Writing Research: 2000 words Body: 1800 words Recommendation: 200 words Refe

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Writing Research: 2000 words Body: 1800 words Recommendation: 200 words Reference: 12 references Research Question: Auditor’s Report The new auditing standard ASA701 Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditor’s Report is developed in the wake of the global financial crisis, in particular the collapse of Lehman Brothers. This development is in response to calls from shareholders to know more about the companies they invest in. You are required to research the auditing issues surrounding the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Further you are required to relate the issues that led to the development of the new auditing standard ASA701 Communicating Key Audit Mattersin the Independent Auditor’s Report. As a result of your research, provide the key audit matters which would be required to be disclosed in the audit report to the members of Lehman Brothers if the new auditing standard ASA701 (ISA 701) had applied in the period leading up to the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Required: Using the reference materials available on the internet, research the topic and discuss the auditing issues surrounding the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Explain how this was not forewarned in the auditor’s report which gave an unqualified opinion before its collapse. Explain how the new auditing standard ISA 701 Communicating Key Audit Mattersin the Independent Auditor’s Report may provide additional information about the impending collapse of Lehman Brothers, explaining clearly what these matters are. Also, state clearly what the auditor of Lehman Brothers would have disclosed in “Key Audit Matters” if ASA 701 was applicable then as well explain how this would be an improvement in auditing practice.

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Assignment 3: Research Project Essay The Research Project Essay will be on the

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Assignment 3: Research Project Essay The Research Project Essay will be on the topic developed and described by the student in her/his Research Proposal. The Essay will provide an opportunity for the student to utilise a theoretical framework for independent research and use key theoretical concepts in the analysis of literary or other cultural texts. Due date: Weighting: Length and/or format: 9.00pm, 31st May, 2017 50% 2000 words ENGL331: Exploring Literary and Cultural Theory, Semester 1, 2017, Strathfield Purpose: Learning outcomes assessed: How to submit: Return of assignment: Assessment criteria: The Research Project Essay is an opportunity for students to utilise a theoretical framework for independent research and to apply theoretical concepts in the analysis of texts. identify and compare the major developments in literary theory over the course of the century apply theoretical approaches to works of literature analyse and evaluate specific literary theories synthesise knowledge of literary theories in order to execute an individual research project Submit the essay through Turnitin on LEO Essays will be returned through LEO. An assessment rubric reflecting the criteria listed below will be adapted for Turnitin. ? identify theoretical concepts accurately ? differentiate schools of theoretical thought ? demonstrate reading and comprehension of texts ? utilise appropriate theoretical concepts in the analysis of texts ? present a consistent analysis of texts ? demonstrate independent research ? execute a coherent research project ? MLA citation REFERENCING This unit requires you to use the MLA referencing system. See the ‘Academic referencing’ page from the Office of Student Success for more details.

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Tri1 2017 Topics Research Paper • Inter Industry trade and Intra industry tra

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Tri1 2017 Topics Research Paper • Inter Industry trade and Intra industry trade • Internal economies of scale and external economies of scale • Monopolistic competition and Oligopoly markets • Dumping • International labour mobility and its affects on countries • Tariffs and Import duties – Affects on industries and the economies, costs and benefits of a tariff • Trade policy- Comment on Australia’s trade policy (both positive and negative impacts on Australian economy, industries and employment) • Import substitution and Export oriented approach (Compare any other developed nation with Australia) • Controversies in trade policy- Winners and losers in trade and Australia free trade agreements with Korea, Japan or China. Structure of the Research Paper • Introduction – which topic 300 words • Body- Discuss the topic in the article and with some theory -2400 words • Conclusion 300 words Note= – More marks for research – choosing a good article on something specific – Atleast 6 to 10 articles on your topic besides facts and figures – Copying theory from the book is not acceptable. – More marks for application and your comments on the topic in conclusion

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Project Title TCP/IP Networking Protocol Analysis Research Question Analyse

