Bibliography General Instructions

You will follow the specific instructions presented below under the “Annotated Bibliography Instructions and Topic List”. Because it is imperative as a project manager to understand the concepts related to project management topics, you will create an annotated bibliography. Your annotated bibliography should include at least 10 scholarly, empirical, current sources (within the last 3 years) that are directly related to your project management topic. Be sure that you select a variety of respected sources. Format the annotated bibliography in correct APA style.

Carefully review the rubric prior to submission of your assignment. Compare your submission to each specific category of the rubric.

Annotated Bibliography Instructions & Topic List

Module Week 1 (Annotated Bibliography 1 Instructions):

· You must identify the Top 5 Global Project Management Trends (within the last three years) and then develop an annotated bibliography that covers these trends. Each annotation must identify which trend the article is addressing.

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What ethical or legal parameters should the researchers have considered prior to distributing the trial drug at the health fair?

You attend a local health fair organized by several health care research companies. You notice that a company is distributing a trial drug to other attendees at one of the booths. When you approach one of the researchers, you are offered a waiver to sign for participation in the trial.

What ethical or legal parameters should the researchers have considered prior to distributing the trial drug at the health fair? If you were on the translational research team, what steps would you have taken to maintain ethical and legal guidelines? 250 words

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For Essays Guru –

Use the “Translational Research Graphic Organizer Template” (attached)to compare three types of translational research with traditional (qualitative or quantitative) research. Make sure to include methodology, goals, and data collection in your organizer.

You are required to cite three to five sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

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Chapter 10 and 12

Facility Layout

(Chapter 10)

Production & Operations Management

INFO 335-71

Week 3

2

Learning Objectives

Define layout planning and explain its importance

Identify and describe different types of layouts

Compare process layouts & product layouts

Describe the steps involved in designing a process layout

Describe the steps involved in designing a product

layout

Define the meaning of group technology (cell)

layouts

3

Types of Layouts

Four basic layout types:

• Process layouts – Group similar resources together based on similar processes/functions

• Product layouts – Designed to produce a specific product efficiently

• Hybrid layouts – Combine aspects of both process and product layouts

• Fixed-Position layouts – Product is too large to move; e.g. a building

4

Process vs. Product Layouts

Characteristic differences:

5

Designing Process Layouts

Step 1: Gather information: Space needed, space available, identify closeness

measures (From-to Matrix, REL, SLP)

Step 2: Develop alternative block plans: Using trial-and-error or decision support tools (load-

distance model, ALDEP, CRAFT)

Step 3: Develop a detailed layout: Consider exact sizes/shapes of departments and work

centers including aisles and stairways

Tools like drawings, 3-D models, and CAD software are available to facilitate this process

Load-Distance Model

6

Warehouse Layout

7

Warehouse Layout

8

Trips/block

9

Designing Product Layouts

Designing product layouts requires consideration of:

• Sequence of tasks to be performed by each workstation • Logical order • Speed considerations – line balancing

WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4

Work In-

process

Inventory

t t t t

Raw After

WS1

After

WS2

After

WS3

Finished

Product

10

Designing Product Layouts – cont’d

Step 1: Identify tasks & immediate predecessors

Step 2: Determine output rate

Step 3: Determine cycle time

Step 4: Compute the Theoretical Minimum number

of Stations

Step 5: Assign tasks to workstations

(balance the line)

Step 6: Compute efficiency, idle time &

balance delay

11

Step 1: Identify Tasks &

Immediate Predecessors

Example 10.4 Vicki’s Pizzeria and the Precedence Diagram

Immediate Task Time

Work Element Task Description Predecessor (seconds A Roll dough None 50

B Place on cardboard backing A 5

C Sprinkle cheese B 25

D Spread Sauce C 15

E Add pepperoni D 12

F Add sausage D 10

G Add mushrooms D 15

H Shrinkwrap pizza E,F,G 18

I Pack in box H 15

Total task time 165

Precedence Diagram

bottleneck

12

Step 2: Determine Output Rate

Output Rate is the number of units to be produced

over a specific period of time

• Vicki needs to produce 60 pizzas per hour

• Vicki will need to divide the work among a number of people simultaneously at workstations

