Cognitive development
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Assignment Brief:

The aim of this assessment is to show an understanding of theories and evidence of cognitive development. You will also develop your research and review skills. You are to research and review Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development. You are then required to submit a literature review of your findings.

A literature review is an evaluative report of information found in the literature related to your selected area of study. The review should describe, summarise, evaluate and clarify this literature.

Task 1: Research Piagets theory of cognitive development. Write an introduction to your literature review in which you:
Define cognitive development and identify and describe the core systems of cognition
(a.c. 1.1, 1.2)

Task 2: Complete the main section of your literature review consisting of:

A description of the main stages of Piagets theory of cognitive development and an explanation of his main concepts including schema, assimiliation, accommodation and equilibrium (a.c. 1.3, 1.4)
An evaluation of Piagets theory of cognitive development with reference to other theories of cognitive development, for example; Vygotsky and Bruner (a.c.1.5)
An evaluation of the evidence produced from studies into cognitive development, this should be related to your above theories of cognitive development (a.c. 2.1)

Task 3: Write a conclusion in which you:
Explain some of the methodological difficulties of conducting research into cognitive development, eg working with children
(a.c. 2.2)

Reference section
Provide a detailed reference list including all the authors and research studies quoted using the Harvard method.
Assessment Criteria for Award of Credit
NoCriterion
1.1Define the term cognitive development
1.2Identify and describe the core systems of cognition recognised by psychologists
1.3Describe the main stages of Piagets theory of cognitive development
1.4Explain the importance of Piagets concepts of schema, assimilation, accommodation and equilibrium
1.5Evaluate Piagets theories of cognitive development with reference to the ideas of other theorists
2.1Evaluate evidence from studies of cognitive development and relate findings to theories of cognitive development
2.2Explain some of the difficulties relating to research into cognitive development
Grade Descriptor: 1

 

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Assignment 2: LASA 1: Creating a Dual Boot System
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You recently have been hired as the Director of Systems Administration operations for ViralMedia, a provider of software tools for graphics artists. The company’s core product, DigiWorld, runs under Windows and Linux.

Currently, each ViralMedia sales personnel has two laptop systems, one running Windows and one running Linux. Depending on the customer’s operating system preference, the sales personnel start the corresponding laptop.

You suggest to the ViralMedia Vice President of Sales that the team should use a dual-boot system to eliminate the need for multiple computers. Since no one at ViralMedia has used a dual-boot system before, the Vice President of Sales asks you to create a demo system to present in a meeting this week. Specifically, he wants you to show multiple operating systems running on one computer and the process of booting a specific system.

Directions:

Prior to your demo, the Sales Vice President asks that you develop a PowerPoint presentation that reviews dual-boot systems and presents some examples.

Create a PowerPoint Presentation

Your presentation should begin with a Title slide and include a References slide at the end. Portray the following information using bulleted lists, images, charts, and other professional slide design elements on your slides, as appropriate. Include detailed speaker’s notes for each slide within your presentation. Your slides should be presented in about 20 minutes. As a general rule of thumb, 1 slide = 1 minute, depending on the amount of content on the slide. Read through your slides and time yourself, and then determine how many slides are needed based on how your slides read.

Discuss how operating systems store information within a file system.
Explain what a dual-boot system is.
Briefly compare and contrast Windows and Ubuntu Linux.
Justify reasons for using a dual-boot system.
Based on the reduction of computers provided by the dual boot system, analyze and estimate expected savings on a per user basis.
Explain how to select the operating system you want to boot in terms and steps a novice computer user can follow (use screen captures as necessary)

 

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In early 2000, there was an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in the Toronto, Canada area
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In early 2000, there was an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in the Toronto, Canada area. This epidemic forced hard choices on people in Canada′s largest urban area. Medical and public health communities, federal, provincial and local governments, and ordinary citizens had to make difficult decisions, often with limited information and short deadlines. The cause of this disease outbreak was not known for a long time after it was first discovered. Health care providers were on the firing line, and were the most affected by the disease. Decision makers had to balance individual freedoms against the common good, fear for personal safety against the duty to treat the sick and economic losses against the need to contain the spread of a deadly disease. At times like this it is necessary to rely both on science and value systems to guide decisions. Lessons need to be learned from this outbreak, to ensure preparedness not only against the spread of SARS, but also for dealing with potential safety, health, and environmental issues at residential and public places and at manufacturing facilities. After a lengthy search, the cause of the disease was traced to infected poultry and other animal shipment from China. It was not known, at that time, what information was provided by China (or other entities) regarding the diseased bird. Are there conditions that justify lying about or withholding risk/hazard information? What is the relationship between risk/hazard communication and ethics?