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Project Title TCP/IP Networking Protocol Analysis Research Question Analyse internet traffic and study the IP traffic, different major network KPIs between different applications and different IP Versions, traditional traffic and mobile traffic. Description Record and analyse internet traffic at your home network or work Network, Analyse traffic per Hour, per day, and per weak, and write your recommendations about best performance of internet traffic. Tool Used Wireshark, Microsoft Network Monitor GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT The report should be sumbmitted. The following guidelines have been put together to assist in the preparation of the thesis. The report should include the following, in this order: * Title, Author, Date * Abstract * Table of contents * Introduction * Literature Review * Experimental Procedures * Results * Discussion * Conclusions * Future work * References * Appendices (for programmes/data listings – consult your supervisor) * Abstract An abstract is a short summary of what the reader can expect to find in the body of the thesis. It should briefly state the main aims of the research, the experimental methods used, the important results and any important features of the discussion. It should be a single paragraph, no longer than half a page. * Introduction An introduction is generally about motivation. It must explain why the research was done, why it is interesting, and why a particular experimental approach was used. It therefore must: • contain some general or background information about the subject matter; • describe the industrial applications (if any) at which the research is directed; and • sets out the approach taken to the research described in later chapters. * Literature Review A literature review serves two purposes: it places the work to be described in an appropriate context in the wider spectrum of drafted scientific research; and it shows the examiner that you are familiar with the literature in your field. It is not sufficient merely to show that you have a grasp of the subject matter; you must also demonstrate that you have read the relevant literature by citing the authors of the information that you are presenting. A literature review which does not cite or reference the authors of the appropriate literature is not Acceptable. Cite the original source of the information, usually a paper in a scientific journal. Avoid, where possible, citing undergraduate textbooks; NEVER cite course notes. If you have to cite an internet website, make sure that you give the date on which it was last updated, and the date that you accessed the information. It is essential, when you refer to other people’s work, to give full details of where you obtained the information. Non-compliance with this requirement may result in your work being open to a charge of plagiarism. The preferred method of referencing the work of others is by numbered source notes: a number (either in square brackets or superscripted) is placed in the text wherever you are referring to another person’s work; this number, together with full details of the work cited, appears in the References chapter. e.g. The band structure of electrons in solids arises from the diffraction of electrons by the crystal lattice [1]. OR The band structure of electrons in solids arises from the diffraction of electrons by the crystal lattice1. Note: the number always comes before the full stop; there is a space between a word and a bracketed number but no space between a word and a superscripted number. • drafted work should be cited in numerical order (when being cited for the first time), e.g. Research on the effect of dislocation movement on ordering was carried out by Jones [5]; further work on mechanical properties was carried out by Smith [6]. NOT Research on the effect of dislocation movement on ordering was carried out by Jones [6]; further work on mechanical properties was carried out by Smith [5]. • If you refer to a research paper again later in your thesis, use the same number again, e.g. The mechanical properties of gold-palladium were investigated by Brown et al. [47] and by Smith [6]. Here is a lnk from the University Library that provides advice on this(?) * Experimental Procedures This should describe material preparation techniques and any apparatus which you have constructed, and should detail the laboratory equipment which you have used. Where apparatus has been built in-house or may be unfamiliar to the reader, provide a photograph or other relevant graphic. Mention the brand name of commercially produced equipment and also the operating conditions: e.g. Transmission electron microscopy was carried out using a JEOL 200CX transmission electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 200kV. * Results Results should be presented in as clear and complete a fashion as possible. Give the reader enough information to appraise your research. • Points plotted on a graph are not sufficient – explain how they were arrived at. e.g. The points on the following graph