FOCUS ON MANAGEMENT’S TOP CONCERNS

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Discussion 1

It really depends what kind of relationship you have with your upper management. If they are very receptive to you and they have this “open door policy “then just go ahead and asked if they can spare a moment for you and present your case. If you don’t know your upper management or this is the first time that you are going to approach them, then it would be good to send them an e-mail asking for an audience or invite them over a lunch date then slowly suggest that you would like to discuss a project with them. If they agree then you have that ticket to discuss your plans.

When you are presenting your plan it would be good to remember these 6 simple guides when talking to upper management.

  1. FOCUS ON IMPACT, NOT PROCESS

One of the keys to successful upward communication is to emphasize outcomes rather than processes and background details. Focus on what they will get from your plan first then the details of your plan

  1. LOOK TO THE FUTURE, NOT THE PAST

Show off your vision of what’s ahead, not your ability to rationalize the past. Especially if your idea is new, you don’t have to discuss how you get your idea.

  1. KNOW YOUR NUMBERS

When you’re speaking seriously with high-level decision-makers, anecdotes and explanations aren’t enough. You need to have a strong grasp of the facts and data behind your claims; don’t just present useless numbers just get to the point of how much savings this idea of yours will affect the budget of any expected money that you will get from your plan

  1. AVOID BUSINESS IDIOMS

“Think outside the box.”, “Hit the nail on the head.”, “Run it up the flagpole.” What do these phrases have in common? Besides being cliché, they’re too informal, euphemistic, and empty of actual meaning. Every word counts; don’t waste your time on tired phraseology.

  1. GET TO THE POINT

Another key to successful upward communication is to get to the point immediately. Speak with precision and clarity. “Time is money” has become a cliché, but it’s true. The higher-level your listeners, the less patience they’ll have.

  1. FOCUS ON MANAGEMENT’S TOP CONCERNS

Don’t just use data for the sake of using data.

Communicating with upper management demands showing how your goals are aligned with the vision and priorities of your listeners–and subsequently the company’s. It’s great to have innovative ideas, but if they don’t square with the objectives of the people you’re speaking with, they won’t go very far. (Grant A, 2015)

Reference:

Grant, A. (2015, August 20). Your Guide To Communicating With Upper Management. Retrieved from https://www.fastcompany.com/3049998/your-guide-to-…

Discussion 2

The first thing I would do when I have found a way to make an improvement is gather data from an published trials with current literature that is supportive of the innovation. I would put together a visual presentation such as a power point presentation that would include any research information that is associated with my idea. Next, I would present the idea in a staff meeting to get my team members on board with the idea. If I get others on board with my idea it may go further because the idea will seem more realistic and be an example to those that may be resistant to new changes (Kowal, 2013). I would verbally present this information to them to make them aware of the importance of the projected change. I would then utilize the “CSR model” which is consistency, standardization, and reproducibility (Kowal, 2013). Finally, after the trial run, I would arrange a power point presentation with the stated problem, statistical research and trial run data. All tithe information would be presented with visual graphs and employee accounts of the experience to make my idea sound beneficial to the patients, staff and budget. Providing visuals and actual accounts from co-workers is helpful in influencing change.

Reference

Kowal, C. (2013, April 25). Implementing Changes for Better Patient Care. Retrieved from

https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Improving+Patient+Care…

Discussion 3

According to paramount scholars such as Riley (n.p.), communication entails transmitting information from one person or a group to another. It plays an integral role in the daily endeavors of any organization. As such, it can be used to motivate, direct, convince, organize, and inform. Therefore, practitioners should have excellent communication skills for them to improve quality of healthcare facilities. This paper seeks to expound on the communication tool that I would deploy to present my idea of improving patient care to the top management for them to fund and support it.

Initially, before presenting my idea to the top executives, I would do comprehensive research on the proposal. The study will aid me with more knowledge about the idea. Additionally, I would discuss my plan with my colleagues and some patients. The coworkers might have some opinions that could help me modify and improve my proposal (Huber n.p.). Consequently, since the idea is intended to improve patient care, it would be crucial to discuss the project with patients and consider their opinions on the same. After conducting the research, I would summarize my idea to make it simple and clear. Moreover, comprehensive study on the proposal will give me the confidence to present it to the management. In the rear, I would make sure that my idea is in alignment with the vision of the top executives.

Remarkably, there are various communications tools that practitioners can use to present their ideas to the top management. As such, they can be in the form of verbal or written communication. Initially, I would use written communication. In this case, emails would be most useful. Emails are very fast in passing information from one person to another. Information sent via emails can reach a large number of people, regardless of where they are (Koivunen et al. 629). Additionally, emails will enable me to send detailed information to the executives.

Notably, after sending the emails to the executives, it is beyond reasonable doubts that they will be having questions on the proposal and at the same time, they might need clarification on some issues. In this case, I would request the top executives arrange a meeting so that I can clarify the issues. During the gathering, I would deploy oral communication accompanied by some visual tools such as a power point presentation. I would design the power point in a way that it is more appealing to the executives. Besides, using power point presentation would be crucial because the voluminous information is compressed to reduced and precise points.

Concurrently, during the meeting, I would explain to the management the need and purpose of the idea, how the plan will improve patient care and at the same time clarify its benefits to the hospital. Additionally, it would be imperative to outline the resources that are needed in the implementation of the idea. I would also request the top executives to support my ideas concerning funds. After my presentation, I would give the members a chance to ask questions. I would respond to the queries confidently so that the management would support my idea. In the rear, using the above communication tools would convince the top management to support and fund my idea of improving patient care. In conclusion, it is imperative for nurses to be familiar with communication tools and the appropriate time to use them. Proper communication enables the practitioners to be more competent in their career and at the same time advance healthcare.

