Research Paper on Diamond

Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW ON DIAMONDS 1

RESEARCH PAPER ON DIAMONDS 5

Literature Review on Diamond

Gerale Ealey

Columbia Southern University

Research Paper on Diamond

Diamond is the hardest type of gemstone usually found at the earth’s surface, and it is believed to be formed over long periods of time in the mantle of the earth, this is as a result of intense heat and pressure within the mantle that reacts with carbon to form crystalline particles. Diamond has continued to be the backbone of livelihood to a lot of people who depend on its mining either directly or indirectly. Although Diamond continues to play an active role in economic development, its mining activities have had serious environmental damage and impact (Prelas, 2018). Over the years, there has been an interesting study of Diamond and its extraction to ascertain and examine whether its advantages are more compared to disadvantages. The activities of diamond mining have hurt the environment, for example in mines like Kimberley in South Africa where large deep pits have been created that are filled with water and grow wider during rainfall to up above (Prelas, 2018). Twenty meters during heavy rains as per the complication by Hayley Mathews. This has drawn attention from environmental lobbyist from South Africa like Centre for Environmental Rights and Environmental Assessment Practitioners Association of South Africa to stir up a campaign protesting against further environmental degradation of Diamond mining activities and lobbying for measures to promote the protection of environmental use (Maconachie, & Binns, 2007).

Currently Diamond business has shifted to conflict-free and environmental friendly that demonizes natural industry in the process by eliminating conflicts and delivers both social and environmental benefits. With all the factors encompassing diamond minig, social corporate responsibility is applied, that is the back door of evading the questioning the credibility of any activity that might cause harm to the enviroment, but that should not be assumed that everything is okay both the social and environmental factors need to be checked know and then (Prelas, 2018).

The Literature Review

To get a better understanding of the diamonds, and the controversy that surrounds it, the history of diamonds and its effects in the mining areas must be considered. Therefore, we bring into light some of the past views concerning diamonds (Hall, 2013). Furthermore, in this review, we are going to stress on the two sides of the controversy, starting with the pro side, which favors the diamonds due to its importance to the economy. The next one is the con side which argues against diamonds because of its harmful effects on the environment in the areas they are being mined.

A Brief History of Diamond and its Controversy

The diamonds are believed to be formed chemically in the earth’s core over millions of years ago. It’s believed that the name Diamond has a Greek origin-ADAMAS, which means unconquerable. They are formed as a result of the intense heat which is associated with pressure in the mantle which reacted with carbon to form crystalline particles known as diamonds. Diamonds are mostly found in Russia, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Austria, Canada, and South Africa. A pure diamond is colorless or transparent in color but the other colors such as pink, black, red among others. The impurities such as the nitrogen atoms found in the diamonds are the ones which cause the different colors of the diamonds. The more colorless the diamond is, the more valuable it would be. Diamonds are costly because they are a unique and valuable type of gemstone and it is scarce to find diamonds with excellent color as they are affected by impurities found in them. Even though Diamonds are considered expensive, its market has continued to grow with the increase in its demand. However, there is the emergence of controversies associated with Diamond and Diamond activities that have come to the attention of some scholars and environmentalist. Some of these controversies include the following.

The Pro Side of Controversy

Diamond mining has had various benefits in the world economy at large, having in mind that, it is a source of income to many people. A lot of people depend on the mining of diamond as a way of their likelihood. According to an article named artisanal mining. The extraction of diamond has significantly created employment opportunities for many millions of people through the world, but as the diamond mines are also depreciating making the employment opportunities to reduce significantly. Governments have been able to provide amenities to countries that take part in the business basically improving their livelihoods, for instance free education through all the levels and other sectors such as amedical through provision of low services and building hospital and clinics (Bieri, 2016). Also, the infrastructures such as the roads and power have been developed which has made trade easy as the people can quickly move from one area to another. These are the benefits come from diamond mining, diamond mining has many benefits, there are still many problems arising from it which should be controlled to avoid greater damages.