represent the average of ten measurements. • Error bars give a useful indication of the spread of data or the standard deviation, but once again be clear, e.g. The points on the following graph represent the average of five measurements; bars indicate the maximum and minimum of these five measurements. OR The points on the following graph represent the average of fifteen measurements; error bars show calculated standard deviation. • Beware of the following when preparing graphs and analysing data: * Joining up your data points with a line to make a nice smooth curve – • this means that you are quite sure that any new data points will always fall on your line. * Calculating a standard deviation on a small data sampling – use of standard deviation requires a statistically significant number of readings. • Tables, graphs and micrographs should all have captions, e.g. Table 1: Bulk hardness of gold alloys. Figure 13: Graph of resistance vs. temperature for ruthenium 43.7 at.% aluminium. • Figures should be mentioned in the text, e.g. Figure 3 shows that the influence of temperature on the resistance of ruthenium 43.7 at.% aluminium is not as pronounced as for ruthenium 50 at.% aluminium. • Refer to figures in numerical order. • Micrographs must have micron markers!! These should be placed in the bottom right hand corner, and be of a uniform size relative to the micrographs. If you wish to compare two micrographs they should be at the same magnification. The figure caption should explain why you have bothered to show the micrograph. e.g. Figure 5: Scanning electron micrograph of the surface of gold-palladium after five sliding wear traversals, showing slip lines adjacent to the wear track. * Discussion This is probably the most important chapter in the report. It must show the reader that: • you understand the work that you have carried out; • you recognise any limitations in your work or any anomalies that may have arisen; and, • you are able to make a reasoned analysis of your results; and that you are able to draw valid conclusions. * Conclusions This should comprise a brief overview of the important conclusions of your work, including any significance which they may have (applications in industry, scientific interest etc.). * Future work Did your research give leads towards future research? Where should any future research go from here? Give future researchers the benefit of your advice! * References This chapter comprises a numbered list of the works which you have cited, in the order in which they are mentioned in your thesis. (A bibliography is simply a list of books or papers which you have read, and has no place in a research report). Each reference should contain sufficient information for the reader to locate the reference independently. Set references out exactly as follows: A paper in a scientific journal: 1. W L Bragg, Cambridge Phil. Soc. 17, 43 (1913). (where 17 is the volume number and 43 is the page number) A book: 2. A Cottrell, Introduction to the Modern Theory of Metals, Institute of Metals, London (1988). (where -Institute of Metals- is the drafter and London is the place of publication) GETTING STARTED • Talk to your supervisor! • Have a look at previous ENGG411reports, to get an idea of what is expected (but make sure that you look at good ones.) Setting up your document – Choose a clear font. – Use 1½ spacing (single spacing is difficult to mark; double wastes paper). WHILE WRITING UP Style: This is a report, not an essay. The objective is to communicate information to the reader, not to amuse or to entertain. Take note of the style of papers in scientific journals. Write in the passive voice, not in the FIRST person or the SECOND person. e.g. The result was obtained. (passive) NOT I obtained the result. (first person) NOT You get this result. (second person). • Use correct English e.g. a metal such as gold NOT a metal like gold • Watch the structure of your writing . One idea per paragraph is a good general rule. Notation: • Do not use abbreviations unless they have first been written out in full, e.g. FIRST MENTION Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used… LATER MENTIONS Microstructure was examined using TEM… • The elements do not take a capital letter when written in full, e.g. platinum, gold. The abbreviations are capitalised, e.g. Pt, Au. When the elements appear in the text (i.e. in a sentence rather than on a graph or in a table) it is better to write the name out in full, e.g. The oxidation resistance of platinum… NOT The oxidation resistance of Pt … • When mentioned in the text, -figure- does not take a capital letter e.g. ..as shown in figure 3 OR ..as shown in fig. 3 NOT ..as shown in Figure 3. • Graphs are always y vs. x, i.e. (dependent variable) vs. (independent variable). • Always use SI units. • Check correct journal abbreviations in the science citation index. • A J Smith and P Jones = Smith and Jones A J Smith, P Jones and K Bloggs = Smith et al. WHEN THE THESIS HAS BEEN WRITTEN (BUT BEFORE HANDING IN) – Use a spell anf Grammar checker – Get someone else to proof-read. 7 Good luck!

