Explain what the technology accomplishes, as well as your interest in it.

In this assignment, you will integrate new material written specifically for Assignment 4, with appropriately-edited material from Assignments 1, 2, 3, to form a coherent final paper. Please organize your paper into sections corresponding to the following requirements:

  1. Introduction. Introduce your biotechnology using appropriately-edited excerpts from Assignments 1 and 2. Explain what the technology accomplishes, as well as your interest in it. 
  2. Biological basis. Using appropriately edited material from Assignment 2, provide a full and complete description of exactly how the technology works, as well as the key biological principles that underlie the technology.
  3. Social and ethical implications. Using appropriately-edited material from Assignment 3, provide an analysis of the social and ethical implications of your chosen biotechnology. Use an honest-broker, even-handed approach, without disclosing your personal opinion.. 
  4. Personal viewpoint. In this section, use what you’ve presented in the previous sections of your paper to explain and justify your opinion about the technology.  This will provide a final summation and conclusion. [Note: do not bring up new issues in this section. Instead, refer to issues you’ve covered. If you think of new issues, then add them to one of the earlier sections]. 

Use at least 4 quality resources in this assignment. You must have a reference section which contains an SWS reference to all of your sources. Additionally, you must provide in-text citations (in SWS format) to your references in the body of the text. Integrate all sources into your paper using proper techniques of quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing, along with your in-text citations.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

 

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Tarnita’s Termites, Pacific Lampreys, and Large Brains

Tarnita’s Termites, Pacific Lampreys, and Large Brains”

For your primary post, please respond to one of the following three topics with a post of at least 125 words that addresses each point given in the instructions. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.

Topic 1 : Population Distribution of Termites in a Savanna. Watch the video (1) describing Corina Tarnita’s research on the spacing of termite mounds in savanna ecosystems, and then address the following:

  • (a) What were Tarnita’s findings about the spacing of termite mounds?
  • (b) What does Tarnita think is the main factor that governs the spatial distribution of the termite mounds?
  • (c) How do the termite mounds benefit other organisms on the savanna? 

Topic 2 :  Pacific Lampreys. Watch the video about Pacific Lampreys (2)*, then address the following:

  • (a) Where do Pacific lampreys fall in the taxonomy of vertebrates? 
  • (b) What challenges do Pacific lamprey populations face?
  • (c) Why are Native American tribes of the Northwest concerned about them? (Please note: take care not to confuse the Pacific lamprey (described in the video) with the Sea Lamprey, which is a completely different species that is considered an invasive species in the Great Lakes). 

Topic 3 [article]: Supporting the Energy Needs of a Large Brain. As discussed in the article by Zimmer (3)*, brain tissue is energetically expensive. For a species to evolve a large brain, it may need to make certain adjustments to ensure that enough energy is available to support brain function. Zimmer discusses various hypotheses about such adjustments in the human line of descent. Explain one of these adjustments. 

 

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Laboratory Term Project

Laboratory Term Project 

The final report will consist of 3 sections (below). A rubric will be provided to you depending on the nature of your project. 

A written overview of what you did and what you found (3 pages, double spaced, 12 pt. font) 

All of your data tables and observations

Photographs of your plant throughout the semester 

Observations should be taken regularly, at least twice a week. All observations should be recorded, either in a notebook or in a spreadsheet program. The exact parameters being measured will vary depending on your project, but should include some of the following: 

Correct scientific name of the plant

Characteristics of the plant (use the anatomy terms we cover in class!)

Closely related species

Height measurements (remember to use metric units)

Color observations

Age of the plant (easily attainable from the date you start your observations)

Any other plants growing on or near your plant

Observations of the immediate area (what is the plant growing next to?)

Temperature and light conditions

Any fertilizer use or pruning

Any pesticide applications

Frequency of watering (or rainfall)

Any visible damage (either caused by pests or human activity)

Any animals interacting with the plant (bird nests, squirrels, cats, etc.)

Loss of leaves

Development of new structures (fruits, strobili, tendrils, adventitious roots, etc.)

Anything specific that you notice. If it catches your eye, write it down and take a pic! 

Deadline 

Day of the final exam, midnight. Submit electronically via Blackboard as instructed in Assignments (i.e. SafeAssign). For each day your grade will be reduced by a 10% of the maximum possible for such grade. 

Remember that this is a plant project. That means no algae, no fungi and no lichens. Mosses and liverworts are okay. If you’re not sure what you’re looking at, just ask! 

Rubric 

Data sheets 5 points

Photographs 2 points

Write-up 3 points

Grade Rubric 

10 All elements of the report are fulfilled. Work was handed in on time. Formatting is complete:

9 Minor general errors, mostly complete, lacking minor details.

8 Mostly complete, some error or omissions.

7 Sizable omissions. 

6 Major problem but still a complete project 

 

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Continuing on your research from Weeks 3 and 5.

Continuing on your research from Weeks 3 and 5.