The Con Side of Controversy

Extraction of mining has posed severe damage to the environment and ecosystem as a whole. Diamond mining involves the production of large quantity of waste such that disposing of them poses a tremendous challenge for the mining industries leading to a significant impact on the environment and degradation of the aquatic ecosystem (Bieri, 2016). Even though diamond mining is less risky compared to the mining of other metals because less toxic chemicals are used, they have some health drawbacks. In mines using artisanal approach to mine that requires miners to always stand in stagnant water so that they can wash the gravel to get the gem making the sites incubator for diseases. According to Bieri, there is the assertion that diamond just as any other business that comes with great fortune, definitely has exploitations. For example, abuse of human rights and exploitation of the miners whereby their main voice are human rights activists. The blood diamond being the best example of civil war that is financed by the proceeds of Diamond sold to merchants directly or those that were being smuggled into neighboring countries, these proceeds were used to buy firearms for rebel groups that led and conducted extremist campaigns that brought a lot of suffering to the civilian (“Blood Diamond”). Also, to not to forget that as much as the diamond mining has environmental degradation issues, meaning that the ecosystem within it is affected such as the wild animals, basically they are displaced as vegetation is cleared which was their habitat, this is where the diamond mining takes place. This might to the extinction of some major species of plants and animals in the long run (Bieri, 2016).

While there is continued debate about the Diamond mining activities and its relationship to the environmental degradation, there have been various actions that have been taken into consideration to ensure that although these activities continue to take place, the environment is not severely damaged and ecosystem is wholeheartedly protected from being infringed (Hannington et al.2017). Hence Diamond mining is a phenomenon that comes with its own challenges as well as benefits. But the fact remains that the beneficiaries end up affecting other aspects of the world such as economically and social, hence important to establish a balance between the two.

References

Maconachie, R., & Binns, T. (2007). Beyond the resource curse? Diamond mining, development, and post-conflict reconstruction in Sierra Leone. Resources Policy, 32(3), 104-115.

Prelas M.A (2018). Handbook of industrial diamonds and diamond films. Routledge

Bieri, F. (2016). From blood diamonds to the Kimberley Process: How NGOs cleaned up the global diamond industry. Routledge.

Hannington, M., Petersen, S., & Krätschell, A. (2017). Subsea mining moves closer to shore — nature Geoscience

Hall, R. (2013). Diamond mining in Canada’s Northwest Territories: A colonial continuity. Antipode, 45(2), 376-393.

Diamond Development Initiative, retrieved from http://www.ddiglobal.org/artisanal-mining/issues

Blood diamond Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/blood-diamond

Dimond Mining in South Africa, by Hayley Mathews retrieved from https://hayleymatthews-diamondmining-southafrica.weebly.com/

The post Research Paper on Diamond appeared first on graduatepaperhelp.

 

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

Analysis of problems for Eco-Fone Smartphones –

Eco-Fone

The company Eco-FoneSmartphones sellssmartphones and accessories from two shops, one in Putney and one in Richmond. Eco-Fone does not currently sell laptops or tablets.

Business has fared well since it set up the shops in 2014. Indeed, it has seen a steady increase in net profits every year since start up. Recently it has noticed various trends among their customers.

One trend seems to be an increase in sales among older customers, some of whom are buying a smartphone for the first time. Another seems to be a possible significant difference in net takings from the two shops.

These tasks are detailed in the following pages and generally concern:

· Summary information

· Product information

· Customer information

· Financial Information

· Recommendations for expansion

Your report should not be a simple list of tasks. Rather, it should read as a professional business report with an introduction, sections, summary, references and appendices, in Word format.

Task 1

You have been asked to write a brief overview of the mobile phone market in the UK. Specifically, Eco-Fone would like to know summary statistics with respect to work-related activities in the period 2016-17.

Prepare your one-paragraph overview based on information from Deloitte which can be found on page 19 and data in figure 6, page 20at:

(https://www.deloitte.co.uk/mobileuk/assets/img/download/global-mobile-consumer-survey-2017_uk-cut.pdf)

Note that you should not copy verbatim the information contained in the Deloitte report. Based on the data, include your report your own mixed bar chart for 2016 (green) and 2017 (blue) for the only the top FOUR activities.