Reference

Huber, Diane. Leadership and Nursing Care Management-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2017.

Koivunen, Marita, Anne Niemi, and Maija Hupli. “The use of electronic devices for communication with colleagues and other healthcare professionals–nursing professionals’ perspectives.” Journal of advanced nursing 71.3 (2015): 620-631.

Riley, Julia Balzer. Communication in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2015.

Discussion 4

A leaders ability to effectively communicate ideas through clear, direct, straightforward communications tool is essential. There are three important elements that must be included in creating and fostering effective communication; which are trust, respect, and empathy (Huber, 2014). In healthcare, there are various issues on the topics of patient care, and it seems there is never enough time to solve each issue without dealing with opposing forces. Problem-solving skills are essential to leadership, and the goal is always to minimize the occurrence of ongoing problems that may affect patient care. This means that a leader must develop a plan to tackle the issue head-on and present this to the upper management for review and support. The major obstacle that leaders find when attempting to make a difference is the lack of budget and resources and many circumstances that make it harder for productivity. But a good leader must be optimistic and have a clear vision of the solution. The issue must never be viewed as a distraction but rather as an opportunity for continuous improvement.

The first step to solving any problem is to conduct a research on the ongoing issue and share the problem with other team members to get feedback. Evidence-based research is essential in presenting a solution to an existing problem (Huber, 2014). The vision must be clear, and transparent communication is necessary; where everyone concerns and point of view are freely expressed and understood. Once the plan or vision is identified, the leader can analyze the situation by using the SWOT analysis and establish goals. In the vision the leader must set the objectives and display the cost and timeline in achieving the objective goals. All of these factors must be clear before presenting this to the upper management in order to give a clear view of the issue and strategic solutions (Huber, 2014). A written communication tool is necessary to present the idea clearly. This includes a detailed written proposal that communicates the problem/purpose, benefit, cost or budget justification and methods of evaluations. Next, the leader can incorporate visual communication which includes graphs, brochures, powerpoint presentations, and videos during the presentation of the vision. Once the the project is approved and test trials have begun, the project has to be evaluated and improved during the within the timeline goal.

Reference

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and Management Principles. Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition. [Pageburstl]. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978145574…

Discussion 5

Communication is a key tool to use when the goal is to see a change. There are several ways that information can be delivered; however, there are specific communication strategies that work best, with certain scenarios. Messages to share with upper management can include sharing-evidence based practice, missions and values, and plans (Cullen, Dawson, Hanrahan, & Dole, 2014). The best way to communicate with upper management is through meeting. At meetings, several individuals can meet in one room, and have an open discussion about specific topics. If for example, the topic was decreasing pressure ulcers in developmentally delayed children, the person running the meeting could present facts, use evidence-based practice, and a plan. Such topics could be discussed over a power point presentation. With the power point, pictures and videos may be shown. If there are facts to be shown, then the numbers can be emphasized by using bold font with a different color. For this reason, I would go with a power point presentation as I could incorporate sound, images, words, and numbers, all in one presentation. Also, to guide the presentation, handouts can also be used to identify which points will be discussed. When ideas are presented in a simple manner, it could be easier for everyone to understand and add their input.

Reference

Cullen, L., Dawson, C. J., Hanrahan, K., & Dole, N. (2014). Evidence-Based Practice: Strategies for Nursing Leaders. Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 5th Edition. [Pageburstl]. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978145574…

Discussion 6

To try to get upper management to support and fund an initiative which the I believe would improve patient care, the communication tools this I prefer to use is persuasion. Persuasion is a deliberate attempt to change the thoughts or behaviors of another person, (Huber, 2010). People in general are very reluctant to allocate resources to an initiative if: 1) The information presented does not address an issue which fits in with the organization’s mission and vision, and 2) The information is not clear and concise. As one who would be presenting this information to upper management, I would first have to show what the underlying issue is and how my initiative would benefit the organization, if implemented. Showing data regarding how patient care in a specific area is lacking, providing data on success stories with other institutions implementing the proposed initiative, providing data on a pilot study being performed in the unit, are all ways one can persuade upper management to support and fund the program.

Huber, D., (2010). Leadership and Nursing Care Management, 4th Edition. Iowa: Elsevier

 

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Clinical informatics

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Post a thoughtful response to at least two (2) other colleagues’ initial postings. Responses to colleagues should be supportive and helpful (examples of an acceptable comment are: “This is interesting – in my practice, we treated or resolved (diagnosis or issue) with (x, y, z meds, theory, management principle) and according to the literature…” and add supportive reference. Avoid comments such as “I agree” or “good comment.”

References:

Response posts: Minimum of one (1) total reference: one (1) from peer-reviewed or course materials reference per response.
Words Limits

Response posts: Minimum 100 words excluding references.

Discussion 1

This week the discussion is focused on information and data that is utilized in everyday clinical practice. Those of us that practice today and are relatively new nurses may not be completely aware of how much informatics has created and affected daily life for many clinical providers especially when it comes to electronic health records. Years ago, electronic health records weren’t commonly used in some facilities and in this day and age it can be hard to believe. This post will look a little closer into informatics as well as the implementation of the electronic health record that is so heavily used today.

