The Brazilian Federal Data Processing Service

Snooping in Brazilian Government
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Case Study 1: The Brazilian Federal Data Processing Service
worth 130 points
Read the case study titled, “Brazil to fortify government email system following NSA snooping revelations,” located here and at http://www.networkworld.com/news/2013/101413-brazil-to-fortify-government-email-274802.html.
Use the Internet to research the architectures that other government organizations and intelligence agencies use for email privacy, if any.
Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:
1. Examine the proposed business ethical problem that the Brazilian Federal Data Processing Service is presently experiencing. Determine whether you agree or disagree that Brazil’s problem is an ethical one that should be corrected. Provide a rationale for your response.
2. Assess the levels of security deficiencies inherent in the Brazilian Federal Data Processing Service original enterprise architecture. Conclude whether or not Brazil could have previously considered its current problem and built an original architecture that would have prevented the problem in question. Provide a rationale for your response.
3. Evaluate the quality of the Brazilian Federal Data Processing Service’s proposed architecture plan geared toward solving the security problem. Suggest two (2) other possible architecture solutions that the Brazilian Federal Data Processing Service should consider. Justify your response.
4. Determine whether or not one (1) of the governments or intelligence agencies that you researched has taken precautions to avoid a security breach similar to the one that the Brazilian Federal Data Processing Service had experienced. If this government organization or intelligence agency has taken precautions to avoid a similar security breach, provide one (1) example of such a precaution. If this government organization or intelligence agency has not taken precautions to avoid a similar security breach, recommend one (1) action that it can take in order to avoid a similar security breach.
5. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
• Analyze the types of organizational and computer architectures for integrating systems.
• Develop an enterprise architecture plan to address and solve a proposed business ethical problem.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in enterprise architecture.
• Write clearly and concisely about Advanced Computer Architecture topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.

 

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What is meant by “accelerating the process?”

