Protecting Patient Information

Part I: Protecting Patient Information

Each time a patient visits a doctor; is admitted to a hospital; goes to a pharmacist; or sends a claim to a health plan, a record is made of their confidential health information. In the past, family doctors and other health care providers protected the confidentiality of those records by sealing them away in file cabinets and refusing to reveal them to anyone else. Today, the use and disclosure of this information is protected by a patchwork of state laws, thereby leaving gaps in the protection of patients’ privacy and confidentiality.

Respond to the following questions:

  • Do confidentiality and security play a role in providing effective protection to patients’ information? Why or why not? Justify your views using examples.
  • How will you use these concepts to protect health information?

Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning by using examples and references from textbooks, the South University Online Library, and other acceptable references. Cite sources in the APA format. Further, comment on the postings of at least two peers.

Part II: Legal and Ethical Issues

Each state has statutes that govern the practice of medicine in that state. These are called medical practice acts and are meant to protect the health and safety of the public (Fremgen, 2012). Each state legislature establishes a state medical board that has the authority to control the licensing of physicians. While some slight differences exist from state to state, in general, these practice acts define who must be licensed to perform certain procedures (Fremgen, 2012). These acts also specify requirements for licensure; the duties of the licensed physician; grounds on which the license may be revoked or taken away; and reports that must be made to the government or other appropriate agencies (Fremgen 2012).

When healthcare workers hold patients’ lives in their hands, they must know the right thing to do when complications arise (Aiken, 2009). Most healthcare training focuses on what steps should be taken when medical emergencies or clinically related problems arise (e.g., apply pressure to stop bleeding).

In addition to clinical and medical complications, healthcare professionals must also deal with complicated ethical dilemmas (Aiken, 2009). For example, if a person who is bleeding is HIV positive, or if someone did not want heroic measures taken to save his or her life, should rescue breathing be started? These are ethical dilemmas, and the healthcare worker entrusted with the well-being of patients must know or be able to discern the right and the wrong thing to do. Ethics helps determine the right thing to do in the case of a moral dilemma (Aiken, 2009).

Accordingly, respond to the following:

  • What are the legal and ethical issues that patients, health care providers, and the society face? Compare and contrast using examples.
  • As a health care professional, suggest ways to handle these issues.

Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning by using examples and references from textbooks, the South University Online Library, and other acceptable references. Cite sources in the APA format. Further, comment on the postings of at least two peers.

 

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Physician-Patient Relationship

Assignment 2: Physician-Patient Relationship

A physician who doubts the diagnosis of a patient should order a consultation. In this assignment, you will review a scenario in which a consultation was ordered for a patient, and you will analyze the ethical obligations involved in the physician-patient relationship.

Scenario

A family practice doctor has a female patient who is twenty-two weeks pregnant with her third baby. The first child was born at thirty weeks and survived; however, her second pregnancy resulted in a miscarriage at nineteen weeks. The patient would like to do all she can to have a successful pregnancy. As of today, the patient has no signs of premature labor, and her cervix is closed. Given her history, the family practice doctor would like to discuss the possibility of a cerclage with an obstetric consultant. Chances of cerclage helping the pregnancy along are one in ten.

On the basis of the above scenario, respond to the following questions:

  • Describe the ethical obligations associated with the physician-patient relationship.
  • Explain the outcome of this consultation with your justification.
  • Discuss what you would have done differently to handle the case.
  • Provide a real-life example of a consultation.

Compile your responses in a 3-to-5-page Word document.

Submit it to the W4: Assignment 2 Dropbox by the end of Tuesday, February 10, 2015.

Name your document SUO_PHE3040_W4_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc.

On a separate page, cite all sources using the APA guidelines.

 

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Avoiding Legal Issues

Assignment 2: Avoiding Legal Issues

Legal issues in health care include violation of patient privacy laws and regulations, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); issues related to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement requirements; negligence or malpractice issues; and violation of the employment law for medical staff, independent contractors, and others.

Review the following:

  • The health care law and you. (n.d.). HealthCare. Retrieved fromwww.healthcare.gov/law

Review the legal guidelines and principles for your state. Explain the changes the Affordable Care Act will make to HIPAA, Medicare, and Medicaid reimbursement requirements. By conducting adequate research, describe the overall impact the law will have on your state.