Informatics is a large part of health care and for that reason there will be a closer look placed into informatics and more specifically clinical informatics. Informatics is generally related to the information system that is set up to receive information online to make things easier to locate. Essentially informatics is the science of information and can also be known to a degree as information technology or IT (Aston, 2014). There are those in the clinical setting that are directly responsible for managing informatics and help to manage the process of easing providers in better understanding the system and the electronic health records (Aston, 2014). Clinical informatics are related more specifically to information around health technologies versus general informatics which is related to various innovations in technology that has created large databases that becomes more easily accessible every day (Huber, 2014).

Clinical informatics can generate a lot of positivity for patient care within an organization. One recent example of clinical informatic within the unit that I work in is the initiating of allowing patients to receive some access to their health record. The access that the patient can gain is through an iPad used during their stay that can allow them to specifically see who is caring for them from doctors to nurses and patient support assistants. This has allowed patients to better recognize the providers that are interacting with them, at times the interaction can be so quick that they may not remember who they spoke with that day. Another example of clinical informatics that helps with patient care is bed management/monitoring systems within organizations such as the one that I work in that helps to keep track of the patient census. Along with that census it keeps track of the location of patient which can help when a nurse just comes on shift and may not know which area the patient is located at the time from dialysis to an MRI or a CT. These are just two examples of clinical informatics that have led to positive experiences for patients and staff members to help improve and better manage patient care.

Along with clinical informatics within a unit and organization there are also methods of data management that nurse managers can utilize to improve patient care within a unit. One example of data management and collection is the effort nurse managers make to ensure that proper hang hygiene is used. This example seems silly but there has been a significant decrease in the number of caretakers that aren’t practicing good hand hygiene when entering and leaving a room. Another example of this is data collection and management related to reducing infections f central lines which revolve around improved patient hygiene. When the data was brought back after the implementation of the hygiene audits and discussion of the topic there was a directly correlation to the decrease of these infections. Data management done through the various systems that exist help managers to better track these thing as well as improve patient care.

Lastly the electronic health record needs to be discussed a little more thoroughly when it comes to clinical informatics. Specifically, the implementation of the electronic health record being mandated by then President Bush. In 2004, President Bush had created an initiative to mandate the creation of electronic health records for all by 2014. With the growth in technology many felt the need for improvement in health care as well, which would further be seen with health care reform during the presidency of Barack Obama. The health care record for patients began to become electronic which is now so common place now that one would find it hard to imagine that it had not always been this way. For President Bush the mandated implementation of the electronic health record was setting in progress the movement to better health technology for all.

References

Aston, G. (2014, January). Powering the Information Machine. Retrieved July 2, 2018, from https://blackboard.ohio.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-8213791-dt-content-rid- 54487195_1/courses/NRSE_4580_SU2_1031_LEC_SUM2_2017- 18/CONTENT/MODULE_3/INSTRUCTIONAL_MATERIALS/REQUIRED_RESOUR CES/NRSE_4580_M3_IM_Powering_the_Information_Engine.pdf

Huber, D. (2014). Leadership and nursing care management. 5th edition. St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders.

Discussion 2

Patient care has evolved significantly over the past few decades. It has transformed from a trail of paper charting to a collection of electronic healthcare data. Various information is now collected electronically as part of routine care, allowing for easier analysis and more prompt improvements. As a result, real-time data can be used to expedite patient care, create safer hospital environments, and better utilize nurses’ time. The purpose of this paper is to discuss informatics within healthcare, how it improves patient care within my healthcare organization, as well as discuss the reasoning behind the 2014 mandate of electronic health records.

Over the past few decades, information technology has rapidly changed the face of healthcare practice and delivery. The use of informatics, which is the general application of data, information and knowledge within multiple professions and organizations, uses data collection and computations as a tool to solve problems, as well as determine consequences to individuals, organizations, and society (Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, 2018). Clinical informatics is the integration of informatics and information technology within healthcare itself. This process uses data to analyze, design, implement and evaluate information and communication systems to enhance health outcomes, improve patient care, as well as strengthen the clinician-patient relationship (American Board of Preventive Medicine, 2018).

Two clinical informatic examples that have improved patient care within my organization include the integration of the SurgiCount Safety-Sponge System, a scanning device that provides an accurate, real-time count for surgery lap sponges in the operating room, and Bar Code Medication Administration (BCMA) technology, an inventory control system that utilizes barcodes to prevent human error during medication administration. SurgiCount Safety-Sponge System is a handheld, mobile computer and scanner that accounts for each safety-sponge used during patients’ surgery or procedures, such as cesarean sections and vaginal deliveries. This device has prevented over1,300 surgical sponges from being left inside patients, thereby averting unnecessary complications and pain, as well as eliminating more than $825 million in additional health care costs (Wynder, 2017). BCMA technology systems decrease medication and transcription errors, as well as improves patient safetybyelectronically verifying a patient’s identity before medication administration (Truitt, Thompson, Blazey-Martin, NiSai, & Salem, 2016).