MKT 421 Final Exam
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MKT 421 Final Exam
1. A __________ is a road map for the marketing activities of an organization for a specified future time period such as one year or five years.
marketing dashboard
marketing plan
operation plan
mission statement
2. What is meant by “accelerating the process?”
Increase advertising costs during product launch
Speed up new product time to market
Identify major competitors early
Create a new market space
3. The product life cycle refers to __________.
a concept that describes the stages a new product goes through from product concept to commercialization
the average life span of a product
a concept that describes the stages a product goes through in the marketplace—early growth, accelerated development, maturity, and decline
a concept that describes the stages a product goes through in the marketplace—introduction, growth, maturity, and decline
4. Jay stops at the shopping mall to purchase a new pair of jeans from the Diesel store. He is the ultimate consumer in a pipeline from the producer through intermediaries including the clothing store. This pipeline is actually a _______.
marketing channel
marketing tunnel
consumer market
distribution matrix
5. What is the marketing objective for the growth stage of the product life cycle?
maintain brand loyalty
minimize promotion
increase market share
stress differentiation
6. In the nonprofit world of the performing arts box office technology has essentially remained the same since the 1980s. A company called Tessitura is trying to change that. Tessitura is able to track every transaction with its patrons in one database. The information collected includes ticket purchases, fund-raising, volunteering, and gift shop purchases that will help symphonies, operas, and theaters develop customer profiles in order to tailor their sales messages to specific individuals. In other words, Tessitura will allow arts groups to engage in:
mainstream marketing
societal marketing
relationship marketing
market aggregation
7. Marketing refers to:
the production of products or services that will generate the highest return on investment.
the activity for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that benefit its customers, the organization, its stakeholders, and society at large.
the activity involved in getting a product or service from the manufacturer to ultimate consumers and organizational buyers.
the process of identifying target market segments for a product or service.
8. Variables such as location the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code and type of buy are all examples of ways to:
promote NAFTA.
segment an organizational market.
forecast sales to a consumer market.
differentiate products.
9. While pricing objectives frequently reflect corporate goals pricing constraints often relate to:
stockholder demands.
conditions existing in the marketplace.
an organization’s code of ethics.
the financial realities within the organization itself.
10. In personal branding the “price” component of the marketing mix refers to:
The number of hours you spend job searching
The annual cost of maintaining online profiles (such as LinkedIn)
The expense associated with job-hunting
The salary range and job benefits you hope to receive
11. At Mattel Barbie is child-tested to be sure the doll cannot be broken apart and accidentally choke a child. This type of consumer or safety test occurs during the __________ stage of the new-product process.
new-product strategy development
market testing
development
screening and evaluation
12. Customer value refers to:
the cluster of benefits that an organization promises customers to satisfy their needs.
the need of a customer to receive the highest quality product at the lowest possible price.
a statement that, before product development begins, identifies (1) a well-defined target market; (2) specific customers’ needs, wants, and preferences; and (3) what the product will be and do to satisfy consumers.
the unique combination of benefits received by targeted buyers that includes quality, convenience, on-time delivery, and both before-sale and after-sale service at a specific price.
13. Developing a pool of concepts to serve as candidates for new products is the __________ stage of the new-product process.
idea generation
product development
open innovation
new-product strategy development
14. The goal of a SWOT analysis is to:
identify market research questions in order to develop new products for new market segments.
determine how raises, bonuses, and dividends will be paid.
identify the critical strategy-related factors that can impact the firm.
reorganize the firm’s marketing department.
15. Marketing research refers to:
the science of using observable human behavior in order to identify and solve marketing problems.
the process of defining a marketing problem and opportunity, systematically collecting and analyzing information, and recommending actions.
the use of information technology to find objective solutions to a marketing problem.
the process of systematically collecting and analyzing information in order to define a marketing problem.
16. There is no single “generic” marketing plan that can apply to all organizations or all institutions. Rather, the specific format for a marketing plan for an organization depends on the following: the industry, the kind and complexity of the organization, and ________.
available resources
the financial investment needed
the competition
the target audience and purpose
17. Which of the following conditions are necessary for marketing to occur?
a quality product, a fair price, a clever method of promotion, and a place where a customer can buy the product
two or more people, a product, a reasonable price, and a place to make an exchange
two or more people, a method of assessing needs, a way to communicate, and an exchange
two or more parties with unsatisfied needs, a desire and an ability to satisfy them, a way to communicate, and something to exchange
18. Online retail purchases by consumers can be the result of several very different approaches, which include: (1) paying dues to become a member of an online discount service; (2) participating in an online auction; (3) going directly to online malls; and (4) _______.
participating in a buying cooperative
becoming a secret shopper
using a shopping “bot” to search for a product at locations with the best price
becoming a member of a research group that evaluates new products
19. Environmental scanning refers to:
assessing any possible negative impact a firm’s activities might have on the local ecology.
setting up a regular schedule to assess the performance of different divisions within a firm.
continually acquiring information on events occurring outside the organization to identify and interpret potential trends.
initiating an internal talent search to identify employees who can think “outside the box” to generate solutions to marketing problems caused by changes in the marketing environment.
20. Relationship selling refers to:
the assignment of a single salesperson to a single customer throughout the entire sales process.
the practice of building ties to customers based on a salesperson’s attention and commitment to customer needs over time.
when suppliers and sellers combine their expertise and resources to create customized solutions; commit to joint planning; and share customer, competitive, and company information for their mutual benefit, and ultimately the customer.
the practice of maintaining contact with a customer on a regularly scheduled basis following the initial sale of a product or service.
21. A global marketing strategy refers to:
the strategy currently used by most U.S. domestic firms that when entering a new international market, these firms offer only those products that require the least amount of product adaptation.
the global strategy of seeking out already established firms in other nations and selling them the rights to manufacture and distribute the firm’s products through a host nation’s local businesses.
the strategy of transnational firms that employ the practice of standardizing marketing activities when there are cultural similarities and adapting them when cultures differ.
the strategy used by multinational firms that have as many different product variations, brand names, and advertising programs as countries in which they do business.
22. Segmentation based on some subjective mental or emotional attributes, aspirations, or needs of prospective customers is referred to as:
socioeconomic segmentation.
psychosocial segmentation.
affective segmentation.
psychographic segmentation.
23. Computer-based networks that trigger actions by sensing changes in the real or digital world are known as:
global marketing platforms.
convergent systems.
intelligence technologies.
smart systems.
24. The study of similarities and differences among consumers in two or more nations or societies is referred to as __________.
transnational finance
market synthesis
cross-cultural analysis
international sociographics
25. Advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing are marketing communications alternatives that make up a firm’s __________.
marketing mix
promotional mix
communication source
media strategy
26. Neuromarketing is becoming more important in marketing as experts realize that traditional research methods such as focus groups and surveys may not be enough to understand what drives consumer purchase behavior due to:
It is not possible to formulate questions without bias
Consumers cannot verbalize their emotional responses
The data obtained is not quantifiable
The sample size is too small
27. Which of the following transactions occurred in the marketspace?
Connie sold Discovery Toys creative puzzles at an in-home demonstration.
Josh bought his mother a menorah through the Source for Everything Jewish gift catalog by calling a toll-free telephone number.
Corey bought a double-dipped chocolate ice cream cone from the ice cream person when his mobile ice cream truck came down the street.
Joan bought a brand new pair of Dansko shoes through Zappos.com.
28. Four trends in the past decade have significantly influenced the landscape of global marketing. One of them is:
a decrease in most countries’ GDPs and a renewal of nationalism.
the emergence of networked global marketspace.
a more aggressive attitude towards initiating international tariffs and quota systems.
an increase in most countries’ GDPs coupled with an increased degree of consumer ethnocentrism.
29. The term branding refers to __________.
the licensing of a name, phrase, design, symbol, or combination of these for a period of 17 years, at which time a firm may renew its intellectual property rights to them
an organization’s use of a name, phrase, design, symbol, or combination of these to identify its products and distinguish them from those of competitors
the establishment of a commercial, legal name under which a company does business
the identification of an organization’s products based upon individual SKUs.
30. The initial step in the strategic marketing process is to begin planning by conducting a _______.
situation (SWOT) analysis
market-product analysis and setting goals
diversification analysis
business portfolio analysis.