 

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FINAL EXAM FALL 2014
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QUESTION 1

Of the following choices, which would be the easiest brand name to legally protect?

Western County Distributors
Tarzink Yogurt
Scout Camping Supplies
Sullivan Water Filtering Systems
Learn and Grow Daycare
2 points

QUESTION 2

A product mix is best described as

all products offered by a firm.
many products sold by one firm.
a group of closely related products that are considered a unit because of market, technical, or end-use considerations.
product, distribution, promotion, and price.
all products of a particular type.
2 points

QUESTION 3

To make intangible products more tangible or real to the consumer, marketers often

use external reference prices.
use symbols or cues to help symbolize product benefits.
use multiple channels of distribution.
offer more support services with such products.
use low prices on intangible goods.
2 points

QUESTION 4

The Anderson Advertising Agency was developing a name for their client’s new paper towel product. They finally settled on the name, “Soaker.” Regarding the factors that marketers consider when selecting a brand name, which one does this best fulfill?

Keeping the brand name easy to remember
Flexibility to be used in various types of media
Indicating the product’s major benefits
Using fabricated names that cannot be duplicated
Compatibility with other products in the line
2 points

QUESTION 5

Sales usually start to decline during the ____ stage of the product life cycle.

beginning of the decline
end of the growth
beginning of the growth
beginning of the termination
end of the maturity
2 points

QUESTION 6

Which of the following statements about nonprice competition is false?

A firm using nonprice competition can build loyalty to both its company and its products.
When using nonprice competition, a company should promote the distinguishing characteristics of its brand.
Companies that use nonprice competition do not need to keep track of their competitor’s prices.
A company must be able to distinguish its brand through some unique feature in order to successfully engage in nonprice competition.
Buyers must view the distinguishing characteristics of a product offered through nonprice competition as being important.
2 points

QUESTION 7

Price is considered to be the variable in the marketing mix that is

First to be decided.
Least flexible.
Most difficult.
Last to be decided.
Most flexible.
2 points

QUESTION 8

One advantage of nonprice competition is that

a firm can build customer loyalty.
pricing is no longer a factor.
market share becomes less important.
a firm can react quickly to competitive efforts.
marketing efforts are completely eliminated.
2 points

QUESTION 9

Sony management decided to use skimming as a pricing strategy for its newest line of high-definition television (HDTV) sets. It should be aware that this strategy does not

provide flexibility in the introductory base price.
reduce the stress that may be placed on the firm’s production capabilities.
generate capital to cover research and development costs.
protect the firm from covering costs if prices are set too low.
discourage competitors from entering the market.
2 points

QUESTION 10

When a company that produces computer printers prices them somewhat low, but the ink required to operate the printer is priced higher per relative usage, it is using

penetration pricing.
captive pricing.
a price leader.
bait pricing.
price lining.
2 points

QUESTION 11

Paid personal communication that seeks to inform customers and persuade them to purchase products in an exchange situation is

personal selling.
advertising.
public relations.
individual promotion.
personal promotion.
2 points

QUESTION 12

Latisha works for a promotional consultant who develops sweepstakes, games, coupons, and rebate plans for various marketers. Latisha is developing which of the following?

publicity examples.
direct marketing techniques.
advertising techniques.
personal selling techniques.
sales promotion techniques.
2 points

QUESTION 13

Chris sees a television commercial for Arby’s promoting its roast beef sandwiches at 5 for $5.95. Later that day he goes to the nearest Arby’s for a roast beef feast, but is told that the special offer is not available at that location. Arby’s seems to lack

channel capacity.
promotional efforts.
integrated marketing communications.
coordinated awareness.
communication.
2 points

QUESTION 14

The Sharper Image likes to use nonpersonal communication in news story form such as press releases for its new and improved products. This is an example of

sales promotion.
publicity.
personal selling.
direct marketing.
social media.
2 points

QUESTION 15

A major benefit of using event sponsorship is that it

is cost-free.
neutralizes the effects of unfavorable public relations.
enhances personal selling efforts.
can provide large amounts of free media coverage.
provides excellent support for advertisements.
2 points

QUESTION 16

Children often achieve ____ by observing parents and older siblings in purchase situations and then through their own purchase experiences.

consumer socialization
social class
personality
attitude formation
role identification
2 points

QUESTION 17

A major determining factor in deciding which type of problem-solving process should be used depends on the individual’s intensity of interest in a product and the importance of the product for that person. This is known as an individual’s

level of involvement.
routinized response behavior.
motivational structure.
evaluative criteria.
cognitive dissonance.
2 points

QUESTION 18

The three major categories of influences on the consumer buying decision process are:

social influences, situational influences, and marketer-dominated influences.
situational influences, social influences, and psychological influences.
situational influences, demographic influences, and psychological influences.
marketer-dominated influences, psychological influences, and person-specific influences.
demographic influences, situational influences, and marketer-dominated influences.
2 points

QUESTION 19

In a period of economic recovery, the best marketing strategy for FedEx would be characterized by which of the following features?