Two data management tools that are used by the unit Nurse manager include Purposeful Hourly Rounding and Bedside Shift Report Statistics. This feedback reports patients’ perception of nurse engagement within their hospital experience. These two strategies improve patient care and safety by encouraging nurses to intentionally and routinely round on patients, as well as exchange current patient information at bedside and at the start of each shift. For example, Purposeful Hourly Rounding calls for staff nurses to check-up on patients routinely every hour. This strategy improves patients’ perception of nursing staff responsiveness, reduces patient fall incidences and use of call lights, as well as improves patient satisfaction scores (Mitchell, Lavenberg, Trotta, & Umscheid, 2014). Bedside Shift Report ensures that patients and their families are aware of the plan of care, ensures safe handoff from nurse-to-nurse, improves communication between the patient, family and staff, and provides an opportunity for questions and concerns to be voiced, leading to improved quality of care and safety (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2017).

On April 27, 2004, President George W. Bush implemented the use of electronic health records (EHRs). As a result, this order created a new national health information system that linked health care networks, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of health care (Huber, 2014). EHRs provide quick access to current patient information, help clinicians to more effectively diagnose patients, improve productivity and efficiency, provide complete documentation and reduce overall costs (HealthIT.gov, 2018). Prior to this mandate, records were disjointed and if patients sought care from multiple clinicians, their health data was not immediately available and frequently incomplete.

In conclusion, there are many benefits to technological advancements within healthcare – improving patient safety, decreasing overall costs, and streamlining data processes, to name a few. Information and data integration through the mandate of EHR usage also provides clinicians with a more comprehensive picture of medical information. Together, this technology has reshaped the face of healthcare, which has resulted in improved patient care and outcomes.

 

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Business Principles

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Post a thoughtful response to at least two (2) other colleagues’ initial postings. Responses to colleagues should be supportive and helpful (examples of an acceptable comment are: “This is interesting – in my practice, we treated or resolved (diagnosis or issue) with (x, y, z meds, theory, management principle) and according to the literature…” and add supportive reference. Avoid comments such as “I agree” or “good comment.”

References:

  • Response posts: Minimum of one (1) total reference: one (1) from peer-reviewed or course materials reference per response.

Words Limits

  • Response posts: Minimum 200 words

Peer discussion 1

Business Principles

The purpose of the discussion is to discuss three business principles from this week’s power point that I feel are needed to maintain safe, quality, patient-centered care that is fiscally sound. The patient population I care for is actually 340 employees at a large chemical manufacturing company. I am one of numerous onsite occupational health clinics across the globe that strives to provide quality care to the employees in order to maintain and improve workplace health and safety. I have selected three important business principles that I feel best reflect my clinic and patient needs. I will discuss how these three principles are utilized in my organization and how they impact healthcare.

Of the ten basic business principles Greg Fisher (2008) highlighted, three of them caught my attention the most as the principles most apparent at my clinic site. The first principle is to incentivize your employees for success. This holds true in two different aspects in my occupation. First, I am responsible for the health and wellbeing of the employees in this company. In order for individuals to take personal health accountability and to see value in the wellness programs, incentives are given as rewards for their efforts. The second aspect is the benefits the company and I reap for having healthy employees. This can range from lower injury rates, decreased healthcare costs, decreased absenteeism, improved employee morale, and job security for myself. Incentives help to drive people to provide best service which helps improve productivity.

The second principle I would like to discuss is to always maintain your integrity. I feel this is a great strength in the organization I work for. I work alongside other health and safety professionals with a common goal to promote health and safety so everyone returns home the way they came in. When an injury occurs onsite, the incident is entered into the Occupational Safety and Health Administration log. This enables the Department of Labor the ability to monitor workplace safety statistics. Although increased injury rates provide a negative view on the company, having the integrity to follow the policy and log the incidents without looking for a loop-holes in interpretation is something I can proudly boast my site does. Additionally, I as the site nurse am responsible for performing medical surveillance physicals to approve an employee fit for duty. The physician and I work very hard to be sure we are following best practice standards and are providing the utmost care to the employees rather than just stamping them fit for duty. By addressing health issues in employees and promoting wellness and disease prevention, helps to improve overall employee health and lower healthcare cost. Just these two examples are ways to express not just personal, but corporate integrity in order to promote health and safety.

Finally, the last principle that is essential in any successful business, is to manage your cashflow. When I assumed my current nursing role a little over a year ago, medical and office supplies where everywhere! It took months but I have finally been able to reorganize the department in order to maintain sufficient supplies without over ordering. There were so many expired items that had to be discarded that if the previous ordering system had continued would have waste a lot of company money. With a decrease in supply costs, I was able to upgrade medical equipment to better manage the employees’ health. The medical department does not bring income to the company however, with improved employee health, absenteeism decreases therefore productivity increases.

In conclusion, providing safe, quality, patient-centered care that is fiscally sound requires more than just the three business principles I highlighted today. It requires nurses to advocate for their patients right to receive safe and quality care. These principles mean a lot to me personally as I hold a lot of responsibility as the only nurse on site. I have a very supportive team and organization that I want to continue to serve with continued integrity. Wellness and occupational health and safety programs share a common goal in protecting and improving employee health and therefore should be managed together for greater efficacy (Biswas et al., 2018). I want to increase employee incentives as it pertains to their health and wellness now not only to improve their health and safety, but also to decrease healthcare cost providing a return on investment in the future.