Provide an analysis of the social and ethical implications of your chosen biotechnology. Strive for an even-handed honest-broker approach in which you carefully analyze the possible benefits of the technology, as well as any possible drawbacks. For now, hold back on disclosing your point of view (you’ll get a chance to express your opinion in the final paper in Week 9).

For both benefits and drawbacks, state whether these are based on actual evidence, or based on speculation about possibilities. Consider the possible biases of both proponents and critics, if appropriate. Finally, address whether there any special ethical considerations that go beyond simply looking at the risks and benefits.

This assignment should be at least one page of double-spaced text (about 300 words) but not much more than two pages of double-spaced text (about 600 words). As always, think of the expected length as a proxy for how much to cover and how much detail to go into. In addition to your general remarks, you will need to go into depth on several issues to meet the expected length. Describe your points in a clear manner, and support them with explanations, examples, and discussions.

Hint: Merely providing a list of issues will not be sufficient for a good grade. You need to describe the issues fully, and support them. Do not copy any bulleted lists from your sources.

You must have a reference section which contains an SWS reference to your chosen article and all other sources. Additionally, you must provide in-text citations (in SWS format) to your references in the body of the text. Integrate all sources into your paper using proper techniques of quoting, paraphrasing and summarizing, along with your in-text citations. Double-space your paper. Use standard margins and fonts. Also, follow any additional formatting instructions provided by your instructor.

Objectives evaluated by this assessment:

Categorize a wide range of organisms, from single-celled to multi-celled organisms.

Describe how organisms acquire and utilize both energy and material.

Describe the cell cycle, cell reproduction, and control.

Investigate DNA and gene expression as well as technologies based on our understanding of them.

Discuss interactions between organisms in ecosystems.

 

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Discuss how the findings of at least two other articles support or contradict the findings of the main article.

In the CSU Online Library, locate a research article that discusses an industrial or environmental toxicant that causes nephrotoxicity. 

The article that you review should be at least two pages in length and no more than five years old. The Academic OneFile database in the CSU Online Library is a great place to begin your research. Review the article and briefly summarize the purpose for the study.

 The discussion should include the following:

  1. Include a summary of the purpose of the research and the research findings.
  2. Discuss how the findings of at least two other articles support or contradict the findings of the main article.
  3. Discuss how this information might be useful in the field of safety.

Your critique should be at least three pages in length, not including title and reference pages. 

The article critique should include a minimum of three sources, including the article you review as well as the textbook. 

Use APA format for your critique, including all references and in-text citations.

The article for critique is: Enhancement of Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity by Morphine and Its Attenuation by the Opioid Antagonist Naltrexone  

Authors: Atefeh Aminian1,4*, Shiva Javadi1*, Reza Rahimian1,2, Ahmad Reza Dehpour1,2, Fahimeh Asadi Amoli3 , Payman Moghaddas1 , and Shahram Ejtemaei Mehr1 

 

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C A S E 6.4 DEVELOPING A HELICOPTER COMPONENT FOR THE ARMY The Ventron Engineer

C A S E 6.4 DEVELOPING A HELICOPTER COMPONENT FOR THE ARMY The Ventron Engineering Company has just been awarded a $2 million development contract by the U.S. Army Aviation Systems Command to develop a blade spar for its Heavy Lift Helicopter program. The blade spar is a metal tube that runs the length of and provides strength to the helicop- ter blade. Due to the unusual length and size of the Heavy Lift Helicopter blade, Ventron is unable to produce a single-piece blade spar of the required dimensions using existing extrusion equipment and material. The engineering department has prepared two alternatives for developing the blade spar: (1) sectioning or (2) an improved extrusion process. Ventron must decide which process to use. (Backing out of the contract at any point is not an option.) The risk report has been prepared by the engineer- ing department. The information from this report is explained next. The sectioning option involves joining several shorter lengths of extruded metal into a blade spar of sufficient length. This work will require extensive testing and rework over a 12-month period at a total cost of $1.8 million. Although this process will definitely produce an adequate blade spar, it merely represents an extension of existing technology. To improve the extrusion process, on the other hand, it will be necessary to perform two steps: (1) improve the material used, at a cost of $300,000, and (2) modify the extrusion press, at a cost of $960,000. The first step will require six months of work, and if this first step is successful, the second step will require another six months of work. If both steps are successful, the blade spar will be available at that time, that is, a year from now. The engineers estimate that the probabilities of succeeding in steps 1 and 2 are 0.9 and 0.75, respectively. However, if either step is unsuccessful (which will be known only in six months for step 1 and in a year for step 2), Ventron will have no alternative but to switch to the sectioning process—and incur the sectioning cost on top of any costs already incurred. Development of the blade spar must be com- pleted within 18 months to avoid holding up the rest of the contract. If necessary, the sectioning work can be done on an accelerated basis in a six-month period, but the cost of sectioning will then increase from $1.8 million to $2.4 million. The director of engineering, Dr. Smith, wants to try developing the improved extrusion process. He reasons that this is not only cheaper (if successful) for the current proj- ect, but its expected side benefits for future projects could be sizable. Although these side benefits are dif- ficult to gauge, Dr. Smith’s best guess is an additional $2 million. (These side benefits are obtained only if both steps of the modified extrusion process are completed successfully.) a. Develop a decision tree to maximize Ventron’s EMV. This includes the revenue from this project, the side benefits (if applicable) from an improved extrusion process, and relevant costs. You don’t need to worry about the time value of money; that is, no discounting or net present values are required. Summarize your findings in words in the spreadsheet. b. What value of side benefits would make Ventron indifferent between the two alternatives? c. How much would Ventron be willing to pay, right now, for perfect information about both steps of the improved extrusion process? (This information would tell Ventron, right now, the ultimate success or failure outcomes of both steps.) ■ 276 Chapter 6 Decision Making Under UncertaintyNote: You will need to use Excel and the textbook add-in, “Precision Tree.”

