Questions to Be Graded EXERCISE 26

 

Follow your instructor ’ s directions to submit your answers to the following questions for grading.

 

Your instructor may ask you to write your answers below and submit them as a hard copy for

 

grading. Alternatively, your instructor may ask you to use the space below for notes and submit your

 

answers online at http://evolve.elsevier.com/Grove/Statistics/ under “Questions to Be Graded.”

 

Name: _______________________________________________________ Class: _____________________

 

Date: ___________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

 

 

1. Plot the frequency distribution for “Age at Enrollment” by hand or by using SPSS.

 

2. How would you characterize the skewness of the distribution in Question 1—positively skewed,

 

negatively skewed, or approximately normal? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

3. Compare the original skewness statistic and Shapiro-Wilk statistic with those of the smaller

 

dataset ( n = 15) for the variable “Age at First Arrest.” How did the statistics change, and how

 

would you explain these differences?

 

4. Plot the frequency distribution for “Years of Education” by hand or by using SPSS.

 

290 EXERCISE 26 • Determining the Normality of a Distribution

 

Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 

5. How would you characterize the kurtosis of the distribution in Question 4—leptokurtic, mesokurtic,

 

or platykurtic? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

6. What is the skewness statistic for “Age at Enrollment”? How would you characterize the magnitude

 

of the skewness statistic for “Age at Enrollment”?

 

7. What is the kurtosis statistic for “Years of Education”? How would you characterize the magnitude

 

of the kurtosis statistic for “Years of Education”?

 

8. Using SPSS, compute the Shapiro-Wilk statistic for “Number of Times Fired from Job.” What

 

would you conclude from the results?

 

9. In the SPSS output table titled “Tests of Normality,” the Shapiro-Wilk statistic is reported along

 

with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. Why is the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic inappropriate

 

to report for these example data?

 

10. How would you explain the skewness statistic for a particular frequency distribution being low

 

and the Shapiro-Wilk statistic still being signifi cant at p < 0.05?

 

Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 291

 

Calculating Descriptive Statistics

 

There are two major classes of statistics: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

 

Descriptive statistics are computed to reveal characteristics of the sample data set and to

 

describe study variables. Inferential statistics are computed to gain information about

 

effects and associations in the population being studied. For some types of studies,

 

descriptive statistics will be the only approach to analysis of the data. For other studies,

 

descriptive statistics are the fi rst step in the data analysis process, to be followed by inferential

 

statistics. For all studies that involve numerical data, descriptive statistics are

 

crucial in understanding the fundamental properties of the variables being studied. Exercise

 

27 focuses only on descriptive statistics and will illustrate the most common descriptive

 

statistics computed in nursing research and provide examples using actual clinical

 

data from empirical publications.

 

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

 

A measure of central tendency is a statistic that represents the center or middle of a

 

frequency distribution. The three measures of central tendency commonly used in nursing

 

research are the mode, median ( MD ), and mean ( X ). The mean is the arithmetic average

 

of all of a variable ’ s values. The median is the exact middle value (or the average of the

 

middle two values if there is an even number of observations). The mode is the most

 

commonly occurring value or values (see Exercise 8 ).

 

The following data have been collected from veterans with rheumatoid arthritis ( Tran,

 

Hooker, Cipher, & Reimold, 2009 ). The values in Table 27-1 were extracted from a larger

 

sample of veterans who had a history of biologic medication use (e.g., infl iximab [Remicade],

 

etanercept [Enbrel]). Table 27-1 contains data collected from 10 veterans who had

 

stopped taking biologic medications, and the variable represents the number of years that

 

each veteran had taken the medication before stopping.

 

Because the number of study subjects represented below is 10, the correct statistical

 

notation to refl ect that number is:

 

n 10

 

Note that the n is lowercase, because we are referring to a sample of veterans. If the

 

data being presented represented the entire population of veterans, the correct notation

 

is the uppercase N. Because most nursing research is conducted using samples, not populations,

 

all formulas in the subsequent exercises will incorporate the sample notation, n.