 

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Middleville Regional Healthcare

Assignment 2: Middleville Regional Healthcare
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Middleville Regional Health Care is one (1) of three (3) hospitals serving a community of 350,000 people. Summary statistics on Middleville and its competitors, from the AHA Guide, are shown below in Table 1. All three organizations are not-for-profit.
Table 1: Middleville, Brierfield, and Greystone Health Care Systems
Name Beds Admissions Census OP Visits Births Expenses (000) Personnel
Middleville 575 13,000 350 221,000 2,300 $125,000 2,000
Brierfield 380 17,000 260 175,000 1,200 $130,000 1,875
Greystone 350 10,000 180 40,000 900 $80,000 1,200
The governing board of Middleville hired a consulting company to evaluate its strategic performance, specifically in the areas of Human Resources, Information Technology, Financing, and Marketing. As part of the consultant’s evaluation, several leaders of Middleville’s units were asked their perspective of the organization’s performance.
You are working for the consultant. Your job is to identify the issues from the response that should be considered further by the consultant team and possibly discussed with the governing board and the CEO. The firm has a rule, “Never offer a criticism or negative finding without suggesting how the client organization can correct it,” so you must indicate what sort of correction you would recommend as part of your list. Because you know there were about two (2) dozen other interviews, you decide you should rank your issues in importance, to make sure the most critical are discussed.
Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:
1. Explain the governing board’s role in these strategic initiatives, determining its responsibility and involvement.
2. Evidence-based management means that operational and strategic decisions are made based upon the evidence that goals and objectives are actually being met. Quantitative measurements must be identified and measured. This data is then used to evaluate the HCO’s performance. Name three (3) performances Middleville can use to measure its success in providing quality healthcare to the community, and identify quantifiable, measureable indicators that can be used to do so. Explain the importance of each performance measurement.
3. Given the statistics of Middleville and its two (2) competitors provided in Table 1, recommend to the HCO what areas it should focus on to maintain its competitive market share as well as continue to provide healthcare to the community in the 21st century.
4. Some of Middleville’s Board members are very interested in pursuing advanced technology systems over the next five (5) years, while others are concerned about the enormous expense and need assurance that the investment in technology will be worthwhile. In both monetary and process terms, describe the costs and benefits associated with implementing EMR and associated health data systems. Lay out a plan for how various systems can be implemented.
5. Middleville has faced many challenges in recruiting and retaining nurses and other clinical employees. The economy has hit the area very hard and budgetary limitations have reduced the amount of money available for salary increases. The Board knows it needs to provide other benefits to their valued employees. Provide at least two (2) suggestions to Human Resources to promote employee satisfaction and, therefore, retain experienced personnel.
6. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
7. Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
a. Typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.
b. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
c. Include a reference page. Citations and references must follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

