Db Menopause 2 Responses

Reply Hollie

Although there are still many things we do not understand about sleep, it is well known that there are numerous health concerns that can result from inadequate sleep (Hackley & Kriebs, 2017). Both short-term and long-term consequences can result from sleep disturbances. Short-term consequences of inadequate sleep include: increased stress response, headaches, abdominal pain, mood disorders, fatigue, and decreased cognitive performance (Medic, Wille, & Hemels, 2017). Women with sleep issues during perimenopause and menopause are likely to suffer sleep disturbances for an extended period of time due to hot flashes, night sweats, and other factors (Hackley & Kriebs, 2017). These extended episodes of poor sleep may increase the risk of developing long-term consequences. One long term consequence of inadequate sleep is cardiovascular disease (Medic et al., 2017). Long-term sleep issues are associated with hypertension, higher cholesterol levels, increased atherosclerosis risk, and increased risk of myocardial infarction (Medic et al., 2017). Metabolic issues are also associated with long-term sleep disturbances (Medic et al., 2017). Sleep loss is known to affect energy metabolism, which can ultimately impair insulin sensitivity and increase food intake (Medic et al., 2017). These factors are known to contribute to type 2 diabetes and obesity (Medic et al., 2017). A third health concern of long-term sleep disturbance is the development of different types of cancers (Medic et al., 2017). Melatonin, an important hormone involved in the circadian rhythm and in sleep, has numerous important properties including DNA repair, inhibition of tumor growth, and scavenging free radicals (Medic et al., 2017). During clinic visits, it is always important to take the time to revisit healthy bedtime habits. It is always my goal to avoid medication unless absolutely necessary. Sometimes by revisiting healthy routines or discussing nonpharmacological interventions, patients can see great improvement in their sleep. Some basic sleep hygiene interventions include: having a consistent bed time; choosing relaxing activities before bed; avoiding alcohol, coffee, tea, or other stimulants 4 to 6 hours before bed; avoiding smoking before bed; avoiding heavy meals or spicy foods before bed; increasing daytime physical activity; and creating a comfortable sleeping environment (Santos et al., 2018). Patient should be encouraged to read or journal before bed instead of using electronic devices (Santos et al., 2018). Cognitive behavioral therapy has also been proven effective for treating insomnia (Santos et al., 2018).

References

Hackley, B. K., & Kriebs, J. M. (2017). Primary care of women(2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.Medic, G., Wille, M., & Hemels, M. E. (2017). Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption. Nature and science of sleep, 9, 151–161. doi:10.2147/NSS.S134864

Santos, M., Conceição, A., Ferretti-Rebustini, R., Ciol, M. A., Heithkemper, M. M., & Cruz, D. (2018). Non-pharmacological interventions for sleep and quality of life: A randomized pilot study. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 26, e3079. doi:10.1590/1518-8345.2598.3079

Reply Hollie

Women experiencing perimenopause and menopause often report sleep disturbances. Identify three health concerns related to inadequate sleep and clinically relevant interventions to address these concerns.

Perimenopause As a 54-year-old woman currently in perimenopause, I can attest to sleep disturbances. For about a month this past year, I had hot flashes and insomnia. It miraculously all went away, I’m hoping for good. Getting a full night’s rest is so wonderful when you have experienced the opposite. As I’ve learned from my preceptor, you have to have 1 full year with absolutely no bleeding before considered in full menopause; a chapter that I’m sure is in my future.

Inadequate sleep Depression and Anxiety Baker, Zambotti, Colrain, and Bei, (2018) discuss the relationship between sleep problems with menopausal women and depression. In general, depression increases in menopausal women but the tendency is more with women who are sleep deprived (Baker, Zambotti, Colrain, & Bei, 2018). Once study showed that women who have difficulty getting to sleep have more problems with anxiety and those who have their sleep interrupted have problems with depression (Baker, Zambotti, Colrain, & Bei, 2018). The authors discuss the fact that the circadian rhythm, interrupted during sleep deprivation, plays a role in depression in anxiety (Baker, Zambotti, Colrain, & Bei, 2018).To treat insomnia and depressive symptoms during menopause, there are a few options. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and behavioral therapy have been investigated (Baker, Zambotti, Colrain, & Bei, 2018). Supplements such as soy isoflavones have assisted in reducing menopausal symptoms including sleep deprivation in some women (Baker, Zambotti, Colrain, & Bei, 2018).

Cardiovascular challengesSleep problems interrupt the efficient automaticity of the cardiovascular system and cardiovascular recovery (Baker, Zambotti, Colrain, & Bei, 2018). Insomnia, specifically the shortened amount of sleep has been associated with coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, and acute coronary syndrome (Javaheri & Redline, 2017). Cardiovascular problems are more prevalent when insomnia is chronic; lasting more than three months (Javaheri & Redline, 2017).Behavioral therapy has been known to not only assist with insomnia but with corresponding cardiovascular disease as well (Baker, Zambotti, Colrain, & Bei, 2018).