 

Mode

 

The mode is the numerical value or score that occurs with the greatest frequency; it does

 

not necessarily indicate the center of the data set. The data in Table 27-1 contain two

 

EXERCISE

 

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Are some products too dangerous to be marketed in any circumstance? What regulations, if any, would you place on marketing cigarettes? Handguns? Prescription drugs? 200 word reply

 

For this assignment, you will read a case and answer a series of questions concerning an analysis of ethical considerations governing marketing practices, as leaders are responsible for such endeavors. Begin by reading the following case, which is attached.

 

 

Datamonitor. (2010, July). Ambush marketing case study: Successfully leveraging high-profile events to raise brand profile. (Reference Code CSCM0326).

 

 

Then, draft a two-page paper by addressing each of the following:

 

In your own words, how would you describe “ambush marketing”? Include two examples with your description. What are the advantages and disadvantages (risks and consequences) of ambush marketing? What was Bavaria Beer hoping to achieve through its ambush marketing tactics? Would you consider Bavaria Beer’s ambush marketing an unethical practice or simply a competitive strategy? Explain. Can ambush marketing be both intentional and unintentional? Explain. As a leader of an organization, would you allow the practice of ambush marketing? Explain.

Be sure to demonstrate a clear analysis as you address each question. Use APA style to format your assignment.

 

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Assignment 3: Leadership of Richard Branson

Due Week 10 and worth 360 points

 

Using the Internet or Strayer University databases, research the leadership style and characteristics of Richard Branson, Virgin Group.

 

Write a six to seven (6-7) page paper in which you:

1. Assess the key elements of Richard Branson’s leadership style and the impact that those elements have had on his business success. Provide support for your rationale.
2. Given that The Virgin Group has been described as a fast-growing entrepreneurial company with many facets to the group, suggest how the unique aspects of Richard Branson’s leadership style mesh successfully with the particular attributes of a multifaceted organization like Virgin.
3. Determine two (2) key ways in which Richard Branson is likely to motivate employees in order to achieve his goals for the Virginia Group. Indicate whether or not his approach is likely to work in a different organizational setting. Provide support for your rationale.
4. Assess the effectiveness of Richard Branson’s ability to articulate and communicate his vision for his company to employees and other stakeholders. Provide support for your rationale.
5. Assume that you have received a job offer to be a manager within the Virgin Group. Determine the criteria you would use to evaluate whether Richard Branson’s leadership style is a good fit for you as a manager and what conclusion you may draw about working under this type of leader.
6. Take a position on whether or not you believe Richard Branson is a global leader. Justify your position and provide support for your justification.
7. Predict Richard Branson’s success as a leader over the next five (5) years. Support your prediction.
8. Use at least three (3) quality academic resources. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

 

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

 

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Purpose of Assignment

Electronic spreadsheets are useful tools, especially when creating a business budget. Once a spreadsheet is set up correctly in Excel®, values can be modified at any time, and the electronic spreadsheet will automatically update itself. Students will create a spreadsheet of computer equipment for a small fictional business where they are the owner. They will include the cost of all hardware and software needed for their employees, and calculate a monthly budget for the equipment.

Assignment Steps

Resources:

Research hardware and software to satisfy operational requirements described above
Microsoft Office 365, Office 2016: Introductory: Module 1: Creating a Worksheet and a Chart
Microsoft Office 365, Office 2016: Introductory: Module 2: Formulas, Function, and Formatting
Scenario: Imagine you are the owner of a small internet business where you employ five people. You need to budget for the cost of hardware and software needed to run company operations. Each employee is required to work both in the office and remotely, and needs access to company data at all times.

Choose the hardware and software that will provide your employees with the ability to stay connected to internal company data, communicate and collaborate with coworkers, and process data and sales information using wording, processing, and spreadsheet software applications.

Create a business budget sheet using Microsoft® Excel®. In the budget sheet, do the following:

List the make and model of desired hardware devices and their cost.
List software operating systems and applications for each device and their costs.
Sum up the cost for both hardware and software for each employee, and then calculate the average monthly costs to maintain these systems.
Insert a graph or chart displaying total costs graphically.
Label columns/rows with titles reflecting data they contain.
Use no more than two sheets in one workbook to display required data.
Format data to highlight important totals.
The Budget sheet should be 1,400 words.

Note: this assignment only requires that you submit an Excel® Workbook file. There are no written or APA guideline requirements.

 

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