• Examine how healthcare management concepts and theories are applied to critical issues in healthcare organizations.
• Analyze the critical management issues, purpose, functions, and performance measures of different departments within healthcare organizations.
• Explain how public policy has shaped the development of the U.S. healthcare system.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in health services organization management.
• Write clearly and concisely about health services organization management using proper writing mechanics.

 

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Develop a double-sided, three-paneled brochure handout which addresses the main points of personal health records and responds the community center’s questions.

Epidemiology Unit 5 Assignment 2 PHR
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Step One: Locate information about PHR’s. Some good sites to visit are:
http://www.myphr.com
https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/faqs/what-personal-health-record
http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/consumer-health/in-depth/personal-health-record/art-20047273
Step Two: You have been asked to give a presentation to a local community center about personal health records. They have also asked you to provide a brochure that can be left at the community center for people to pick up as desired. They has very specific questions regarding required hardware components, networking systems architecture, operating systems, languages, software packages, and cloud computing applications.
Step Three: Develop a double-sided, three-paneled brochure handout which addresses the main points of personal health records and responds the community center’s questions. Be sure to also include information on how a personal health record collects, stores and can report information.

 

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Create a business budget sheet using Microsoft® Excel®.

BIS 221 Week 3 Business Budget
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Electronic spreadsheets are useful tools, especially when creating a business budget. Once a spreadsheet is set up correctly in Excel®, values can be modified at any time, and the electronic spreadsheet will automatically update itself. Students will create a spreadsheet of computer equipment for a small fictional business where they are the owner. They will include the cost of all hardware and software needed for their employees, and calculate a monthly budget for the equipment.
Scenario: Imagine you are the owner of a small internet business where you employ five people. You need to budget for the cost of hardware and software needed to run company operations. Each employee is required to work both in the office and remotely, and needs access to company data at all times.
Choose the hardware and software that will provide your employees with the ability to stay connected to internal company data, communicate and collaborate with coworkers, and process data and sales information using wording, processing, and spreadsheet software applications.
Create a business budget sheet using Microsoft® Excel®. In the budget sheet, do the following:
• List the make and model of desired hardware devices and their cost.
• List software operating systems and applications for each device and their costs.
• Sum up the cost for both hardware and software for each employee, and then calculate the average monthly costs to maintain these systems.
• Insert a graph or chart displaying total costs graphically.
• Label columns/rows with titles reflecting data they contain.
• Use no more than two sheets in one workbook to display required data.
• Format data to highlight important totals.
The Budget sheet should be 1,400 words.

 

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Addressing Political Issues in Business

Addressing Political Issues in Business
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A country’s political stability is a critical business consideration when deciding to enter a country or not. Put yourself in the shoes of a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and his/her management team thinking about global expansion. Your company is in the manufacturing business. You are exploring options where to expand. How will political stability and political systems influence your decision? •Select two countries from different parts of the world with two different political structures. Both countries should have high business potential for your manufacturing company. •Contrast and analyze how their political systems and political stability will influence your decision to expand into those countries. •Be sure to research real countries and use actual information about the countries. Write your initial response in 300–500 words.

 

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Advanced Epidemiology and Biostatistics for Nursing

NUR 627: Advanced Epidemiology and Biostatistics for Nursing
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Questions 1 and 2 use the information below:

Population of the city of Atlantis on March 30, 2003 = 193,000
No. of new active cases of TB occurring between January 1 and June 30, 2003 = 62
No. of active TB cases according to the city register on June 30, 2003 = 338
1. The incidence rate of active cases of TB for the 6-month period was: [ONE POINT]
a. 7 per 100,000 population
b. 14 per 100,000 population
c. 26 per 100,000 population
d. 32 per 100,000 population
e. 130 per 100,000 population
2. The prevalence of active TB as of June 30, 2003, was: [ONE POINT]
a. 14 per 100,000 population
b. 130 per 100,000 population
c. 144 per 100,000 population
d. 175 per 100,000 population
e. none of the above

3. Which of the following is an advantage of active surveillance? [ONE POINT]
a. requires less project staff
b. is relatively inexpensive to employ
c. more accurate due to reduced reporting burden for health care providers
d. relies on different disease definitions to account for all cases
e. reporting systems can be developed quickly

Questions 4 is based on the information given below:

In an Asian country with a population of 20 million people, 100,000 deaths occurred during the year ending December 31, 2005. These deaths included 87,000 deaths from cholera in 100,000 people who were sick with cholera.