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• PS: The topic to research is: “Using an internal intranet/social Intranet for

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• PS: The topic to research is: “Using an internal intranet/social Intranet for employee interaction” ASSESSMENT BRIEF 1 Subject Code and Title BIZ101: Business Communications Assessment Digital Resources Analysis Individual/Group Individual Length 800 words (+/- 10%) Learning Outcomes This assessment address the following subject learning outcomes: a) Demonstrate academic skills appropriate to the level of study. b) Demonstrate research skills and referencing appropriate to the level of study. c) Critically analyse texts and/or multi- modal material in both a business and academic context. Submission By 11:55pm AEST/AEDT Sunday of Module 3 (Week 5) Weighting 25% Total Marks 100 marks Context: The assessment task requires you to search and locate five (5) sources in total that will be useful for completing your proposal and report for Assessment 2a and 2b. At least three resources must be from reliable academic sources, such as articles or academic journals. The other sources can come from media sites, books, magazines, websites, YouTube and Tedtalks. • These resources must relate to your topic “Using an internal intranet/social Intranet for employee interaction” , which is on implementing a digital communication strategy within an organsiation. Therefore, it is important that you have thought about what type of strategy you wish to focus on before you start your research. If you are doing this in a group you must all agree on the topic, but the research is conducted individually. BIZ101_Assessment 1_Digital Research_Module 2 Page 1 of 4 Topic to research: • Using an internal intranet/social Intranet for employee interaction Instructions: In this assessment, you must critically analyse each resource and justify why it would be of use to your assignment on identifying a communication strategy within an organsiation. In a word or excel document please provide the following:- 1. Name of the resource (i.e. Communicating in the 21st Century) 2. Type of resource (i.e. website, article, video) 3. a) Write a brief summary on each of your resources justifying why you think they will be beneficial to your report. b) Ensure you apply the five (5) Reliability test to each source. (800 words in total for a) and b) +/- 10%). 4. Provide a full reference for each resource including a link following the APA referencing style. Submitting Your Assessment 1. Check your originality by uploading your commentary to Turnitin. 2. When the Turnitin result is less than 20%, submit your assignment through the Assessment submission area. BIZ101_Assessment 1_Digital Research_Module 2 Page 2 of 4 Learning Rubric Assessment Attributes Fail (Unacceptable) (0-49%) Pass (Functional) (50-64%) Credit (Proficient) (65-74%) Distinction (Advanced) (75-84%) High Distinction (Exceptional) (85-100%) Research 40 Demonstrates inconsistent use of good quality, credible and relevant research sources to support and develop topic idea. Demonstrates consistent use of credible and relevant research sources to support and develop topic idea, but these are not always explicit or well developed. Demonstrates consistent use of high quality, credible and relevant research sources to support and develop topic ideas. Consistently demonstrates expert use of good quality, credible and relevant research sources to support and develop appropriate arguments and statements. Shows evidence of research and reading beyond the assessment expectations. Demonstrates expert use of high quality, credible and relevant research sources that will support and develop arguments. Shows extensive evidence of research and reading well beyond the assessment expectations. Summarising resources 35 Limited understanding of topic researched and information presented does not show any evidence of evaluation and analysis of the resources. Summary is poorly written with consistent grammatical errors Information is communicated clearly with sufficient evidence of understanding of the researched sources, and information presented shows a fair attempt of providing evidence of evaluation and analysis of the resources. Summary has minimal grammatical errors. Information is clearly communicated, and there is a good level of evidence in understanding the researched sources. Information presented shows a good level of evaluation and analysis of the resources. Summary has no grammatical errors. Information is consistently communicated, and there is a high level of demonstrated evidence in understanding the researched sources. Information presented shows a high level of evaluation and analysis of the resources. Summary has no grammatical errors. Information is consistently communicated, and there is expert use of demonstrated evidence of understanding the researched sources. Information presented shows an expert evaluation and analysis of the resources with some critical thinking applied. Summary has no grammatical errors. BIZ101_Assessment 1_Digital Research_Module 2 Page 3 of 4 Assessment Attributes Fail (Unacceptable) (0-49%) Pass (Functional) (50-64%) Credit (Proficient) (65-74%) Distinction (Advanced) (75-84%) High Distinction (Exceptional) (85-100%) Referencing and Reliability test 25 The five reliability tests have not been applied to the resources. There are consistent mistakes in using the APA style for referencing. The five reliability tests have been applied to the resources with some explanation. There are minimal mistakes in using the APA style for referencing. A fair explanation for each of the five reliability tests have been applied to resources. There are no mistakes in using the APA style for referencing. A good level of explanation for each of the five reliability tests have been applied to resources. There are no mistakes in using the APA style for referencing. An expert level of explanation for each of the five reliability tests have been applied to resources. There are no mistakes in using the APA style for referencing. BIZ101_Assessment 1_Digital Research_Module 2 Page 4 of 4

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Task 3a – Literature Review Based on your research on a contemporary project m