References

Biswas, A., Severin, C., Smith, P., Steenstra, I., Robson, L., & Amick III, B. (2018, December 4). Larger workplaces, people-oriented culture, and specific industry sectors are associated with co-occurring health protection and wellness activities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(2739). http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.3390/ijerph15122739Fisher, G. (2008). Top 10 basic business principles [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/GregFish/top10-basic-bu…

Peer discussion 2

While nursing seems straight forward when talking about the actual art of nursing, just like any business, healthcare would be great business practices. Nurses play an integral role in ensuring that the needs of the patient are met through advocating while understanding higher roles such as a nurse manager, director of nursing, or Chief Nursing Officer (CNO). In this discussion post, I will discuss three business principles presented by Greg Fisher, discuss why I chose these business principles, tell if my current workplace practices these business principles, why these specific business principles are important in healthcare, and lastly, why these principles are important to me.

The first business principle that I will discuss is, based on the Greg Fisher power point, is “Deciding who you serve.” This business principle focuses targeting your market and who will benefit from your services by understanding who can benefit from your services (Fisher, 2008). Personally, I believe that my current employer, along with other healthcare facilities in my area, do a great job at focusing on who they serve, which are those who are sick by improving their health and well-being which is clearly stating in their mission statement (Mercy Health, 2019). In healthcare, this business principle is probably the most valuable because patients know when they feel they are being served by how well they are taken care of. If the patient feels that their healthcare needs and concerns are not being addressed, they will no longer seek your services, but will instead go elsewhere. As a nurse, I live to serve other’s, as I try to build trust and rapport with each of my patients.

The second business principle that I will discuss is employee management. This principle focuses on the employee and their efforts and dedication to the business (Fisher, 2008). For any business to run smoothly, employees must be committed to your purpose. Currently, our OR has an interim manager who does a fantastic job and letting the employees know there valued and appreciated. However, about six months ago, we had a different interim employer who never came out of her office, or behind OR doors, and employees were very disgruntled as we felt that she only had negative things to say but truly didn’t understand what we were witnessing or going through on a daily basis. You could tell that she was only there for the paycheck and truly didn’t care for us. I believe that caring for you employees by letting them know they are heard, offering incentives and awards, and by helping them is a great way for employees to work harder and smarter at their job which will in turn help your business flourish.

The third business principle that I will discuss is preservation. This business principle focuses on overcoming obstacles and bad times (Fisher, 2008). As I was explaining before, our OR has been without permanent management for a little over a year now. We have had several interim managers who do not seem to truly care about our mission and our staff. Because of this, our department and team has suffered. People are angry and felt unheard, overworked, and expandable which has affected our morale. While the department needed management, what it really desired was democratic leadership where decision making could be shared while the views of employees were valued and contributions to the vison, goals and decision were understood (Huber, 2014). Within the last few months, a longtime employee took over the management position, also temporarily, but has assisted in rebuilding our team and our willpower to succeed by not only becoming a manager but by becoming a nurse leader.

While the business principles discussed throughout this discussion are listed separately and in a matter of fact way, each principle coincides with the other. Businesses, especially healthcare facilities, take purpose, the right employees, and determination to succeed. If one link is weak, the business will fail. However, with a strong chain, business can become great and long-lasting.

References

Fisher, G. (2008). Top 10 BBP [Lecture notes]. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/GregFish/top10-basic-bu…

Huber, D. L. (2014). Leadership and Management Styles (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Mercy Health. (2019). Our Mission. Retrieved from https://www.mercy.com/about-us/mission

 

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Leadership Styles

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Question Description

k 9 Discussion: Leadership Styles

The purpose of this discussion is to describe a particular leader’s style as either authoritative, democratic, or laissez-faire (Marquis & Huston, 2017). The characteristics of this leader including positive and negative attributes will then be examined. Finally, consideration of how this leadership style and characteristics impact patients and the healthcare organization will be discussed.

Leadership Description

Marquis & Huston (2017) discuss how a hallmark sign of an effective leader is an individual who possesses various leadership style and understands that different situations require different leadership styles. Unfortunately, some leaders only possess one leadership style, which can make it difficult for an organization to run smoothly. Leaders must also be effectively trained so that they can provide appropriate support to their staff (Azaare & Gross, 2011). The particular leader of concern for this discussion is a supervisor at Swedish Medical Group who demonstrates a democratic leadership style (Wall Street Journal Staff, n.d.). Although she enforces rules and policies, she allows staff the autonomy to work within their scope, provides constructive feedback, and asks for suggestions of how to improve patient care (Marquis & Huston, 2017). She creates order and stability within the department but has an open dialogue with staff and values their input (Marquis & Huston, 2017).

Leadership Characteristics

This supervisor provides staff feedback in a constructive way that does not place blame (Marquis & Huston, 2017). She has an open dialogue with staff when there is an issue to figure out what the root of the problem is and gain guidance from staff on ways to correct it. This leader is humble and does not use her role to intimidate or overpower staff (Marquis & Huston, 2017). Staff meetings are held regularly to discuss new policies, procedures, staff concerns, and suggestions. The meetings are kept professional and well organized, and everyone’s opinion is heard and taken into account. All the above characteristics this writer would like to integrate into her own leadership style (Wall Street Journal Staff, n.d.). One characteristic not mentioned that this writer would like to avoid is the leader’s lack of delegation. There are many tasks that she is observed to be doing herself that could be delegated to nurses to allow more time for her leadership role.

Leadership Style and Impact on Quality and Patient Outcomes

Having an open dialogue with staff about processes and procedures that work well and those that do not allow opportunities for leadership to create practice changes (Marquis & Huston, 2017). Practice changes strive to improve the quality and safety of patient care and improve overall patient outcomes. As mentioned in last week’s discussion, the goal of the nursing leader should be to create positive social change (Walden University, 2017c). Leaders who rule authoritatively do not provide opportunities for an open dialogue with staff. This can lead staff to fear speaking up and for patient care issues to go unnoticed (Marquis & Huston, 2017). The democratic leader also provides constructive criticism and sees an error as a learning opportunity rather than a failure.