Austerity
Boldness
Flexibility
Aggressiveness
Retrenchment
2 points

QUESTION 20

Many aspects of consumer buying decisions are affected by the individual’s level of involvement. Level of involvement is

the amount of external search that an individual puts into the decision-making process.
the importance and intensity of interest in a product in a particular situation.
a combination of an individual’s demographic factors.
the particular circumstance or environment in which consumers find themselves.
the buyer’s perception, motives, and abilities.
2 points

QUESTION 21

If Hefty Bags expresses concern that its products are having too great an impact on the pollution of ground water under landfills, this concern is directly related to the firm’s

social responsibility.

marketing concept.

profitability.

ethics.

distribution system.

2 points

QUESTION 22

In testing her firm’s new TV ads for Pokémon action figures, Beth discovers the ads make children think many of the action figures can actually fly. Beth now faces an ethical decision regarding which element of the marketing mix?

Product

Price

Distribution

Promotion

Strategy

2 points

QUESTION 23

Sometimes business must find a balance between society’s demand for social responsibility and investors’ desires for profits. This is an example of a(n) ___________ responsibility.

ethical

legal

cost

philanthropic

economic

2 points

QUESTION 24

Cameron Inc. is a very profitable automobile repair shop. The company is well known for its great service and involvement in the community, but it fails to properly dispose of its used oil as outlined in environmental regulations. Cameron is failing in its ______ responsibilities.

legal

ethical

economic

philanthropic

strategic

2 points

QUESTION 25

The Browardton Quilters’ Guild has contacted all the major networks to try to warn people about the poor performance of miniature, hand-held sewing machines. These quilters are engaging in

publicity stunts.

the right to safety.

consumerism.

lobbying.

political action.

2 points

QUESTION 26

The undifferentiated targeting strategy for finding a target market will likely not be successful if

people within the market have heterogeneous needs.
the firm is capable of developing a single marketing mix that satisfies all people’s needs.
product positioning is needed.
the firm defines the total market as its target market.
people within the market have homogeneous needs.
2 points

QUESTION 27

A business advantage of the concentrated targeting strategy for any company is that it

requires less market research and information.
allows a firm to utilize all of its production capacity.
requires less intensive analysis of customers’ characteristics and needs.
maintains the firm’s flexibility in moving into other market segments.
allows a firm to develop a special marketing mix for a single market segment.
2 points

QUESTION 28

A targeting strategy in which an organization directs its marketing efforts at several segments is called a(n) ____ targeting strategy.

total market
undifferentiated
concentrated
integrated
differentiated
2 points

QUESTION 29

Segmentation variables are usually grouped into four categories:

attitudes, lifestyles, behaviors, and gender.
demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioristic.
demographic, geographic, religion, and income.
geographic, demographic, psychographic, and attitudes.
geopolitical, income, behavioristic, and psychographic.
2 points

QUESTION 30

The ProMark Company manufactures a pencil that is about five inches long and has no eraser. It sells the product primarily to golf courses and universities. What type of targeting strategy is the ProMark Company using?

Extensive
Intensive
Differentiated
Concentrated
Undifferentiated
2 points

QUESTION 31

The forces of the marketing environment primarily affect marketers in three ways: They influence customers by affecting their lifestyles and preferences for products; they determine whether or how a marketing manager can perform certain marketing activities; and they

dictate that changes be made to the existing marketing mix despite any negative reactions from customers.
affect a marketing manager’s decisions and actions by influencing buyers’ reactions to the firm’s marketing mix.
change a customer’s decisions about the appropriate marketing mix for the company and its various products.
cause most advertising to be ineffective at communicating product benefits due to rapidly changing environmental forces.
make most new products obsolete very quickly so that research and development must continually develop new products.
2 points

QUESTION 32

The equation a buyer applies to assess a product’s value is

value = monetary price – customer benefits.
value = customer costs – customer benefits.
value = customer benefits – customer costs.
value = customer benefits – time and effort.
value = customer benefits – monetary price.
2 points