Compile your responses in a 6-to-10-page Word document.

Submit it to the W3: Assignment 2 Dropbox by the end of Tuesday, February 3, 2015.

Name your document SUO_PHE3040_W3_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc.

On a separate page, cite all sources using the APA guidelines.

 

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Evolution of Health Care

Part I: Evolution of Health Care

Healthcare has undergone major changes since 1965 when Medicare and Medicaid became law (Fremgen, 2012). The growth rate of the older adult population and the remarkable technological discoveries and applications, such as heart and kidney transplants and mobile mammogram units, are just a few of the developments that have caused a rapid expansion of the healthcare system (Fremgen, 2012).

Therefore, healthcare professionals must have a good understanding of the legal system for a variety of reasons (Fremgen, 2012). The advanced state of medical technology creates new legal, ethical, moral, and financial problems for the consumer and the healthcare practitioner. Patients have become more aware of their legal rights. Court cases and decisions have had a greater impact than ever on the way healthcare professionals practice business in the medical field (Fremgen, 2012).

Hospitals in the United States too emerged from institutions, notably almshouses, that provided care and custody for the ailing poor to multifaceted public institutions. Rooted in this tradition of charity, the public hospital traces its ancestry to the development of cities and community efforts to shelter and care for the chronically ill, deprived, and disabled (National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems, 2013).

The history of health care has evolved. Accordingly, respond to the following questions:

  • Which health care laws are still in practice? Why?
  • What are the functions of a hospital? How have these functions evolved over the past twenty years?

Justify your answers with appropriate research and reasoning by using examples and references from textbooks, the South University Online Library, and other acceptable references. Cite sources in the APA format. Further, comment on the postings of at least two peers.

 

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Trace the Scientific Method in a Primary Research Scientific Article

Written Assignment 1: Trace the Scientific Method in a Primary Research Scientific Article

Addresses course outcomes 1 and 4:

  • use knowledge of biological principles and the scientific method to ask and answer relevant questions about the human body
  • weigh and make health-related decisions based on an understanding of the value and limits of scientific knowledge and the scientific method

Before attempting this assignment, you might want to revisit the Scientific Method Tutorial in the Science Learning Center under the Course Content area.

Substance in Green Tea Inhibits Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and often fatal form of breast cancer.  In IBC, lymphatic vessels in the skin are blocked causing the breasts to appear swollen and red.  Early in the disease process, patients with IBC usually do not have the classic “lump” in their breast; therefore the disease is frequently diagnosed at later stages.  Diagnosis is often so delayed that the cancer has metastasized and patient prognosis is poor.

The underlying cause of IBC is unknown, but it is believed that like with other cancers cetain cell types have the abililty to transform into cells that can form malignant tumors.  These aberrant cells are considered cancer stem cells, and populations of cancer stem cells have been identified in IBC.

In a recent, study researchers evaluated whether a metabolite found in green tea could inhibit the growth of certain stem cell types that have been identified in the breast tissue of patients with IBC.  In this study, two IBC stem cell types, SUM-149 and SUM-190, were exposed epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG- is a potent antioxidant found in green tea).  Results from the study showed that EGCG treatment inhibited the growth, spread, and survival of the two stem cell types.

For the following questions, please refer to the original paper.  The link to the paper is: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0073464&representation=PDF

  1. What is the overall hypothesis of this experiment? (Reminder: a hypothesis is a statement that can be tested).
  2. In the Materials and Methods section of the paper, the authors discuss the cell culture and treatment conditions.  What was the control group treated with in this section (make sure to look only at the Cell Culture and Treatment section of the paper)?  Why?
  3. Again, looking only at the Cell Culture and Treatment section, what was the experimental group treated with?  Why?
  4. In the Results section of the paper, the authors clearly summary their multiple findings.  In the “EGCG Reduces Growth of Pre-existing Tumors Derived from SUM-149 Stem-like Cells” results sub-section, the authors report a specfic finding.  What specific result do the researchers report?
  5. Did the researchers follow the scientific method in their experimental design?  Explain.
  6. Based on the results, was the hypothesis supported, and what can you conclude from this experiment?