Conclusion

This week’s discussion has provided an example of a democratic style of leadership. The characteristics of this leader demonstrated creating both order and structure within the department while also allowing staff to feel equal partners with this leader, rather than less important. This equal partnership can positively impact both the quality and safety of patient care, creating an overall improvement in patient outcomes.

References

Azaare, J., & Gross, J. (2011). The nature of leadership style in nursing management. British

Journal of Nursing, 20(11), 672-680. doi:10.12968/bjon.2011.20.11.672

Marquis, B. L., & Huston C. J. (2017). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing:

Theory and application (9th ed). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Watkins.

Wall Street Journal Staff. (n.d.). Leadership Styles. Retrieved from http://guides.wsj.com/ma

nagement/developing-a-leadership-style/how-to-develop-a-leadership-style/?mod=

WSJBlog

Walden University. (2017c). Vision, mission, and goals. In 2017-2018 Walden University

catalog. Retrieved from http://catalog.waldenu.edu/content.php?catoid=149&…

=47849

 

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IV furosemide (Lasix)

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Please write a paragraph responding to the discussion bellow. Add citations and references in alphabetical order.

Looking at Mrs. J’s objective and subjective data a plan of care can be initiated for left sided heart failure. For the patient’s respiratory status, the patient’s sp02 is 82%, decreased breath sounds in the right lower lobe and coughing with frothy blood tinged sputum, oxygen therapy should be administered. Also, the patient’s crackles indicates congestion and fluid overload as well as the JVD. IV diuretics would treat this symptom. Placing a Foley catheter to ensure strict I&Os and possible fluid restriction will be considered. Daily weights would also be initiated to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and patient’s status. A chest x-ray would be performed to evaluate for any infection. Tylenol would be administered to treat the low grade temperature. The patient would be on 24hr telemetry monitoring. Medications would be administered to treat the AFIB to control the ventricular rate and for anticoagulation therapy.

Part B

  1. IV furosemide (Lasix) – Lasix is a loop diuretic. It is used to treat edema due to heart failure. It causes diuresis and mobilization of the excess fluid caused by heart failure. It also helps decrease blood pressure.
  2. Enalapril (Vasotec) – Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor. It is used to treat blood pressure. It is also used for CHF in conjunction with diuretics
  3. Metoprolol (Lopressor) – Lopressor is a beta-blocker that affects the heart and circulation. It can also help treat the patients Afib.
  4. IV morphine sulphate (Morphine) – IV morphine is a narcotic that is used many times in cardiac events such as chest pain. It helps open up the blood vessels and helps improve cardiac workload, reduce anxiety and pain.

Part C

1. Smoking- smoking is a major risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease (CAD). CAD is a major cause of heart failure. Nursing interventions to manage this are to educate patient on the importance of smoking cessation and the risk factors associated with not doing so. Getting respiratory therapy or other resources to help quit smoking. Get nicotine patches or other prescribed medication regimen to help quit smoking.

2. High blood pressure- Uncontrolled BP is a high risk factor for developing CHF. When pressure is blood vessels is too high the heart has to pump harder than normal to keep up and over time this causes the heart to get weaker. Nursing interventions to help manage this is ensuring all home medications are on the MAR. Check the BP per protocol and ensure that it is within the parameters set by the MD. Order PRN or adjust medication for BP per MD orders. Educate on taking BP medicine regardless if the BP is normal or the patient is not having any symptoms

3. Obesity- Being overweight can cause the heart to work harder than normal and can cause sleep apnea. Nursing interventions that can help manage obesity are ensuring proper diet is ordered in the hospital. Educating on the long term effects of obesity and some ways to help with weight loss. Encourage an exercise routine.

4. Sleep apnea- Pauses in breathing can contribute to fatigue and cause high blood pressure and heart failure, diabetes, stroke. Nursing interventions for sleep apnea are to ensure a sleep study is completed or ordered. Ensure all prescribed regimens are available such as CPAP at night. Educate on the importance of being compliant with CPAP and risks of failure to do so.

Part D

1. Help and educate the patient on keeping an accurate log and list of all medications and herbal medication that the patient is on. In order to reduce the chances of the physician ordering medications that may have drug interactions.

2. Educate the patient on the importance of choosing one primary care physician in order to reduce polypharmacy.

3. Help and educate the patient on ensuring proper dosage and frequency are followed by using a medication organizer.

4. Educate the patient on possible interactions of herbal medication and the need to inform the physician of all herbal medication.

5. Ensure the patient is educated on all new medications, indications, education, potential side effects and potential interactions.

References

American Nurses Association. (2010). Preventing polypharmacy in older adults. Retrieved from https://www.americannursetoday.com/preventing-poly…

 

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Explain the ethical and legal implications of disclosure and nondisclosure

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Write a 2-page paper that addresses the following: APA FORMAT PLEASE

  • Explain the ethical and legal implications of disclosure and nondisclosure. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state. ( my state is maryland)
  • Describe what you would do as the advanced practice nurse in this scenario including whether or not you would disclose your error. Provide your rationale.
  • Explain the process of writing prescriptions including strategies to minimize medication errors.