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Task 3a – Literature Review Based on your research on a contemporary project management issue/concept, create a literature review paper covering theoretical and applied perspectives. The review should: – Cover both the theoretical and applied aspects of the topic – Critically analyse the recent literature (year 2000 ) – Identify the themes, trends, and perspectives and/or controversies – Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the literature – Identify, where possible, any gaps in knowledge – Provide a well written conclusion which addresses the major implications of the findings in relation to Project Management and the chosen topic In terms of the written presentation: – It must be academically well written – Meet the presentation standards of an academic literature review, having the following structure: o Title page, abstract, introduction, discussion, conclusion and a list of references – Use the correct discipline terminology – Adhere to the word count: 1,500 words – Use Times New Roman, size 12pt, with double spacing. – Use a minimum 10 academic and 5 non-academic references (in Harvard style – see the library for guidance) Please see the criteria sheet below for guidance: Levels of Achievement Criteria High Distinction Distinction Credit Pass Fail Criteria 1: 85 to 100 % 75 to 84 % 65 to 74 % 50 to 64 % 0 to 49 % Knowledge of Demonstrates Demonstrates mostly Demonstrates some Basic knowledge of the Little or no chosen topic comprehensive and comprehensive and knowledge of the topic topic area is knowledge of the and analysis of insightful knowledge of insightful knowledge area, with an element of demonstrated. Articles topic area is its component the topic area through of the topic area. insight. Articles selected selected for the review demonstrated and parts to identify analysis of the Appropriate and for the review are are somewhat appropriate the articles selected issues or claims relationships among relevant articles are somewhat appropriate and relevant with some for review lack statements, questions selected for review. and relevant. lapses in judgement. relevance and Weight 45.00% concepts or appropriateness. descriptions/models with the intention to express belief or judgment or experience or opinion. Highly appropriate and relevant articles used in review. 85 to 100 % A high level of evaluation in assessing the credibility of statements or other representations in the literature to determine the logical strength or weakness of the claims and their practicality. Along with a high level 75 to 84 % There is a level of evaluation and synthesis of the literature and its components including its strengths, weaknesses and limitations and where disagreement exists. Logical conclusions 65 to 74 % There is a level evaluation and synthesis of the literature and its components including its strengths, weaknesses and limitations and where disagreement exists, although this could have been further explored. Somewhat logical 50 to 64 % A beginning attempt has been made to evaluate and synthesise the literature and its components including its strengths, weaknesses and limitations and where disagreement exists although there are a number of omissions or 0 to 49 % There is little or no evaluation and synthesis of the literature and its components including its strengths, weaknesses and limitations and where disagreement Criteria 2: Evaluation of literature and synthesis of own view or argument with an application to Project Management Weight 45.00% Levels of Achievement Criteria High Distinction Distinction Credit Pass Fail of synthesis of the secure elements into an argument enabling the drawing of reasonable and logical conclusions and the inference of reasonable consequences coming from the application of the theory to contemporary Project Management. are drawn and their application to contemporary Management/HR practice is given in some detail. Perhaps limited inference on consequences or limit links between all components. conclusions are drawn and their application to Project Management is generally stated. Inference of consequences available but links not strong. lapses in judgement. Conclusions are drawn but they may not be logical and their application to Project Management practice is given only minor consideration. No inference of consequences or limited links throughout the document. exists. No conclusions are drawn or they are illogical and/or not applied to practice. No inferences of consequences. No cohesion in the document. 85 to 100 % The meaning is consistently clear. Use of discipline terminology is confident and assured. The level of presentation meets professional standards of the discipline, and there is a high level of attention to detail including grammar, syntax and spelling. Referencing and citations are appropriate. 75 to 84 % The meaning is clear. Use of discipline terminology is extensive and largely correct. The level of presentation meets professional standards of the discipline, and there is attention to detail including grammar, syntax and spelling. Referencing and citations are appropriate. 65 to 74 % Overall meaning is clear though there are minor instances of awkward/ambiguous expression. Use of discipline terminology is adequate. The level of presentation mostly meets professional standards of the discipline, with some lapses in detail in e.g. grammar, syntax and spelling. Referencing and/or citation errors. 50 to 64 % The intended meaning can be discerned but lacks clarity and/or examples of awkward/ambiguous expression. Limited discipline terminology with minor inaccuracies. Some professionalism but significant lapses in grammar syntax and spelling. Referencing and/or citation errors. 0 to 49 % Use of language fails to make meaning clear; many errors of grammar, syntax and spelling, range of mistakes indicating lack of editing and proofreading. Limited or incorrect use of discipline terminology. Poor referencing and citation errors Criteria 3: Professional Communication Weight 10.00%

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NIT6130 Introduction to Research Assignment 1 – Research Ethics Semester 2, 2