QUESTION 33

The focal point of all marketing activities is

profits.
the marketing mix.
products.
sales.
customers.
2 points

QUESTION 34

Marketing is the process of

promoting products through personal selling and advertising to develop and maintain favorable relationships with customers and stakeholders.
focusing on customers’ needs.
creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing products to facilitate satisfying exchange relationships with customers and to develop and maintain favorable relationships with stakeholders in a dynamic environment.
delivering a standard of living to a society.
creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing goods, services, and ideas to facilitate the achievement of the firm’s objectives.
2 points

QUESTION 35

Making modifications to packaging or brand names involves the ____ component of the marketing mix.

product
promotion
market
price
distribution
2 points

QUESTION 36

Consumers buying products online have dramatically affected the ____ variable of the marketing mix.

distribution
product
research
price
promotion
2 points

QUESTION 37

Which of the following is most likely to be an idea marketer?

Car salesperson
Attorney
Airline pilot
Orthodontist
Abuse counselor
2 points

QUESTION 38

Boca Burger’s website features information about products, recipes, and nutritional values, but customers cannot actually purchase products from the website. This website is most likely used primarily as a ____ marketing tool.

production
pricing
promotional
targeting
distributional
2 points

QUESTION 39

The definition of marketing implies that ____ should receive benefits from exchange relationships.

only businesses
company management
only customers
only the most important customers
both customers and businesses
2 points

QUESTION 40

When Ikea showcases rooms of furniture on its website, it lists each item in the room. However, if customers like all of the items, they can purchase them as a bundle. Which of the following aspects of the marketing mix is Ikea likely altering?

Promotion
Distribution
Product
Target market
Price
2 points

QUESTION 41

In managing customer relationships, the three primary ways profits can be obtained are by

enhancing the profitability of existing customers, eliminating customers who provide smaller profits, and finding new customers.
enhancing the profitability of existing customers, extending the duration of relationships with customers, and obtaining new customers.
eliminating long-term customers who have decreased purchases, finding new customers, and increasing sales to existing customers.
extending the length of relationships with customers, cutting organizational costs, and enhancing the profitability of new customers.
acquiring new customers, enhancing the profitability of new customers, and shortening the duration of relationships with existing customers.
2 points

QUESTION 42

Marketing managers strive to develop a marketing mix that

generates the highest level sales.
matches the needs of the target market.
matches what competitors are offering.
minimizes marketing costs.
best matches the abilities of the firm.
2 points

QUESTION 43

The application of mechanical and human efforts to either people or objects to provide intangible benefits to customers is known as a(n)

issue.
experience.
service.
good.
idea.
2 points

QUESTION 44

The three basic forms that a product can take are

brands, services, and tangibles.
markets, products, and images.
services, ideas, and goods.
goods, ideas, and intangibles.
ideas, services, and things.
2 points

QUESTION 45

Which of the following scenarios involves the distribution element of the marketing mix?

Determining whether an advertising message would be more effective on television or in magazines
Developing a new warranty policy for an existing product
Deciding whether or not a certain product should continue to be sold
Deciding whether or not to have retail outlets in addition to a website
Choosing between a company jet or the airlines for executive travel
2 points

QUESTION 46

The advertising campaign for Crest toothpaste lets consumers know about its newest flavor, and also mentions its history as an established brand. The ad also mentions Crest’s advantages and benefits. Crest’s advertising would be classified as

repetitive.
pioneer.
competitive.
reinforcement.
reminder.
2 points

QUESTION 47

Soft drink companies advertise that their products beat the competition in national “taste tests,” and they refer to the rival brands by name. This type of advertising is best described as

comparative.
pioneer.
competitive.
defensive.
selective.
2 points

QUESTION 48

The two major types of product advertising are

informative and comparative.
competitive and comparative.
advocacy and competitive.
institutional and advocacy.
pioneer and competitive.
2 points

QUESTION 49

The cost per thousand (CPM) indicator shows

the cost to expose 1,000 people to a television commercial.
how one media source compares to a different source for reaching target markets.
the cost to expose a million people to any type of advertisement.
the cost to expose 1,000 people to a one-page magazine advertisement.
the return on investment marketers get for their advertising dollar.
2 points

QUESTION 50

Toyota’s sponsorship of a major Professional Golf Association tournament would be an example of a(n) ____ tool.

personal selling
advertising
sales promotion
publicity
public relations

 

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