Physiologic changes in Inflammation and Immune FunctionAukley (2018) discusses the relationship between sleep deprivation and immune function. In studies involving animal models there was shown to be a link between impaired immune function and a loss of sleep (Aukley, 2018). Asif, Iqbal, and Nazir (2017) inform us that wakefulness, rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement regulate the immune response. Inflammatory mediators increase in response to sleep loss (Asif, Iqbal, & Nazir, 2017).In addition to regulation of sleep, melatonin, a pineal hormone plays a role in immune system regulation (Jehan et al., 2017). Melatonin has been known to assist with sleep deprivation and related immune challenges (Jehan et al., 2017)

.References

Asif, N., Iqbal, R., & Nazir, C. F. (2017). Human immune system during sleep. American journal of clinical and experimental immunology, 6(6), 92–96.Aukley, D. (2018). Poor sleep in the hospital: Contributing factors and interventions. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/poor-sleep-in-the-hospital-contributing-factors-and-interventions?search=inadequate sleep&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2Baker,

F. C., de Zambotti, M., Colrain, I. M., & Bei, B. (2018). Sleep problems during the menopausal transition: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. Nature and science of sleep, 10, 73–95. doi:10.2147/NSS.S125807Javaheri, S., & Redline, S. (2017). Insomnia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Chest, 152(2), 435–444. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2017.01.026Jehan,

S., Jean-Louis, G., Zizi, F., Auguste, E., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Gupta, R., … Brzezinski, A. (2017). Sleep, Melatonin, and the Menopausal Transition: What Are the Links?. Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 10(1), 11–18. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20170003

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Identify one social policy debate reflected within the program and what underpins the views of the panel members?

Word limit = 1000 words

Watch an episode of Q and A (Monday nights on the ABC) and discuss the following:

· Date of program

· Identify the social issues discussed on the program.

· Identify one social policy debate reflected within the program and what underpins the views of the panel members?

· Discuss your own views in relation to one issue discussed on the program?

· How would you attempt to influence this social policy and why?

It is essential that students complete the readings and material provided.

· Development of argument supported by literature (5 references APA 6th )

· Critical analysis and originality

· Grammar/structure/academic writing

Episodes link of Q and A =

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Analyze and describes macro-environmental factors such as Political, Economic, Social and Technological

Pest Analysis – Audi R8 in the UAE

Introduction

PEST analysis describes macro-environmental factors such as Political, Economic, Social and Technological. It is used to evaluate environmental forces acting on an organization. It is a tool to understand market growth or decline, potential, direction for operations and business positions of the company.

When looking at the Audi R8 there are political, economic, social and technological factors that take place when launching and marketing a new product in a new place. We are launching and marketing the Audi R8 in the UAE and our goal is to make the R8 the new hot supercar of the UAE.

Political

When looking at the UAE and the automobile industry there are some factors that can affect Audi in their process of being successful. Governments around the world are favoring low emission vehicles and are creating certain standards for companies to stand by (Pratap, 2018). This will be an issue for Audi because the R8 is not a fuel-efficient car. On a positive side, each of the seven Emirates finds themselves to have separate governmental organizations, allowing for flexible management across the country (Bush, 2016).

The UAE is a reliable auto market because of low import tariffs and a range of tax incentives (United Arab Emirates – Automotive, 2018). Therefore, the entry of the Audi R8 will not face an excessive threshold. The UAE is heavily dependent on imports in the automotive industry, and almost all cars and light vehicles are imported (United Arab Emirates – Automotive, 2018). Since the target market does not have automotive severe manufacturing activities, this is an opportunity for Audi R8. The UAE’s trade policy is in line with the obligations of WTO, with few trade barriers, which facilitates the entry of automotive products into the local market (United Arab Emirates – Automotive, 2018).

Economic

High rates of roadway accidents have been also an issue in the UAE. From researching the past few year’s yearly accidents, on average there was about one fatality due to motor vehicle crashes every eight hours, and more than 25 injuries per day (Hawes, 2009). This affects the economics of the UAE because injuries related to car crashes is 2.5% of the UAE’s GDP. The overall economic loss due to fatalities and injuries reaches a total of $6 billion every year. Each fatality costs about $1.92 million while each severe injury costs around 2.2 million (Amer, 2005). The Audi R8 currently has no safety ratings because the car is too expensive to test crash. Having a car that can reach extreme speeds and has no proven safety ratings can contribute to raising these statistics.

The high GDP rate in the UAE is from their main exports are oil and natural gas. Another contributing factor to the high GDP is tourism and foreign investments this offers the government foreign ownership with no taxes. However, there are other contributors to the GDP. For example, manufacturing contributes about 13%, hotels 11%, real estate 9%, construction 9%, transportation 7%, and finance and insurance 6%. According to the UAE government report, the unemployment rate is very low and is currently at 1.78% (The World Factbook, 2018). The UAE exchange rate is stable and highly competitive. This contributes to the international purchasing power of the UAE (Waheed, 2015)

Social

The UAE has wealthy culture, since having such a high GDP and low unemployment rate, the residents of the UAE typically live comfortable lifestyles where they can afford supercars like the Audi R8 (Bush 2016).

