What nutrition recommendations would you give Shelly in regard to fat intake to address both her physical and dietary needs over the next 12 months as she trains for the swim?

Shelley is a marathoner from Austin, Texas. She has been competing in marathons for more than five years and the type of person who enjoys taking on the physical challenges. Although she is not an experienced swimmer, she has agreed to join some friends in tackling the challenge of swimming the English Channel. The plan is to train for a year and then make an attempt at swimming the channel. Because of these energetic demands of her sport, she is extremely lean and in excellent cardiovascular shape. She loves the warm temperatures in the south and gets chilled easily, which is a concern of hers because she knows that water temperatures in the channel are very cold.

  • What nutrition recommendations would you give Shelly in regard to fat intake to address both her physical and dietary needs over the next 12 months as she trains for the swim? Include suggestions for fat intake before, during, and after the actual channel swim.
 

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Explain how the lifecycle of the Red Knot depends on hatchlings emerging at the same time as the insects hatch.

Keystone Species, Shrinking Red Knots, and Biomes”

For your primary post, please respond to one of the following three topics with a post of at least 125 words that addresses each point given in the instructions. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.

Topic 1 :  Keystone Species. Watch the video entitled “Some animals are more equal than others…” (1)* Then completely describe the concept of a keystone species, giving specific examples from the video. 

Topic 2 [articles]: Shrinking Red Knots. Read two of the following three articles about shrinking Red Knots (2)*, (3)*, (4)*, or research additional information on your own. Then, address the following issues:   

  • (a) Explain how the lifecycle of the Red Knot depends on hatchlings emerging at the same time as the insects hatch.  
  • (b) What are the long-term ramifications of having a mismatch between the bird hatch and the insect hatch? 
  • (c) Of the two articles you read, which of them do you feel was most informative?  Why?

Topic 3 [research]: Biomes. The term “biome” is described in the textbook. For this topic, describe the biome where you grew up (or where you currently live). Identify your location, the biome of the region, and describe the major characteristics of that biome. Add enough detail and commentary from your own experience, so that your answer is 125 words or more. If you’re really ambitious, you could consider looking up the EPA “ecoregion,” which will give additional details about your region. 

 

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Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning

Theme 1

Each student will have to select and discuss a case study.  The Case Study can involve a bacterial, viral, parasitic, or fungal infection or an intoxication caused by an infectious agent (such as Botulism or Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning, to name two). 

The discussion should present information about the disease, including symptoms, pertinent diagnostic tests, laboratory (including Microbiology) and physical findings, treatments, and prognoses. 

Please write the whole scenario on your discussion thread for referencing. 

Case 10

A 22-year old woman presents    at the walk-in health clinic with slight fever (38.5C), a complaint of frequent    urination, burning on urination, vaginal discharge and a small lesion on the    labia. 

The woman reported that    she was moderately sexually active and had three sexual partners in the past    six months. Her last sexual contacts were about 7 days earlier. She had developed    mild symptoms about 5 days earlier, beginning with a discharge from the vagina.    She began having pain on urination about 3 days earlier.

Urine analysis revealed    a pH of 8.2, some white cells and a few red blood cells. There was protein in    the urine. A smear of the vaginal secretion showed a number of Gram-negative    cocci.

1. What is your diagnosis      here?

2. What clinical features      are critical to your diagnosis?

3. What further actions      must be taken?

Theme 2

Mutations in PDE6β gene result in a progressive loss of vision. Describe generation of a potential viral vector for treatment of this disease. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using this viral vector in gene therapy? 

Theme 3

Clostridium difficile (C. diff.) is an opportunistic intestinal bacteria causes severe forms of diarrhea and bowel inflammatory disease. Search and discuss the treatment of C. diff. with Bacteriophages. Are there other types of bacterial infections treated with bacteriophages? What is the mode of action of this treatment option and what is the proposed route of delivery? 

 

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Keystone Species, Shrinking Red Knots, and Biomes

Keystone Species, Shrinking Red Knots, and Biomes”

For your primary post, please respond to one of the following three topics with a post of at least 125 words that addresses each point given in the instructions. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.

