Please discuss the difference between prospective and retrospective payment system.

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  1. Please discuss the difference between prospective and retrospective payment system.
  2. Please identify and describe three payment reform initiatives in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
  3. Will there ever be (in your opinion) an acceptable solution for providing Health-Care Insurance to all?
  4. Do you feel it is acceptable to expect “the haves” to provide Health care Benefits for the “have nots” through the expansion plans for Medicaid?
  5. Is there a necessity for patient education with respect to insurance, both for private and government coverage? How should a patient education program be structured and delivered?
 

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Conclude with a discussion of cancer and the mechanisms of gene control

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Integrate by discussion the properties of life, basic chemical terminology, and molecules and compounds of a cell necessary for life. Include the basic anatomy and physiology of a cell and describe how cell respiration, photosynthesis, and cell reproduction occur in a succinct manner. Include a brief discussion about Mendel’s Laws and an overview of DNA structure and function. Conclude with a discussion of cancer and the mechanisms of gene control 

 

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DNA in forensic scien

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Directions: Be sure to save an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading. Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Your response should be four (4) double-spaced pages; refer to the “Assignment Format” page located on the Course Home page for specific format requirements.

Discuss the applications of each of following in biology today and include three examples of each with a brief description.

a. DNA in forensic science

b. Population evolution and microbial life

c. Biological diversity evolution

d. Plant and animal evolution

e. Population growth

f. Biomes and ecosystems

 

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Apoptosis, Crossover, and Tumor-suppressor genes

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Apoptosis, Crossover, and Tumor-suppressor genes”

For your primary post, please respond to one of the following three topics with a post of at least 125 words that addresses each point given in the instructions. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.

Topic 1 : Apoptosis. Watch the Khan Academy video about apoptosis (1)*, then address the following issues in your own words:

  • (a) What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis? 
  • (b) What is the role of apoptosis in the normal, healthy development of animals? 
  • Reminder: you don’t need to cite the Khan Academy video for this topic, but if you use any other sources, you must cite them.

Topic 2 [article]: Crossover. Read the article from the University of Rochester on a gene that influences crossover rates in fruit flies. Then address the following: 

  • (a)  Explain the relationship between crossover, genetic diversity, and natural selection.
  • (b)  Summarize the findings regarding a gene that influences crossover.
  • Reminder: you don’t need to cite the University of Rochester article for this topic, but if you use any other sources, you must cite them.

Topic 3 [research]: Tumor-suppressor genes versus Proto-oncogenes. This is a library-research topic in which you are required to provide your sources. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can contribute to or cause cancer, just as mutations in proto-oncogenes can also contribute to or cause cancer. However, tumor suppressor genes are very different from proto-oncogenes.

  • (a) Explain why a gain-of-function mutation to a proto-oncogene (or its promoter) may be associated with increased risk of cancer.
  • (b) Explain why a loss-of-function mutation to a tumor suppressor gene may be associated with increased risk of cancer. 
 

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apply knowledge of cellular and molecular processes to understand infectious disease mechanisms

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Instructions

See syllabus for full instructions and grading information

Addresses Course Outcome #1

recognize the use of the scientific method to weigh evidence, make decisions, and solve problems

apply knowledge of cellular and molecular processes to understand infectious disease mechanisms

synthesize knowledge of microbial pathogenesis and disease prevention methods and communicate this knowledge to the community

Purpose:

To critically review the work of a classmate. Specifically, your review must assess whether the critique your classmate submitted accuratelyevaluates the selected article.

Description:

For this assignment, you will:

Read the critique of one student in the class (you must select an article that is different from the article you critiqued).

Provide your opinion about the quality of the science/experiments in the article. Explain fully.

What did you learn?

What other questions could be asked to further this information?

Provide other resources (websites) or additional information related to this topic.

Can you relate the information to something in your own life or the news?

 

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What are the benefits and costs of antibody

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1. How do B and T cells differ with respect to

antigens that they bind?

2. Why is the immune response after reinfection

much faster than the adaptive immune response

after the initial infection?

3. What are the benefits and costs of antibody

cross reactivity?

 

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In your summary, include (1) the disease that was studied. (2) Define the following key terms: in vitro, cytotoxicity, vesicle, fluorescence, phase contrast.

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Read the Journal Article attachment above. Write a 1 page, double spaced, font 12, Times New Roman, 1′ margin paper summarizing the purpose of this research paper.

In your summary, include (1) the disease that was studied.  (2) Define the following key terms:  in vitro, cytotoxicity, vesicle, fluorescence, phase contrast.  Also, (3) briefly describe the four human mammary epithelial cell lines that were used.

If all the above topics (1-3) are addressed with the correct grammar, you will receive up to 20% (10pts) on your lowest exam if you get the entire assignment correct. Submit this assignment by clicking the submit tab above and uploading your document.

 

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Hawaiian Bobtail Squid, Virus Reassortment, and Endophytes

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Hawaiian Bobtail Squid, Virus Reassortment, and Endophytes”

For your primary post, please respond to one of the following three topics with a post of at least 125 words that addresses each point given in the instructions. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.

Topic 1 : The Hawaiian Bobtail Squid and its bacterial endosymbiont. In a 4-minute video clip (1), Bonnie Bassler explains the relationship between the Hawaiian Bobtail squid and it’s endosymbiont, the bacterium Vibrio fisheri. Answer the following two questions about this arrangement:

  • (a) What are the main characteristics of the partnership between these two species?
  • (b) How does each species benefit?

Topic 2 [article]. Virus Reassortment and the Alaska Connection  Read the article from MIT News (2) about tracking the spread of bird flu. Address the following: 

  • (a) The article (2) describes genetic reassortment of influenza viruses. Explain how genetic reassortment works and what the significance of it is for humans and for domestic fowl.
  • (b) The article (2) explains that one way that influenza strains enters North America is through Alaska. Explain how that works and what the significance of it is for humans and for domestic fowl.

Topic 3 [article]:  Endophytes that benefit plants. Read reference (3) or reference (4) or another article of your choosing about the relationship between plants and their endophytes. .

  • (a) Describe what an endophyte is and give a specific example.
  • (b) Provide an example of at least one beneficial effect of certain endophytes on their plant hosts. 
 

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Proposed timing of origin and proposed geographic region of origin.

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This essay must contain those requirements: ( 1 page)
1) The naming of haplogroup( L1C2)
2) The map explaining the frequency of this group among modern human populations don’t just put the map but by explanation.
3) Proposed timing of origin and proposed geographic region of origin.
4) one or more interesting facts about haplogroup proper. Citation ( genetics citation ) ( article or newspaper….).

 

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