The goal is to design a product layout that can

produce the desired number of units with the least

amount of work centers and a balance of workload

hourper pizzas 8.12 sec./unit 165

sec./hr. 3600 output Maximum ==

Minimum

13

Step 3: Determine Cycle Time

Determine cycle time calculations

• The amount of time each workstation is allowed to complete its tasks

• Limited by the bottleneck task (the longest task):

• Minimum cycle time = bottleneck (50 sec.) • Maximum cycle time = sum of the task times (165

sec.)

( ) ( )

sec./unit 60 units/hr 60

sec/min 60x min/hr 60

units/hroutput desired

sec./day time available )(sec./unit time Cycle ===

hourper pizzas 72 sec./unit 50

sec./hr. 3600 output Maximum ==

Seconds/hr

60 pizzas per hour

60 pizzas per 3600 seconds

1 pizza every 3600/60 = 60 seconds

14

Step 4: Theoretical Minimum

Number of Stations

Computing the theoretical minimum (TM) number of stations

• TM = number of stations needed to achieve 100% efficiency (every second is used)

• Always round up (no partial workstations) • Serves as a lower bound for our analysis

( ) stations 3or 2.75,

itseconds/un 60

itseconds/un 165

timecycle

task times TM ===

 Round it up

15

Step 5: Assign Tasks to

Workstations Assigning tasks to workstations (Balance the Line)

• Start at the first station & choose the longest eligible task following precedence relationships

• Continue adding the longest eligible task that fits without going over the desired cycle time

• When no additional tasks can be added within the desired cycle time, begin assigning tasks to the next workstation until finished

Workstation Eligible task Task Selected Task time Idle time

A A 50 10

B B 5 5

C C 25 35

D D 15 20

E, F, G G 15 5

E, F E 12 48

F F 10 38

H H 18 20

I I 15 5

1

2

3

WS1

WS2

WS3

16

Step 6: Efficiency and Balance

Delay

Computing efficiency and balance delay

• Efficiency (%) is the ratio of total productive time divided by total time

• Balance delay (%) is the amount by which the line falls short of 100%

( ) 91.7%100 sec. 60x stations 3

sec. 165

NC

t (%) Efficiency === 

8.3%91.7%100%delay Balance =−= (15/180)*100

17

Other Product Layout

Considerations

Shape of the line (S, U, O, L): • Share resources, enhance communication & visibility,

impact location of loading & unloading

Paced versus Un-paced lines • Paced lines use an automatically enforced cycle time • Un-paced has more autonomy; product may be

removed off assembly line

Number of Product Models produced • Single-model lines – one version of a product • Mixed-model lines – many versions of a product

© Wiley 2013 18

Group Technology

(CELL) Layouts

One of the most popular hybrid layouts uses Group Technology (GT) and a cellular layout

GT has the advantage of bringing the efficiencies of a product layout to a process layout environment

19

Problem – Facility Layout

•The items listed below are stored in a one-dock warehouse. How should the item areas be allocated to the warehouse layout below (assume all blocks are equal in area)?

Item Trips Area Needed (blocks) A 300 2 B 220 1 C 72 1 D 50 1 E 24 1

Dock

XYZ Company is designing a new product layout. It plans to use this

production line eight hours a day in order to meet a schedule of 50 units

per hour. The task necessary to produce this product are detailed in the

table below,

(a) Draw the precedence Diagram 3pt

(b) What is the required cycle time (seconds) in order to meet the

schedule? 2pts

(c) What is the minimum number of work stations needed to meet the

Schedule? 2pts

(d) Balance the line by assigning tasks to workstations 3pts20

Problem – Product Layout

Task Predecessor Time (seconds)

A – 50

B A 36

C B 26

D – 52

E C,D 70

F C,E 30

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