4. What was the case-fatality rate from cholera in 2005? [ONE POINT]

5. What would be the effect on age-specific incidence rates if women with hysterectomies were excluded from the denominator of calculations, assuming that there are some women in each age group who have had hysterectomies? [ONE POINT]
a. the rates would remain the same
b. the rates would tend to decrease
c. the rates would tend to increase
d. the rates would increase in older groups and decrease in younger groups
e. it cannot be determined whether the rates would increase or decrease

Question 6 is based on the following information:

A colon cancer screening study is being conducted in Nottingham, England. Individuals 50 to 75 years old will be screened with the Hemoccult test. In this test, a stool sample is tested for the presence of blood.
6. If the Hemoccult test result is negative, no further testing is done. If the Hemoccult test result is positive, the individual will have a second stool sample tested with the Hemoccult II test. If this second sample also tests positive for blood, the individual will be referred for more extensive evaluation. What is the effect on net sensitivity and net specificity of this method of screening? [ONE POINT]

a. Net sensitivity and net specificity are both increased
b. Net sensitivity is decreased and net specificity is increased
c. Net sensitivity remains the same and net specificity is increased
d. Net sensitivity is increased and net specificity is decreased
e. The effect on net sensitivity and net specificity cannot be determined from the data

7. At an initial examination in Oxford, Mass., migraine headache was found in 5 of 1,000 men aged 30 to 35 years and in 10 of 1,000 women aged 30 to 35 years. The inference that women have a two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than do men in this age group is: [ONE POINT]
a. correct
b. incorrect, because a ratio has been used to compare male and female rates
c. incorrect, because of failure to recognize the effect of age in the two groups
d. incorrect, because no data for a comparison or control group are given
e. incorrect, because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence

8. Age-adjusted death rates are used to: [ONE POINT]
a. Correct death rates for errors in the statement of age
b. Determine the actual number of deaths that occurred in specific age groups in a population
c. Correct death rates for missing age information
d. Compare deaths in persons of the same age group
e. Eliminate the effects of differences in the age distributions of populations in comparing death rates

9. For a disease such as pancreatic cancer, which is highly fatal and of short duration: [ONE POINT]

a. Incidence rates and mortality rates will be similar
b. Mortality rates will be much higher than incidence rates
c. Incidence rates will be much higher than mortality rates
d. Incidence rates will be unrelated to mortality rates
e. None of the above

10. In 1990, there were 6,000 deaths due to lung diseases in miners aged 20 to 64 years. The expected number of deaths in this occupational group, based on age-specific death rates from lung diseases in all males aged 20 to 64 years, was 2,600 during 1990.
a. What was the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung diseases in miners? [ONE POINT]

b. Interpret the value of the SMR: [ONE POINT]

Questions 11-14 are based on the information given below:

A physical examination was used to screen for breast cancer in 2,800 women with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma of the breast and in 5,300 age- and race-matched control women. The results of the physical examination were positive (i.e., a mass was palpated) in 2,200 cases and in 600 control women, all of whom showed no evidence of cancer at biopsy.
11. The sensitivity of the physical examination was: [ONE POINT]

12. The specificity of the physical examination was: [ONE POINT]

13. The positive predictive value of the physical examination was: [ONE POINT]

14. The negative predictive value of the physical examination was: [ONE POINT]

Question 15 is based on the following information:

A physical examination and an audiometric test were given to 500 persons with suspected hearing problems, of whom 300 were actually found to have them. The results of the examinations were as follows:

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
HEARING PROBLEMS
Result Present Absent
Positive 265 35
Negative 35 165

