Professional Legal Issues with Medical and Nursing Professionals

From the scenario, analyze the different and overlapping general roles of physicians and nurses as they apply to professional credentialing and subsequent patient safety and satisfaction. Determine the major ways in which these overlapping roles may help play a part in health professional credentialing processes and conduct, and identify and analyze the ethical role these influences play in health care

Analyze the major professional roles played by physicians and nurses as they apply to physicians’ conduct in the medical arena and to nurses in the role of adjuncts to physicians. Evaluate the degree and quality of care that physicians, nurses, and medical technologists provide in their primary roles, including, but not limited to, patient safety and satisfaction as required in 21st Century U.S. hospitals.

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Trial Practices and Legal Issues Based on Civil and Corporate Dynamics

From the scenario, analyze the general points between initiating civil procedures, the prevalent practices of these procedures within health care litigation solutions, and the influence of corporate structure on resolutions and subsequent legal precedents. Defend or critique the use of the aforementioned prevalent practices in the multidisciplined interaction required of 21st Century health care administrators.

Summarize the crucial steps involved in conducting a trial based on the pleadings of the defendants, leading up to the execution of judgments and including the awarding of damages. Analyze the concept of respondeat superior and concept of corporate negligence as they apply to responsibilities of the hospital’s governing body and corporate structure. Provide examples of the application of such concepts to support your response.

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Abnormal immune responses can trigger a range of autoimmune diseases, in which an individual’s immune system is attacking normal tissues in the body. Well-known examples of autoimmune diseases are type 1 diabetes mellitus, lupus, and multiple sclerosis.

Ideally, one would like to harness the immune system to attack abnormal substances or tissues like cancer, while sparing the normal (unaffected) tissue. Many tumor cells produce antigens (proteins) that theoretically ought to trigger an immune response: that is, one’s immune system ought to recognize cancer cells as somehow foreign or abnormal, and thereafter eliminate these cells from the body. The field of cancer immunotherapy is actively pursuing this study.

Tumor antigens may also be useful for diagnostic tests; high levels of tumor antigens could be taken as markers or indicators of cancer. In this assignment, you will be examining levels of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) as determined from immunoassays (i.e., biochemical tests that measure the concentrations of the tumor-associated antigens in serum samples).

• Download the Excel file MHA610_assignment_3_data.xls, and open it.
• The spreadsheet contains data on 250 individuals: 90 normal individuals from San Diego (the controls), and 160 individuals from Korea and China, all of whom were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Serum samples were taken from the controls and from the cases at time of diagnosis of HCC. Levels of a panel of 12 tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) were assessed via immunoassays in all individuals;
    • The levels are given in the columns with headings Ab14, HCC1, IMP1, KOC, MDM2, NPM1, P16, P53, P90, RaIA, and Survivin. (These are the designations of the 12 TAAs, all of which were thought to be potentially predictive of cancer.)
• The underlying question is whether we can effectively discriminate between the cases and controls on the basis of the levels of these TAAs. This is sometimes termed a classification problem in the statistics and biostatistics literature: we wish to classify individuals as normal or cancer patients on the basis of their TAA levels.
• We will examine these data in Statdisk. Use the MHA610_Week 3_Assignment_Data.CSV file to upload this information into Statdisk.
  
  • If you choose the latter option, Start Statdisk, then choose File>Open and select the .csv file you created (unless you changed the name, it ought to be MHA610_assignment_3_data.csv)
  • Check the box that specifies the data contains column titles or headers, select Comma separated for how the data are delimited, click finish, and the dataset will have been successfully imported into Statdisk.
  • NOTE: you may want to read through the remainder of the assignment first, before proceeding with this step. This may save you some work afterwards!
• Note that Statdisk operates on columns of data, and that both cases and controls are contained in each column of TAA levels. It will be necessary to separate the cases and controls for further analyses. This can be accomplished either by copying within Statdisk or by reverting to the original Excel workbook, copying in Excel, exporting as a .csv file, and then importing into Statdisk. (Don’t say you weren’t warned!)
• Explain if you would characterize any or all of the TAA levels as approximately normally distributed for the controls and for the cases.
  • Provide plots and statistics in support of your conclusions.
• Explain if any of the TAAs are useful for discriminating between the cases and controls.
  • Provide plots and statistics in support of your conclusions.
• All writing assignments should be at least 250-500 words in APA format supported by scholarly sources.

BONUS. In the above, we pooled all cases together.  Summarize whether you think this is legitimate or whether the levels of any of the TAAs appear to differ significantly between the cases from China and the cases from Korea. Provide evidence in support of your conclusion.

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Directions: Write a 1 to 2 page, double-spaced paper in 12 pt. font in response to the following question.

The Super bug

Many of you may have heard of the “super bug.”  The reason for its name is because many people take too many different forms of antibiotics for just about anything.  When people take too many antibiotics, it causes bacteria to become resistant to antibiotic agents.  As the bacteria become drug resistant, we are becoming more at risk for infections that we cannot cure.  Please read the article titled, “Resistance to Antibiotics: Are We in the Post-Antibiotic Era?”  Please provide your thoughts on drug resistance, and explain what you thought was an important fact from this article.

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