Assignment: 
The Ethics and Legalities of Medication Error Disclosure

American writer Nikki Giovanni once said: “Mistakes are a fact of life. It is the response to the error that counts” (Goodreads, 2012). Whenever you make an error when writing a prescription, you must consider the ethical and legal implications of your error—no matter how seemingly insignificant it might be. You may fear the possible consequences and feel pressured not to disclose the error. Regardless, you need to consider the potential implications of non-disclosure. How you respond to the prescription error will affect you, the patient, and the health care facility where you practice. In this Assignment, you examine ethical and legal implications of disclosure and nondisclosure of personal error.

Consider the following scenario:

  • You are working as an advanced practice nurse at a community health clinic. You make an error when prescribing a drug to a patient. You do not think the patient would know that you made the error, and it certainly was not intentional.
To prepare:
  • Consider the ethical implications of disclosure and nondisclosure.
  • Research federal and state laws for advanced practice nurses. Reflect on the legal implications of disclosure and nondisclosure for you and the health clinic.
  • Consider what you would do as the advanced practice nurse in this scenario including whether or not you would disclose your error.
  • Review the Institute for Safe Medication Practices website in the Learning Resources. Consider the process of writing prescriptions. Think about strategies to avoid medication errors.

Write a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following:

  • Explain the ethical and legal implications of disclosure and nondisclosure. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state.
  • Describe what you would do as the advanced practice nurse in this scenario including whether or not you would disclose your error. Provide your rationale.
  • Explain the process of writing prescriptions including strategies to minimize medication errors.

Reminder: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/57.htm). All papers submitted must use this formatting.

TEXT BOOK. PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS FOR ADVANCED PRACTICE BY ARCANGELO PETERSON

Learning Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

This page contains the Learning Resources for this week. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this week’s assigned Learning Resources. To access select media resources, please use the media player below.

REQUIRED READINGS

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

  • Chapter 1, “Issues for the Practitioner in Drug Therapy” (pp. 3–14) 
    This chapter introduces issues relating to drug therapy such as adverse drug events and medication adherence. It also explores drug safety, the practitioner’s role and responsibilities in prescribing, and prescription writing.
  • Chapter 59, “The Economics of Pharmacotherapeutics” (pp. 1009-1018) 
    This chapter analyzes the costs of drug therapy to health care systems and society and explores practice guideline compliance and current issues in medical care.
  • Chapter 60, “Integrative Approaches to Pharmacotherapy—A Look at Complex Cases” (pp. 1021-1036) 
    This chapter examines issues in individual patient cases. It explores concepts relating to evaluation, drug selection, patient education, and alternative treatment options.

Due to the importance of ethical and legal considerations in advanced practice nursing, several resources have been provided for your reference.

Sabatino, J.A., Pruchnicki, M.C., Sevin, A.M., Barker, E., & Green, C.G. (2017). Improving prescribing practices: A pharmacist‐led educational intervention for nurse practitioner students. 
The authors of this article assess the impact of a pharmacist‐led educational intervention on family nurse practitioner (FNP) students’ prescribing skills, perception of preparedness to prescribe, and perception of pharmacist as collaborator.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

American Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Nursing World. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/Eth…
This article outlines ethical standards in the nursing profession and identifies nine provisions of care that must be adhered to by all nurses.

Ladd, E., and Hoyt, A. (2016).Shedding Light on Nurse Practitioner Prescribing. The Journal For Nurse Practitioners. 12(3). 166-173. 
This article provides NP’s with information regarding state based laws for NP prescribing. 
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Mid-level practitioners authorization by state. Retrieved from August 23, 2012, http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/praction…
This website outlines the schedules for controlled substances, including prescriptive authority for each schedule.

Drug Enforcement Administration. (2006.). Practitioner’s manual. Retrieved from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/manuals/pra…
This manual is a resource for practitioners who prescribe, dispense, and administer controlled substances. It provides information on general requirements, security issues, recordkeeping, prescription requirements, and addiction treatment programs.

Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2012). ISMP’s list of error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ismp.org/Tools/errorproneabbreviations….
This website provides a list of prescription writing abbreviations that might lead to misinterpretation, as well as suggestions for preventing resulting errors.

OPTIONAL RESOURCES

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1…

Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.). Registration. Retrieved August 23, 2012, from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/Registration.htm…

 

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Explain why you are interested in the topic and scenario you chose

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The purpose of this assignment is to use the skills you have learned throughout the course. You will apply what you have learned to solve the real-world scenario that you selected in Week 2.

Create a 3- to 4-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation including:

  • One slide on your topic and scenario (approximately 1 minute)
    • Introduce the topic and scenario you selected in Week 2.
    • Explain why you are interested in the topic and scenario you chose.
  • One to two slides of your visuals (approximately 2 to 3 minutes)
    • These should be clear, neat, organized, and labeled from Week 4.
    • Explain why either the linear model or the exponential model is better for predicting future results. In your explanation, include the significance of the R2 value and how the R2 value influenced the model you chose.
    • Explain how your visuals support your conclusion.
  • One slide for a conclusion (approximately 1 minute)
    • Restate your topic and scenario and give your findings for the scenario.
    • Discuss how your topic and scenario relates to a real-world scenario.
    • Discuss what you learned from this project.
  • Include detailed speaker notes for each slide.