AUDIOMETRIC TEST
HEARING PROBLEMS
Result Present Absent
Positive 285 15
Negative 15 185

15. Compared with the physical examination, the audiometric test is: [ONE POINT]

a. Equally sensitive and specific
b. Less sensitive and less specific
c. Less sensitive and more specific
d. More sensitive and less specific
e. More sensitive and more specific

16. Which of the following is a good index of the severity of a short-term, acute disease? [ONE POINT]
a. Cause-specific death rate
b. 5-year survival
c. Case-fatality rate
d. Standardized mortality ratio
e. None of the above

17. The occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy is a/an: [ONE POINT]
A: Pandemic
B: Endemic
C: Epidemic

18. The level of prevention that takes place during the early phases of pathogenesis and includes activities that limit the progression of disease is: [ONE POINT]

A: Primary Prevention
B. Secondary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention

19. The probability that an event will occur, e.g., that an individual will become ill or die within a stated period of time or by a certain age is: [ONE POINT]

A: Epidemiologic Transition
B. Risk
C. Hypothesis

20. A measure that refers to the mortality rate associated with a specific cause of death divided by the population size at the midpoint of a time period times a multiplier is the: [ONE POINT]

A: Crude Death Rate
B: Sex-specific Rate
C: Cause-Specific Mortality Rate

21. Wearing a safety belt is an example of which level of prevention? [ONE POINT]

a) Primary prevention
b) Secondary prevention
c) Tertiary prevention
d) Community prevention

22. Providing education to a diabetic on how to use his/her insulin is an example of which level of prevention? [ONE POINT]

a) Primary prevention
b) Secondary prevention
c) Tertiary prevention
d) Community prevention

23. Encouraging individuals to take a daily dose of aspirin to reduce the chance of a heart attack is an example of which level of prevention? [ONE POINT]

a) Primary prevention
b) Secondary prevention
c) Tertiary prevention
d) Community prevention

24. Epidemiology is: [ONE POINT]

a) a method of applying primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in a community setting.
b) concerned primarily with the empowerment of individuals in the of care their own health.
c) the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in a specific population.
d) concerned only with life expectancy of humans.

25. Providing training or instructing patients on how to modify their diets and take their medications to prevent a second heart attack is an example of ________ prevention. [ONE POINT]

a) primary
b) secondary
c) tertiary
d) community

e) 15. 26. Sensitivity and specificity are important criteria for screening and diagnostic instruments. What is specificity? [ONE POINT]

A) Different method of measuring the same attributes yielding similar results
B) Ability to differentiate the construct being measured from other similar concepts
C) Instrument’s ability to identify a case correctly
D) Instrument’s ability to identify non-cases correctly.

27. The nurse researcher knows that there are two primary criteria for assessment of an instrument. What is reliability? [ONE POINT]

A) Degree of consistency or accuracy with which an instrument measures an attribute
B) Magnitude and direction of a relationship between two variables
C) Extent to which an instrument yields the same results on repeated administrations
D) Extent to which an instrument’s items are measuring the same attribute

28. Which of the following improves the reliability of diabetes screening tests? [ONE POINT]
a) Having the same lab analyze all samples
b) Taking more than one sample for each subject and averaging the results
c) Insuring that the instrument is standardized before each sample is analyzed
d) a and c only
e) All of the above

29. Which of the following is a measure of disease prognosis? [ONE POINT]
a) Prevalence
b) Median survival time
c) Age-adjusted mortality rates
d) Standardized mortality ratio

 

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Within this final question, we can sense the echoes of dualism that have appeared in our readings, that there is a seeming duality to humanity, one of the conceptual or thought, the other of the perceptual or world. This dualism plays itself out in the epistemological concerns we’ve likewise addressed. Participant in the epistemic questions we addressed is a question about the status of knowledge, i.e., what is its nature, which has traditionally forwarded the idea that to have knowledge is to have a justified true belief. This notion of justified can be understood as an attempt to bridge the seeming divide between the conceptual and the perceptual elements. Descartes, the more evident proponent for dualism, arguably attempts to secure knowledge by implying that the sole means by which knowledge is founded through rational, analytic, and a priori claims, that these are the only means for justifying a true believe so as to become knowledge. For Descartes, any attempt at justifying our true beliefs, i.e., knowledge, through the purely perceptual leads to questions of doubt for such claims due to the potential for deception and/or flaws in perception itself. 