Mineva et al. (2013).  Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits stem-like inflammatory breast cancer cells. PLoS ONE, 8(9): e73464. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073464

 

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Discussion must follow the guideline as it is laid out in the assignment.

Need this work completed by February 21. Discussion must follow the guideline as it is laid out in the assignment. English and grammar construction must be graduate level. Argument must be logical to follow and must relate to subject matter. Must be original work. Reference must be in APA format. See the attached guidelines.

 

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Cohort Follow-up Studies: Cardiovascular Disease

Assignment 2: Cohort Follow-up Studies: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Due Week 7 and worth 240 points

Use the Internet and Strayer databases, and recall your readings in Chapter 11 of Introduction to Epidemiology and Chapter 7 of Epidemiology for Public Health Practice to complete this assignment.

Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you:

  1. Through cohort study designs and other evidence-based management studies, identify the major causes of CVD, and analyze the key steps, including current medications, used to address the disease.
  2. Develop at least five (5) leading questions that may be posed to your local health department in regard to mitigating the proliferation of the disease. Provide a sound rationale for raising these questions.
  3. Based on the five (5) questions you developed in Question two (2), provide a rudimentary protocol to disseminate this information to your local community leaders.
  4. Recommend six (6) steps that may be given to your current or previous place of employment to prevent the proliferation of CVD. Provide support for your recommendations.
  5. Use at least six (6) peer-reviewed academic resources in this assignment. These must come from journal sources. Note: Fact Sheets, Wikipedia, and non-academic Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Analyze evidence-based management, case-control studies, cohorts and randomized clinical trials utilized in clinical epidemiology, and decision making.
  • Examine the application of epidemiology to specific diseases.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in managerial epidemiology.
  • Write clearly and concisely about managerial epidemiology using proper writing mechanics.
 

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For the optimal pH experiment, which enzyme/substrate pair did you use?

1. For the optimal pH experiment, which enzyme/substrate pair did you use? List your results for the absorbance at one minute when the pH was 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. Based on your results, what is the optimal pH for this enzyme?

2. For the optimal temperature experiment, which enzyme/substrate pair did you use? List your results for the absorbance at one minute when the temperature was 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 degrees. Based on your results, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme?

3. For the reaction rates experiment, in the space below, record the absorbance values you obtained at 30 seconds, 1 minute, 1 1/2 minutes and at 2 minutes for 5 and 15 mls of enzyme. How does enzyme concentration influence the rate of reaction? Why?

 

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What four functions are performed by nucleic acids?

You will need access to the following article: “Stem Cell Engineering 101

PART I: SHORT ANSWER

Directions: Please answer each of the following questions.  Please ensure that your responses are at least 3 to 5 sentences in length.

1.      What four functions are performed by nucleic acids?

2.      Describe three differences in the structure of DNA and RNA.

3.      List the sequence of events that takes place when a DNA message is translated into protein.

4.      What is a silent mutation?  Provide an example.

5.      Name the four stages of mitosis and describe what occurs in each stage.

6.      Define the terms zygote, fertilization, and homologous chromosomes.

7.      List three differences between mitosis and meiosis.

8.      What is the difference between probability and possibility?

9.      In your own words, describe Mendel’s Law of Segregation.

10.    What is a Punnett square?

PART II: ESSAY

Directions: Write a 1 to 2 page, double-spaced paper in 12 pt. font in response to the following question.  Find one article using AAU’s LIRN (library) to use as support.  Please use APA format.  Please visit the Academic Resource Center for an effective guide on how use LIRN and for concise APA guidelines.

Stem Cells

Stem cell research has been very controversial in the past decade.  There are many benefits of stem cells that could potentially save lives for people diagnosed with cancer, individuals who need lung transplants, and etc.  Please look up the article titled, “Stem Cell Engineering 101” using LIRN and summarize what you learned.  The article’s information is found below:

  • Publisher: American Institute of Chemical Engineers
  • Author: Monk, Jonathan
  • Identifier: http://search.proquest.com/abitrade/docview/807390480/abstract/embedded/V5CYU9W58QV2TU
  • ISSN: 03607275
  • Location: United States
  • Source: Chemical Engineering Progress, 106(11), 35p.
 

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