This week two assignment

Hi Class/Professor,

The topic I choose was Health & Nursing. This field interested me because nurses promote health, prevent disease spread, and help patients cope with illness, they’re usually the person patients see the most when it’s a stay at the hospitals. They have a unique scope of patience and practice independently, although they collaborate with all members of the health care team, so they can provide care needed by each patient as an individual. I think in this field I hope to discover or understand the analysis, that Nursing has a tremendous influence in Healthcare. They help to create a healthier society because in this role their leaders, healers, a listing ear and a professional, which they show empathy I’ve seen many nurses show experience of understanding another person’s condition from their perspective.

(The next part is from the spread sheet) Topic 1 Predicting the number of babies born Scenario – It appears to be a total of 3,642 so if we estimate it I’m guessing or approximating 3,700. review the data involving the number of babies born in Humboldt County from 2006-2015. Predict the number of babies who will be born in 2018?So, when I look at each month its roughly 400 in the last 5 months. Keep in mind we added 9 years from 2006-2015, so if we estimate 3 years from 2015-2018 we should see 11,000 babies born in Humboldt County.

 

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Complete the leadership style self-assessment under learning activities.

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Overview

  • Complete the leadership style self-assessment under learning activities.
  • Use information from your assigned readings and the literature related to leadership styles, and leadership and management theories to complete the paper.
  • Discuss your style of leadership based on the completed self-assessment.
  • Describe what leadership and management theories align with your leadership style.
  • Based on your leadership style, discuss the type of work environment, and three key actions or behaviors that you must demonstrate to be a successful leader.

Objectives

  • Students will compare and contrast leadership and management principles.Identify one’s own leadership style.
  • Students will identify one’s own leadership style.

References

Minimum of four (4) total references: two (2) references from required course materials and two (2) peer-reviewed references. All references must be no older than five years (unless making a specific point using a seminal piece of information)

Peer-reviewed references include references from professional data bases such as PubMed or CINHAL applicable to population and practice area, along with evidence based clinical practice guidelines. Examples of unacceptable references are Wikipedia, UpToDate, Epocrates, Medscape, WebMD, hospital organizations, insurance recommendations, & secondary clinical databases.

Style

Unless otherwise specified, all the written assignment must follow APA 6th edition formatting, citations and references. Click here to download the Microsoft Word APA 6th edition template. Make sure you cross-reference the APA 6th edition book as well before submitting the assignment.

Number of Pages/Words

Unless otherwise specified all papers should have a minimum of 600 words (approximately 2.5 pages) excluding the title and reference pages.

 

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Explain which topic scenario you selected, why you chose it, and why this topic is important to the study of cultural diversity.

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This week your Course Project topic proposal is due. Below are the guidelines for this proposal:

  • Your proposal should be about a page in length, double-spaced. Include an APA-formatted title page.
  • Choose from one of the four topic scenarios provided in the Course Project description under Course Home.
  • Explain which topic scenario you selected, why you chose it, and why this topic is important to the study of cultural diversity.
  • Briefly discuss what you expect to find (or what you would be interested in learning through your research) and how you intend to go about your research.

1) You have been asked to look into a company’s promotion policy. Maria, an African-American woman, has filed a complaint that she was unfairly eliminated for consideration for a promotion. She holds a graduate degree, has been with the company for 10 years and in her current position for 7. Alex, the person who received the promotion, is an Anglo, also has a graduate degree, but has less time either with the company or in the position. He is, however, considered to be an “up and comer” and has better job evaluations than Maria. Maria points out that she is the only person of color and the only woman in the department. She claims that her lower evaluations reflect a built-in bias on the part of her White male supervisors.. She alleges that the company is engaging in discriminatory practices.

The company argues that Maria is a good employee but is often loud and aggressive in her approach to co-workers and supervisors, and has had some problems with attendance and tardiness. She has been counseled twice by her supervisor for tardiness, and once for absence. Both times she cited family problems as reasons.

Are there indications of structural or individual discrimination involved or prejudicial attitudes? Is there any indication that Maria was unfairly treated?  Regardless of your findings, come up with a plan to avoid this sort of thing from happening again.

2) Islam is a highly controversial and sensitive issue in today’s world, and there are many misconceptions about its beliefs, values, and goals. For example, many Americans believe that most Muslims live in the Middle East, while in reality Indonesia has many more people of the Islamic faith. What this means is that Islam, like Judaism and Christianity, is practiced in many different cultures, and it both shapes and is shaped by those cultures.

For this assignment, spend a minimal amount of time writing about the religion itself.  From there, examine what happens in the workplace (such as discrimination), OR consider how you may need to accommodate Muslim patients in a hospital.  Either of those two approaches will help you stay on track with your research.  

3) Same-sex marriage is a relevant and recent topic, and one that is now becoming a workplace issue as well as a religious and a legal issue.  What are the current laws regarding same-sex marriage?  Moreover, what are the legal benefits of marriage that cohabiting or domestic partnership arrangements do not offer?  How are these benefits (or lack of benefits) present in today’s workplace? 

For example, what are some issues related to health insurance, mortgage and retirement plans, that differ for marriage versus cohabitation?  How have the laws related to these issues changed in recent years, making the legality of marriage desirable for same-sex couples? 

4) Lateral Violence is a relevant topic in nursing today.  What is lateral violence, and what are the cultural implications of this phenomenon?  To investigate this topic, you will need to first show that nursing is a culture unto its own.  What are material and non-material aspects of nursing culture?  Are there subcultures?  Which nursing populations(s) would represent a dominant group, and who are the minorities?

What are some proposed solutions to lateral violence?  Are these proposals feasible? 

 

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