This region includes residents and immigrants with high disposable incomes. People are interested in luxury models and have a significant demand for exceptional performance and appearance products (United Arab Emirates – Automotive, 2018). The introduction of the Audi R8 is in line with local people’s preference.

Tourism is also a major factor for the Audi, many people come all over the world to visit cities like Dubai and to experience the wealthy lifestyle. The UAE as well holds many car events in this region. Formula 1, one of the biggest racing events in the world, is held in Abu Dhabi. These events are great for showcasing cars and connecting with other car enthusiasts around the world (Abu Dhabi, 2018). The UAE is also a hotspot for tradeshows and launches for new technology and cars, having this reputation can be beneficial to Audi. Many different nationalities live in this area and travel to this area so seeing the R8 being used in the area could increase sales in other countries as well as increasing popularity in its own area (Auto Events in UAE, 2019).

The market for the automobile industry is on the rise in the UAE, it currently has the highest per capita spending on luxury vehicles than any other region in the world. In the UAE, one in six cars is sold from the premium brand with Audi, BMW, and Mercedes in the highest demand (Dubai’s Auto Industry Is On The Rise, 2019). With this growing car culture, Audi should continue to put a strong focus on this region. Different styles of cars are preferred in different cultures, fortunately, UAE prefers the higher end, luxury cars over trucks and SUV’s like other countries (Pratap, 2018). The Audi R8 falls in the category of what is socially acceptable in the UAE.

Technological

In today’s society, technology is more prominent than ever. With the UAE’s wealth to purchase the highest-grade technology and young population who knows how to use it, this country is thriving with technological factors that are important to the inhabitants of the country (Bush, 2016). Technology and innovation have become an important determining factor of market share and sales in the automotive industry (Pratap, 2018). Audi’s technology includes the Quattro all-wheel drive smart technology, green technology, LED technology, and driver assistance, cameras, sport-tuned fix suspension, Audi MMI System, Bang & Olufsen sound system, sleek exterior design, along with TFSI (Audi, 2019). These are the few of the valuable feature that will attract a customer in the UAE.

Due to the government’s encouragement of intelligent and environmental protection technology, driverless cars, hybrid cars, Hydrogen vehicles and so on are the mainstream trends (The Future of the UAE Automobile Market, 2019). Audi R8 has a high technology content, but it could not fully follow the future development trend.

Requirement :

There are TWO (2) requirements:

1) An individual contribution;

2) The TEAM contribution as per the RUBRIC.

Here is the detail on the TEAM contribution for Milestone 4:

Milestone Four: Intrapreneurial and Entrepreneurial Opportunities

On April 9th, you will submit the last portion of your draft business development plan for your company, covering the specific opportunity assessment along with the trends and discussion on sustainability. This plan will be based on the results of Milestones One and Two in that it will consider that past forces of market change and the current capabilities and limitations of the company. This plan will align the company’s efforts to exploiting intrapreneurial opportunities as well as entrepreneurial opportunities, depending on the company’s capabilities. The plan should reflect consideration of potential future impacts on these plans such as changes in the economy, market position, technology innovation, or sociopolitical factors.

The INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION is a 2 page summary with a Reference page.

For this contribution, EACH team member will identify 5 valid sources that focus on the potential future impacts on these plans such as changes in the economy, market position, technology innovation, or sociopolitical factors.

VALID sources should be those you get through the Library website.

They (SOURCES) should be properly cited using APA Style format.

Leader asked for :

Entrepreneurial opportunities/assessment and the relationship between market domain, and PEST analysis

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· International chamber of commerce for transport

FIRST PART

· BUYING VIEW

· You are a legal counsel helping to draft the international sales agreement (convert the class slides into creative legal advice)

· Sales convention advise on which clauses should include and how (for example: transfer of risk, as we are buyers is better the latest possible in the sale of the goods stage)

· Incorporate the convention clauses

· Transport take a case of buying agreement, incorporate the convention and icoterms, DRAW a bill of lading and explain how it works

· TRANSPORT pick up fictitiously two locations (part of the international sales convention), a seller and a buyer, look at the documents, how they transport (sea? air? rail?), look at the bill of lading, simulate 8ex. When do you hand over the bill of lading, when do you hand over the invoice), consignment , look at the slides and develop them (when does H&M as a buyer gas responsibility, what is the key thing, at which point it owns the goods, when do they have liability), advise on the transport roots

SECOND PART

· Look at dispute resolution

· International chamber of commerce for transport

· TRIPS

· Conventions mentioned on the slides, conciliation, arbitration

· Advising on sales: I want them to be subject to… and if there are any disputes… how you want to handle them

· UNSITRAL way to look at disputes by experts – cases in the textbook, which court/tribunal looked at them

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