Task 2

Using an EXCEL spreadsheet, produce an appropriate line chart based on data contained in figure 3, page 13 of the Deloitte Report to represent UK adult smartphone use 2012-2017. Use your chart to forecast similar use in 2018 and 2019. Explain briefly why a linear forecast would not work well in this case. Which forecast model would work well?

Task 3

Having gained a better understanding of the smartphone market, you decide to start analysing a perceived increase in smartphone sales by older customers based on a BBC news article available at:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-41319684

Identify and summarise some of the features which make smartphones so popular with older customers.

Task 4

Currently, all of Eco-Fone’s operations are carried out at the two shops in the Borough of Richmond. The business has never operated across the border in Kingston but anecdotal evidence suggests that business is thriving. In order to initially answer Eco-Fone’s question “Should I expand my business to Kingston”, you have decided to use a ‘pros and cons method’ table (see figure T4). Complete the table and briefly summarise whether or not to expand to Kingston.

Should we expand our business to Kingston?

Pros

Score/10

Cons

Score/10

Total Pros

Total Cons

Average Pros

Average Cons

Figure T4. A ‘pros and cons method’ table for expanding to Kingston.

Task 5

If Eco-Fone does decide to expand, extended operations will require improved facilities and, as it happens, highly-suitable new premises for retail use are available in central Kingston. The new building is available for lease or sale but Eco-Fone already owns (subject to repayment mortgage) the two Borough of Richmond shops and prefers to own rather than lease. The asking price for the new building is £400,000but this might be negotiable closer to £350,000.

a)Calculate the monthly cost of a 15-year repayment mortgage of £350,000, where interest is applied to the loan outstanding at the beginning of each year and the mortgage rate is 7% per annum. Show your Excel formula in your report Appendix.

b)Represent an appropriate graphic containing any of any of the eight logos of well-known commercial mortgage lenders in the UK.

Task 6

Eco-Fone’s two retail shops offer discounted mobile phones and accessories. Both shops have been running for several months and Eco-Fone now wants to compare the net taking from both shops. A sample of 40 net daily takings from the first shop has a mean £100 and a standard deviation of £20. A sample of 40 net daily takings from the second shop has a mean of £90 and a standard deviation of £40. Are the two shops’ net takings the same? Explain your findings.

Task 7

Each year Eco-Fone has regularly processed customer questionnaires in the form of hard-copy forms filled out both in the shops and asemail attachments. The typical format of the questionnaires is shown in figure T7a.

Figure T7. A ‘pros and cons method’ table for expanding to Kingston.

Latest results are contained in the file Excel File Task 7. Use Excel to calculate average values for questions 1-6 and briefly summarise your findings in your report.

Task 8

The accounts department at Eco-Fone sends out about 10,000 invoices a month and has an average of two returned with an error per month? Quality assurance procedures require that the probability that more than three invoices will be returned in a given month should be less than fifteen per cent.

Explain why a Poisson distribution is appropriate in this case and advise Eco-Fone if quality procedures have been met.

Task 9

Prepare a list of ten to fifteen references that you have used as sources for your report, all in Harvard format. Your list should include at least one text book, website, video, news article, journal and each one should be cited at least once in the body of your report.

Task 10

Based on all the data you have considered in Tasks 1-9, summarise in just one or two paragraphs your most important findings. Also, check the overall structure and presentation of your report (see the Brief in Moodle for more details

Report Structure

Introduction -100 words

1.Analysis of Issues for Eco-Fone Smartphones – 200 words

2.An Overview of the Mobile phone market in the UK-200 word

1. Forecasting the UK Adult Smartphone use – 150 words
2. Smartphones – A potential market for older customers -200words

5.Feasibility of Expanding business to Kingston using Pros and Cons table -200 words

1. Costs of a New Building – 150 words
2. Testing the Possible Difference in Net Takings in the Two Shops – 200 words
3. Customer Satisfaction -200 words
4. Quality Procedures – 200 words
5. Conclusions &Important Findings – 200 words

The post Analysis of problems for Eco-Fone Smartphones – appeared first on graduatepaperhelp.