Topic 1 :  Keystone Species. Watch the video entitled “Some animals are more equal than others…” (1)* Then completely describe the concept of a keystone species, giving specific examples from the video. 

Topic 2 [articles]: Shrinking Red Knots.Read two of the following three articles about shrinking Red Knots (2)*, (3)*, (4)*, or research additional information on your own. Then, address the following issues:   

  • (a) Explain how the lifecycle of the Red Knot depends on hatchlings emerging at the same time as the insects hatch.  
  • (b) What are the long-term ramifications of having a mismatch between the bird hatch and the insect hatch? 
  • (c) Of the two articles you read, which of them do you feel was most informative?  Why?

Topic 3 [research]: Biomes. The term “biome” is described in the textbook. For this topic, describe the biome where you grew up (or where you currently live). Identify your location, the biome of the region, and describe the major characteristics of that biome. Add enough detail and commentary from your own experience, so that your answer is 125 words or more. If you’re really ambitious, you could consider looking up the EPA “ecoregion,” which will give additional details about your region. 

 

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Can Eating Insects Save the World

  • Watch the BBC documentary, “Can Eating Insects Save the World?” (59 min).
  • Copy the questions below and answer them in the text box. You can also copy and paste from the file provided.
  • THIS IS A WRITING ASSIGNMENT so take care in preparing your responses. There should be at least 5 paragraphs and 350-500 words in total. 
  1. List and discuss the health benefits of eating insects.
  2. List and discuss the benefit(s) to the environment.
  3. List and discuss the impact(s) on the planet and the human population.
  4. Can you think of some disadvantages of eating insects? Do a bit of research to verify your claim either way. Briefly present your evidence in support of your answer.
 

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recognize the use of the scientific method to weigh evidence, make decisions, and solve problems

Addresses Course Outcomes #1, #2, #3

  • recognize the use of the scientific method to weigh evidence, make decisions, and solve problems
  • apply knowledge of cellular and molecular processes to understand infectious disease mechanisms
  • synthesize knowledge of microbial pathogenesis and disease prevention methods and communicate this knowledge to the community

A scientific case study is a short summary of an event or personal experience that ends in a “mystery”—in this case, one that you will solve using your own research and the clues provided within the case study. For this project, you will evaluate a patient-centered case study that explores a mysterious bacterial or viral illness. The case study will include a set of questions to guide your analysis.

Your paper should include the following:
 

Paper format:
Once you have gathered all of your information, you will organize your case study analysis into an essay of 1,000 to 1,500 words (not including original case study OR references). The essay should include in-text citations and references formatted in APA style.

Format Guidelines: (please separate “pages” with a horizontal line in the text box)
 – Page 1: Should include the following:
 – Name
 – Case study text you were given (do not include the questions)

Page 2: Begin your paper here

Brief introduction to the disease and the bacterial or viral cause of the disease.

Use the evidence provided in the case study and the information you have gathered from references to support your conclusions.

The answers to the case study questions should be worked into your final document in a logical, well-organized manner. Think of the questions as a guide to help you with the content of your paper. You should NOT simply answer these questions one by one in your paper.

Paper should be 1,000 to 1,500 words (not including original case study or references).

Use in-text citations and include reference citations at the end of the paper

References:
 You must have a minimum of two outside sources to support your evaluation.
 These can consist of any of the following: books, textbooks, scholarly journal articles, and websites run by reputable government organizations (such as the CDC or NIH).
 You may have additional references as well. All of your references should be no more than six years old (published in 2005 or later).

Citations: 

You should include BOTH in-text citations and a final reference page formatted in APA style. Please see http://www.umuc.edu/library/citationguides.shtml for additional information on how to format citations and references in APA style.
 All work must be original work written by you and your group members. Your paper may be checked for plagiarism, so please make a concerted effort to use and cite your sources appropriately. Any submitted work that is not your own, or incidences of plagiarism, will be reported to UMUC administration.

 

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McArdle’s Disease Case Study

OPTION 1: McArdle’s Disease Case Study

  1. Explain what McArdles’s Disease is.
  2. Explain why there is little lactic acid formed.
  3. How would this disease affect the metabolic response to different kinds of exercise?
  4. What kind of exercise recommendations would you make to minimize problems associated with exercise?
 