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Background When encoding messages one simple option is a substitution cipher. A

Background When encoding messages one simple option is a substitution cipher. A substitution cipher replaces certain letters of the alphabet with other letters. For example, for each B in a message, a cipher may instead write Q and so on and so forth for the other letters of the alphabet. Unfortunately, a much more classic cipher was used last year, so this year I have produced a completely contrived one!! Here is the logic. It is a variation on the idea, that you replace A with Z, B with Y, C with X and so on through the alphabet. In essence the first letter becomes the last letter. To make this arbitrarily annoying to program, I have decided to instead of just reversing from A to Z, the program should be able to arbitrarily shuffle from any start point to any end point. For example: If I swap from C to F, all C’s becomes F’s, all D’s become E’s, all E’s become D’s, all F’s become C’s. All other letters remain unchanged. Now, fortunately Unix has a function that will greatly simplify this process called translate (shortened to tr). If given a few parameters, translate can perform an arbitrary cipher. For example: tr ‘[abc]’ ‘[123]’ Will simply turn all a’s into 1’s, all b’s into 2’s and all c’s into 3’s. Translate also has a neat hyphen syntax for translating consecutive characters. tr ‘[a-m]’ ‘[A-M]’ … will convert the first 13 letters of the alphabet (a-m) from lower case to upper case! This won’t be particularly useful for this practical (or maybe it will?). However translate is essential for those who don’t want to lose their minds.Task 1 Write a shell script called create_pattern.sh (the name must be EXACTLY correct) that takes two switches as parameters. The idea is that create_pattern will output a string suitable for translation that looks something like this: tr ‘[ABC]’ ‘[CBA]’ The switches are defined as follows: • -u: Where present (can be absent) will apply the rule to only UPPER CASE LETTERS • -s: Will be followed by two parameters, both integers representing the first and last letter (INCLUSIVE) which will be involved (and thus all the letters in between) where A=1 and Z=26 (whether upper or lower case). If it is still not clear, here is an example: • ./create_pattern -u -s 5 7 Will produce: • tr ‘[EFG]’ ‘[GFE]’ If it is still not clear, here is an example: • ./create_pattern -s 15 19 Will produce: • tr ‘[opqrs]’ ‘[srqpo]’ Please don’t do the opposite. I can’t be bothered writing two marking scripts WARNING: There is a very stupid way to do this practical. You could write a giant if-else statement for each possible pair of input numbers. That said, given there are ~650 legal combinations… I mean, why would you do this? It will not be met with… happiness (by that I mean good marks or… marks).

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 Using the resources from this module, list several general principles that you

 Using the resources from this module, list several general principles that you believe are important for sound questionnaire design. Then choose one of the questionnaires listed below and discuss the ways the questionnaire fits or violates your principles. It is fully understood that several of your principles may not easily be applied to these questionnaires because you do not know the exact background of how the scales were developed. Instead, focus on the principles you developed regarding item wording, response options, question order, and so on. Big 5 Personality Inventory (Goldberg, 1993): One of the most commonly used measures of personality; scale on pages 3–4, scoring on page 4 Procrastination Scale (Lay, 1986): A scale intended to measure procrastination in student populations; scoring information on the second page Disgust Scale (Haidt, McCauley, & Rozin, 1994; Modified by Olatunji et al., 2007): A scale intended to measure disgust; scoring information at the bottom of the page  

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18. Why did so many African-American leaders reject Marcus Garvey?19. How did t

18. Why did so many African-American leaders reject Marcus Garvey?19. How did the black nationalism of the Universal Negro Improvement Association differ from the white nationalism of the Ku Klux Klan? 20. What economic opportunities existed for African Americans who had migrated to northern cities? 21. How do you explain the emergence of the literary and artistic movement known as the Harlem Renaissance? 22. How distinctive were black writers, artists, and musicians? Were their creative works essentially a part of American culture or separate from it? 23. Were there any genuine reasons for optimism among African Americans by the late 1920s?

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