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NIT6130 Introduction to Research Assignment 1 – Research Ethics Semester 2, 2016 Due Date: 11:59pm, Friday, Week 4 Submission Requirement: submit online via a link in Assessment on VU Collaborate Value: 25% of semester assessment Objective: Develop deep understanding of research ethics in high education study. Collect and analyse ethics related information to deal with an interested research work. Have a comprehensive understanding of ethics policy used in your education institute, state and residential nation. Task: Choose one of the two options below to write up an assay for conducting ethical research in science or social science study. Please select ONE option ONLY. Option 1: Outline an interested research topic and proposed approach (what are you going to implement your research work) for your master degree study and identify the associated ethical, integrity and safety issues and risks associated with what you are proposing. For each identified area how will these be addressed through the proposed approach to key aspects of the research and how can you substantiate that the approach you are proposing to deal with the identified risks is defensible ethically in relation to codes for research and professional conduct relevant to the field? The material you develop in this topic will be able to be directly incorporated into your research project and/or ethics application. Option 2: Choose one of the following research cases and write a report on the ethics issues that may happen. You need to consider both pros and cons of certain type of research. Together with the ethics issues you will consider in the chosen case, you also need to provide the response plan to solve the problems according to the ethics policies, principles, rules in VU, VIC state and Australia. Research Cases: • Genetic Engineering • Nuclear Testing • Human drug trials (pharmacological research) • Customer expectation study on online gaming • Browser experience satisfaction on VU website • Animal research involving non-primates • Animal research involving primates • Nervous system research • Gambler behavioural analysis • Speech recognition • Smartphone hacking simulation/testing in real workplace environment • Medical history storing and sharing among public clinics via cloud computing technology • Sleep quality study General Criteria for both options: You may need to consider some or more of the following aspect in your analysis if applicable: • research design; • recruitment and gaining informed consent; • protection of human and/or animal rights; • vulnerability of your proposed participants and power differential in relationships; • data gathering approaches; • maintaining anonymity and/or confidentiality, data integrity and management, including dealing with data privacy and security issues; • record keeping; • laboratory and field procedures; • avoiding or minimizing social, psychological, legal and physical risks; • ensuring animal welfare and biosafety etc; • health and safety for researcher and other research assistants. For each aspect, you also need to provide response actions, solutions for the ethical issues, integrity and safety issues and risks that may occur. Submission format: Report: Research Ethics on [Your chosen Topic] Specific Tasks: Write a report with the following structure 1. Title page to include the following: a. Report Name b. Student Name & Student No. c. Unit: NIT6130 – Introduction to Research d. Submission Due: 5pm, Friday, Week 5 2. Table of Contents 3. Introduction – briefly introduces the report purpose 4. Research Background – summarizes the chosen research with background, research purpose and expected result 5. Pros and cons of research – lists and explains the pros and cons in your chosen research with details, examples, tables, figures or your preferred style 6. Ethics Issues, integrity and safety issues and risks – analyses ALL the possible ethics issues integrity and safety issues and risks that you may have in the chosen research and your plan 7. Response plan to the issues and risks – the response actions, solutions to the issues and risks that you identified in the previous section. 8. Conclusion – briefly states your understanding, and finding from this report 9. Reference Marking Rubric: Assessment Criteria: Mark Introduction – briefly introduces the report purpose 15 Research Background – summarizes the chosen research with background, research purpose and expected result 20 Pros and cons of research – lists and explains the pros and cons in your chosen research with details, examples, tables, figures or your preferred style 40 Ethics Issues, integrity and safety issues and risks – analyses ALL the possible ethics issues, integrity and safety issues and risks that you may have in the chosen research and your plan 50 Responses to the issues and risks 60 Conclusion –briefly states your understanding, and finding from this report 15 Reference –appropriate reference and in-text citation required 20 Report formatting – presents with appropriate formats on title page, table of content, and etc. 10 Writing 20 Total 250 (weight 25%)

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Literature review: Individual assignment (2,500 words MAX) ACCT20074: Assessme