So far this semester we have read about and discussed questions and problems in the areas of metaphysics and epistemology. Within metaphysics, we discussed issues with the notion of “realness” with regard to immaterial and material objects: to what degree can or should we consider immaterial objects as real? We’ve discussed the role that metaphysics can play in science: can science, which is invested in theorizing from that which can be adequately evidenced, sufficiently address the larger metaphysical implications of the theories it develops? We also looked at the status of “mind” in relation to the physical or material world: is “mind” something wholly independent and immaterial; is it bound wholly to the material attributes of brain; or is it something immaterial and yet materially grounded? And we looked at questions of free-will: can we have evidence of the existence of free-will, what proof do we have of the existence of free-will, how can one sufficiently prove or disprove the existence of free-will? Participant in these questions is the role of “realness” with regard to that which might lack direct sensorial proof/evidence, and the status of those things which have been previously thought of as essentially existent but not observationally apparent: to what degree is the notion of “realness” bound to the idea of observability?

Within this final question, we can sense the echoes of dualism that have appeared in our readings, that there is a seeming duality to humanity, one of the conceptual or thought, the other of the perceptual or world. This dualism plays itself out in the epistemological concerns we’ve likewise addressed. Participant in the epistemic questions we addressed is a question about the status of knowledge, i.e., what is its nature, which has traditionally forwarded the idea that to have knowledge is to have a justified true belief. This notion of justified can be understood as an attempt to bridge the seeming divide between the conceptual and the perceptual elements. Descartes, the more evident proponent for dualism, arguably attempts to secure knowledge by implying that the sole means by which knowledge is founded through rational, analytic, and a priori claims, that these are the only means for justifying a true believe so as to become knowledge. For Descartes, any attempt at justifying our true beliefs, i.e., knowledge, through the purely perceptual leads to questions of doubt for such claims due to the potential for deception and/or flaws in perception itself.

Taking as a point of contention Descartes’ reliance upon a kind of purity in concepts in the form of his innate ideas, Hume argues that the very origin of concepts is such that perception, i.e., experience, is participant, and that ideas are nothing more than the faint remnants of once vivid and lively impressions qua perceptions. As such, Hume raises the stakes of the role that justification plays with knowledge by arguing what justification can our impressions give us for such true beliefs as, say, causality? In other words, if conceptions in the form of ideas are the only means for justifying our true beliefs about causality, for example, and those ideas come from perceptual impressions that do not fully present all that our ideas can develop, how can we be justified in our beliefs that causality actually exists, that causality is actually “real”? Not necessarily a dualist, Hume is much more a skeptic as to what our conceptions can actually, sufficiently, and with justification say about the world of perception.

Inspired by the questions that Hume raises, Kant attempts to address the divide that is participant, the divide between the appearances of the perceptions and the supposed reality of our conceptual claims about them. By attempting to sidestep Hume’s understanding of experience, by depicting consciousness as more active in the very structure of experience itself, Kant attempts to secure the means by which we can have some sense of justification and certainty in our true beliefs, i.e., that we can have knowledge, by presenting a more modest understanding of the extent to which we can have knowledge, and what kinds of knowledge we can have.

For most of us, these questions might seem absurd. Barring theft, towing or anything external to my car, I can know that my car will be where I left it, because inanimate objects do not get up and move on their own. I can know this because previous empirical evidence has shown this to be a justified true belief. The questions of epistemology that Hume, Descartes, and Kant raise aren’t so much about whether or not knowledge exists, whether or not the justification for our true beliefs exists, but rather how such justification exists, and in what manner can we be justified in our true beliefs so as to secure some sense of certainty as it relates to our knowledge in general. That, we act as if we are justified in our true beliefs about the permanence or stability of inanimate objects, for example, but why?

For your midterm, I would like you to examine the notion of freedom. This is of course connected to the notion of free-will which we briefly discussed, and it is likewise connected to the questions of metaphysics we’ve addressed. For example, how can we have evidence of the existence of freedom? If we can have no direct evidence of freedom, how can we be certain it exists, i.e., that it is real? Likewise, questions about the existence of freedom can be problematized when handled epistemically. How do we know we have freedom, or free-will? What justification do we have for our beliefs in freedom? You are to address questions of freedom by first considering it from a metaphysical perspective, and then, considering it from through an epistemological lens. This is a rather large topic, and understandably it could be a lot to tackle, so what follows are some recommendations on how to approach your paper.