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How did her cardiac output change to account for this Vo2max?

1. A carbohydrate overload model was used in 8 horses to evaluate Starling forces and hemodynamics of the digit during the prodromal stage of acute laminitis.A pump-perfused extracorporeal digital preparation was used to evaluate blood flow, arterial pressure, venous pressure, capillary pressure, isogravimetric capillary filtration coefficient, osmotic reflection coefficient, and vascular compliance. From these data, pre- and postcapillary resistances and pre- to postcapillary resistance ratios were determined. Vascular and tissue oncotic pressures were estimated from plasma and lymph protein concentrations, respectively. The osmotic reflection coefficient, an estimation of capillary permeability, was determined by means of the lymph protein wash-down technique. Using the collected data, tissue pressure in the digit was calculated by use of the Starling equation.

In the isolated digit, mean isogravimetric capillary pressure was 55.13 mm of Hg.

Mean plasma and lymph oncotic pressures were 22.29 mm of Hg and 7.2 mm of Hg.

The mean osmotic reflection coefficient was 0.66.

The mean capillary filtration coefficient was 0.003 ml/min/mm of Hg/100 g, and mean interstitial fluid pressure was 44.82 mm of Hg.

The high capillary pressure appeared to be caused by high vascular resistance from the venous side, predisposing to enhanced capillary filtration and interstitial fluid accumulation.”

What is the lymph production rate in these horses?

2. Jane made an appointment with your clinic because her dog has been experiencing breathlessness upon mild exertion. You prescribe a Vo2max test to be done to determine the cause of this exertional dyspnea. On the morning of the test you check your barometer to enter the correct value into your metabolic measurements software, and it read 758 mmHg. When you scheduled Jane’s appointment, you instructed her to feed her dog a protein rich breakfast (R=0.8) in preparation for this Vo2max test. You and your exercise technician assist Jane’s dog onto a treadmill and outfit her with a mask to collect all of her expired gases (the in-line pneumotachograph measures her tidal volume and breathing frequency) and a pulse-oximeter which will measure her heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation (98%). Before beginning the Vo2max test, you establish her normal resting cardio-pulmonary values. You measure her average resting tidal volume to be 100 mL and her breathing frequency to be 30 per minute. The oxygen analyzer readings swing between 0.2095 and 0.1781 as each breath is analyzed, and your administration of a helium dilution test reveals that dead space volume is 30 mL. Your radiologist has set up imaging equipment and is able to visualize blood flow in the heart; he reports that at rest Jane’s dog’s end-diastolic volume is 53 mL and that her end-systolic volume is 6 mL. Corresponding arterial pressure measurements reveal 90 mmHg during diastole and 140 mmHg during systole with a heart rate of 82 beats each minute. Blood tests revealed that her hematocrit levels were 16 g 100mL-1.

– What was Jane’s dog’s venous oxygen content?

Once baseline measurements were recorded, you had the dog begin running. Once she reached Vo2max, your radiologist reported that end-diastolic volume had increased 4-fold, but end-systolic volume had not changed. Jane’s dog’s Vo2max was 1234 mL min-1, and her oxygen extraction doubled.

– How did her cardiac output change to account for this Vo2max? What might be a few of the reasons for Jane’s dog’s exertional dyspnea?

– What else would you want to know to make a diagnosis? You are concerned about Jane’s dog’s high systolic pressure even at rest; what practical advice would you give Jane about reducing her dog’s blood pressure? Why (what are the physics which underlie your reasons)?

 

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Endocrinology and Neurology Departments

Writing and Pronunciation—Endocrinology and Neurology Departments

By the due date assigned, you will write the final 2 reports, referring to the departments of Endocrinology and Neurology and use them as your script for your Week 5 Oral Report. Your writing section for this assignment will include 2 paragraphs for each department.

In order to earn the maximum credit for the written report you need to incorporate at least 10 medical terms for each department, using them in a manner that demonstrates your knowledge of their meaning.

  • Include the major or most common diseases or conditions seen in each department.
  • Include at least three of the principal procedures that are relevant to each department.
  • Highlight pertinent laboratory and radiological diagnostic services relevant to each department.
  • Limit your analysis of each department to two paragraphs.
 

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