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Literature review: Individual assignment (2,500 words MAX) ACCT20074: Assessment Item 1 How do accounting standards change? It should not surprise you that accounting standards, or even the conceptual framework, are not static documents; they do in fact change a lot over time. How does this occur, and who decides which standards should change and how? This assignment introduces you to the processes used to inform, debate and decide on changes to accounting standards. The basic questions you may wish to consider are: • Who pushes for changes, • How is it done, and • Who gets to have a say in whether the changes are a good idea or not? The two parts to the assignment below address this topic of how and why accounting standards change. In Part A, you are to do research and write a literature review into how accounting standards are changed. In Part B, you are required to review a specific instance and write about whether or not that accounting standard should change as the IASB recommends. Part A Literature Review (1,500 words, 15 marks) You are to report on the processes used to make changes to Australian accounting standards. You will find a lot of information here at the AASB web site to get you started. The AASB site is a great place to find out information on the Australian accounting standard setting environment, but you will have to read more widely than that. To address the topic in Part A, you will have to answer these two questions: 1. How does the AASB incorporate changes to international accounting standards (i.e. changes being pushed from the IASB) into the Australian accounting standards? 2. How does the AASB incorporate local, Australian issues into the Australian accounting standards? You are expected to undertake independent research into this topic, which should include finding information from: • The IASB and AASB web sites, • Professional commentary • News sites • Academic publications (which may or may not be critical of the processes). Part B Report (1,000 words, 15 marks) Please locate and read Exposure Draft ED 116. You will find the current call for comment on this ED at the AASB web site. You can download the ED in PDF format here. Write a report as if you were responding to the call for comment. Your report must cover, as a minimum: • The likely impact on company accounting if the recommended changes are written into IAS 116/AASB 116. • The likely impact of the change on countries with higher exposure to manufacturing operations. • The effectiveness, or fairness, of trying to incorporate a -one size fits all- approach with international accounting standards. In other words, should this proposed change be to international standards, or should national accounting boards such as the AASB modify their own standards if the need arises? Presentation You are to present your assignment as a single report. It should be presented according to the following outline: • Title page • Executive Summary • Introduction • Report body o Part A literature review o Part B report • Conclusions and recommendations • Reference list. A table of contents is optional.

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Research Methods Coursework assignment You are a researcher working for the F