 

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

Compare and contrast the two potential categorizations

Assignment: Essay – You Decide
Required Resources

Read/review the following resources for this activity:

· Link (website): Pew Research Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

· https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/interactives/multiracial-timeline/

· Click on the Social Trends tab.

· Click on the Interactives tab.

· Locate the following link: How Census Race Categories Have Changed Over Time

· Click on “1790” to see two columns comparing the 1790 Census categories with the 2010 Census categories.

· Minimum of 4 outside scholarly sources

Instructions In this week’s lesson, you learned about the U.S. Census Bureau’s most recent racial and ethnic categories. For this assignment, consider the racial and ethnic categories used in the 2010 Census with the four racial, ethnic, and gender categories used in the 1790 Census: Free white males, free white females, all other free persons, slaves (Pew Research Center, 2015). Analyze the concepts of race, ethnicity, and gender as social constructs, just as sociologists do, by addressing the following:

1. Explain how you might have been categorized by the 1790 Census and how you would have been categorized by the 2010 Census.

· I’m a Full Filipino who immigrate from the Philippines.

· Race I’m brown skin, ethnicity I’m Filipino, gender female.

1. Compare and contrast the two potential categorizations and explain how this exercise shows that the concepts of race, ethnicity, and even gender change over time. Most importantly, explain how this exercise shows that the concepts of race, ethnicity, and gender are social constructs.
2. Determine and describe what ethnic, racial, and/or gender categories, if any, would be best, in your view, for the 2020 Census or the 2030 Census, to most accurately show the diversity of the U.S. population. What categories would be best to reveal the segments of the U.S. population most vulnerable to racial, ethnic, and/or gender inequalities or discrimination? What categories could be listed in the 2020 Census or the 2030 Census that might best educate the U.S. population on differences between race and ethnicity? Explain your decisions.

Include headings for each of the three main sections of the paper:

· What the Census Might Have Called Me

· Social Constructs

· Better Future Census Categories

Each of the three main sections of your paper must contain scholarly support in the form of quotes or paraphrases with respective citations from assigned reading (the textbook/lesson) and the outside scholarly source that you identify on your own.

*This assignment is adapted from Glaser (2018).

Writing Requirements (APA format)

· Length: 3-4 pages (not including references page)

· 1-inch margins

· Double spaced

· 12-point Times New Roman font

· Running header in the upper left of all pages

· Page number in the upper right of all pages

· Minimum of 3 headings (centered, bold, & title case)

· Parenthetical in-text citations included and formatted in APA style

· References page (minimum of 4 outside scholarly sources plus the textbook/lesson)

· Title page not required

The post Compare and contrast the two potential categorizations appeared first on graduatepaperhelp.

 

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"

Review the Chapter 1 presentation, paying attention to the complex nature of criminal justice organizations.

Criminal justice organizations are numerous and operate at all levels of government. They are also complex in nature, both operationally and administratively. Although similarities exist across criminal justice organizations (in terms of structure, policies, and procedures), management, administration, and response to crime vary among the organizations. For example, local communities often have specific ideas about goals and objectives for criminal justice organizations in their area; thus, organizational structure and administrative approaches may be tailored to meet specific needs.

Review the Chapter 1 presentation, paying attention to the complex nature of criminal justice organizations. Consider the impact that complex goals, environments, and constituencies have on the management of criminal justice organizations.

Review the Chapter 2 presentation. Focus on the similarities and differences among federal, state, and local criminal justice organizations.

Select one of the following criminal justice areas: courts, corrections, or law enforcement. Think about the similarities and differences between and among federal, state, and local organizations in the area you selected.

Reflect on the overall complexity of criminal justice organizations and how this impacts their management and administration.

Take a look at a day in the life of an average city police commissioner.

Report: General Accounting Office (2004). The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf

Website: Bureau of Justice Statistics

http://bjs.gov/

The post Review the Chapter 1 presentation, paying attention to the complex nature of criminal justice organizations. appeared first on graduatepaperhelp.

 

"Looking for a Similar Assignment? Get Expert Help at an Amazing Discount!"