First, before you begin, you should make a distinction in your thoughts between freedom that is considered to be integral to humanity, i.e., free-will, and the kinds or types of freedoms that are institutionalized in, say, our Constitution. Those constitutionally guaranteed freedoms presuppose the existence of freedom in general, so to focus on them, rather than the more general notion of freedom, would be presupposing freedom’s existence without considering whether or not it exists, how it exists, how we can know it exists, etc., etc. What’s more, freedom is an extremely abstract notion. To this end, be clear in your mind about what you define freedom as being, and then present that understanding in the first part of your paper. For example, one might argue that freedom exists/doesn’t exist because freedom is nothing more than the potential to choose. By defining freedom as “choice making” one could then address the rest of the paper to the existence or non-existence of choices.

Second, structure your thoughts as much as possible before you begin writing. Come up with a plan for how you want to tackle the assignment. Start with either field, metaphysics or epistemology, and work your way to the other. For example, you might assert that freedom does not exist, that it lacks observability and therefore has no metaphysical status, because what is observable is that which is bound by deterministic unfolding (i.e., unfree), and that we can know this by looking at evidence x, y, and z. Or, you might assert that one can know that freedom exists by arguing from an a priori position, that we can have knowledge about that which we have no direct observation, that freedom may not be directly observable but is existent, and then conjecture about its metaphysical status.

Third, this assignment is intended to measure how well you understand some of the key concepts and arguments from philosophers that we’ve discussed thus far. You’ll need to utilize those concepts and ideas we’ve discussed so as to demonstrate that understanding. Be forewarned: Simply writing about your personal feelings and offering no proof that you’ve considered the topic within the context of the material of this course is far from the purpose of this paper.

 

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Review the weekly lectures and supplemental materials provided, then complete the chart by elaborating on each section related to the weekly content. Identify key details and examples from the weekly resources to serve as a basis for the content being recorded in your chart.

Students, please view the “Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment” in the Student Center.
Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center.

*Be sure to download the attached World View Chart provided for these assignments.*

World View Chart Assignments
Due Weeks 2 through 10 and worth 35 points each week, with a total of 315 points.

A world view is a fundamental or basic orientation of thinking – like a mindset – which guides a culture and / or a person’s life. Like a point of view, it can be built of concepts, ideas, values, emotions, and ethics.Weltanschauung is the German word for this idea. Your goal for this course is to understand the world views of these various religions. In order to prepare you for your final assignment, you will outline the world views of various religions in the chart below, adding to it each week.

For this assignment, students will complete the weekly area of the chart, filling in the aspects of each religion as it is presented in the readings and resources. This chart, when complete, will be the starting point for the written assignment, due in Week 10.

For each weekly submission:

  1. Review the weekly lectures and supplemental materials provided, then complete the chart by elaborating on each section related to the weekly content.
  2. Identify key details and examples from the weekly resources to serve as a basis for the content being recorded in your chart.
  3. Write clearly and coherently using correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, and mechanics.

Religion

Cosmogony – Origin of the Universe

Nature of God

View of Human Nature

View of Good and Evil

View of “Salvation”

View of After Life

Practices and Rituals

Celebrations and Festivals

Week 2
Hinduism and Jainism

Week 3
Buddhism

Week 4
Daoism and
Confucianism

Week 5
Shinto 

Week 6
Judaism

Week 7
Christianity

Week 8
Islam

Week 9
Sikhism

Week 10
New Religious Movements

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Analyze what is meant by religion.
  • Analyze the similarities and differences in the primary beliefs held by major religious traditions and the cultures in which these religions evolved.
  • Describe the varieties of religious experience and practice in a wide range of cultures.
  • Recognize how daily life within various religions and current affairs are influenced by religion.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in religion.
  • Write clearly and concisely about world religions using proper writing mechanics.

Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.

REL212WorldViewChart.alternateversion.docx
REL212WorldViewChart.docx

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