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Research Methods Coursework assignment You are a researcher working for the Finance Ministry of a developing country. Your boss, the Minister of Finance has been asked to make recommendations to a government committee that has been charged with formulating a medium-term strategy for raising the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita over the period 2016 to 2026. Special funding has been earmarked by the government for policy measures to support this strategy. At its previous meeting, the committee decided that this funding should be devoted to a policy measure that will produce an immediate increase the country’s rate of enrolment in secondary education. It is estimated that if this proposal is implemented, the secondary school enrolment rate (expressed as a percentage of the secondary school age population) will increase immediately by about 10%, from the current figure of 35% to an estimated 45%. Since the previous meeting of the committee, however, the country has experienced a financial crisis. Senior representatives from the banks have been lobbying furiously for financial support to enable the banks to continue lending, in an attempt to avert a full-scale economic recession. They have argued that by providing emergency financial support now, the government can prevent the banks from shrinking their balance sheets; and maintaining a strong and vibrant banking sector is essential if the country is to achieve the targeted growth in its GDP per capita over the medium term. Emergency financial support would prevent a squeeze on bank lending which, in the absence of support, would reduce the ratio of private credit by deposit money banks and other financial institutions to GDP from the current figure of 0.3, to an estimated figure of 0.2. You have been asked by the Minister of Finance to investigate the empirical evidence as to whether the funding would be spent more effectively on boosting secondary school education, or on bailing out the banking sector. You can recall an empirical model that addresses exactly this type of question, which was presented in a series of tutorials/workshops in which you participated during your time as a masters student at the University. You are concerned, however, that the data that were used in this exercise are out-of-date, and you have decided that it would be a good idea to update the data and re-estimate the model accordingly. In order to complete this task, you have been assigned the following electronic resources: 1. A link to the University of Groningen Growth and Development Centre website, from which you can download ‘Penn tables’ data on the following variables: Population (in millions) Expenditure-side real GDP at current PPPs (in mil. 2011US$) http://www.rug.nl/ggdc/productivity/pwt/ 2. An Excel file indicators.xlsx, in which can be found data for 75 countries on the other variables to be used in the model (see below). You intend to estimate the model using data for these 75 countries, which are listed below, under the continents/regions by which they are classified in the Penn tables: Africa: Benin, Botswana, Chad, Ethiopa, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe Asia: Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Oman, South Korea (also known as Korea Republic), Syria, Turkey Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom North America and Caribbean: Aruba, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, United States South America: Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela The specification of the empirical model is as follows: dlypci = ?1 + ?2lypc00i + ?3lsecedi + ?4govgdpi + ?5openi + ?6crediti + ui where ypc00 = expenditure-side real GDP per capita at current PPPs in 2000 (US$, 2011 prices) ypc10 = expenditure-side real GDP per capita at current PPPs in 2010 (US$, 2011 prices) dlypc = ln(ypc10) – ln(ypc00) lypc00 = ln(ypc00) seced = percentage of secondary school-age population enrolled at secondary school in 2000 lseced = ln(seced) govgdp = share of government consumption in GDP in 2000 open = openness = share of (exports+imports) in GDP in 2000 credit = ratio of private credit by deposit money banks and other financial institutions to GDP in 2000 In 2016, your country’s data are as follows: GDP per capita (in 2011 US$) = 2450, share of (exports+imports) in GDP = 0.3, share of government consumption in GDP = 0.18, percentage of secondary school age population enrolled at secondary school = 35%, ratio of private credit by deposit money banks and other financial institutions to GDP = 0.3. Your tasks are as follows: 1. Using the electronic resources, compile the required data for the 75 countries in an Excel spreadsheet (each row should represent a country and each column should contain the data for one variable). 2. Read the compiled data into Stata, and construct the tables of descriptive statistics that are shown below. Table 1 Sample summary statistics for all countries Mean Standard deviation Minimum value Maximum Value dlypc ypc00 open govgdp seced credit Table 2 Sample means by continent/region Africa Asia Europe N America & Caribbean S America All countries dlypc ypc00 open govgdp seced credit Table 3 Sample correlation coefficients for all countries dlypc ypc00 open govgdp seced credit ypc00 – – – – – open – – – – govgdp – – – seced – – credit – Provide a brief interpretation/commentary (a few sentences) on these summary statistics. (Hint: For Table 2, use the Data Editor to create a new variable that codes each country according to continent/region. Then use the summarize command to generate summary statistics for countries within each continent/region). 3. Estimate the empirical model. Test the following null and alternative hypotheses using a significance level of 0.05: (i) H0:?2=?3=?4=?5=?6=0 against H1:?j?0 for at least one j?(2…6). (ii) H0:?2=0 against H0:?2?0. (iii) H0:?3=0 against H0:?3 0. (iv) H0:?6=0 against H0:?6?0. Provide a brief interpretation/commentary (a couple of sentences each) on the results of these hypothesis tests. 4. You are aware that estimation results for any regression model are sensitive to the presence of ‘outlier’ observations. You are aware that a rule-of-thumb remedy for an outlier problem is to create a 0-1 dummy variable for any ‘outlier’ observation with a residual larger than three times the standard error of the regression. Investigate whether there are any outlier observations in the data you have used to estimate your model. If there is an outlier observation, create a 0-1 dummy variable for this observation, and re-estimate the model. (Hint: To set up a dummy variable, use the generate command to create a new variable equal to zero on all observations, then use the Data Editor to change the required observation from 0 to 1). 5. Assume that your country’s growth in GDP per capita for the period 2016 to 2026 will be in line with the patterns suggested by your model for the period 2000 to 2010. If the policy objective is to increase growth in GDP per capita over the period 2016 to 2026, formulate your advice to the Finance Minister on the question as to whether the special funding would be better spent on boosting enrolment in secondary education, or on bailing out the banking sector. What is your estimated (logarithmic) rate of growth in GDP per capita for the period 2016 to 2026 if your policy recommendation is accepted? (Hint: Compare the fitted values of the dependent variable obtained by substituting the values of the covariates into the fitted regression equation: firstly, if the special funding is used to boost enrolment in secondary education and the banking sector is permitted to reduce lending; and secondly, if the special funding is used instead to prevent any reduction in lending, and there is no boost to enrolment in secondary education). Instructions for submission You are required to submit a concise written report (electronically via Turnitin, and one hard copy). Marks will be awarded for accuracy in the construction of the data set and in the conduct of the estimations and hypothesis tests, and for careful presentation of estimation and hypothesis test results using a format similar to what you will find in textbooks or journal articles. Stata output may be submitted as an appendix. Marks will be lost if you submit Stata output only, without bothering to write up the results in a suitable format. You are not required to submit your data, either in Excel or in Stata format. If you wish, you may work together with other students; but your final written submission must be prepared individually, and must be your own work. Submission deadline: Monday 20th December 2016

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