Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which the student addresses the following three (3) items using headers to separate each response:

1. Congressional Ethics: Identify one (1) member of Congress who has been charged with ethics violations in the past 2 years (include the date). Briefly discuss the reason for the charges and provide two (2) reasons why you agree or disagree with the verdict and any penalties. Provide examples to support your answer. Consider how the verdict and penalties impacts your trust of the members of Congress.
2. Third Party Candidates: Discuss two (2) political reasons why a third party candidate has never been successful in winning a presidential election. Provide examples to support the answer. Consider the political impact of the Republican and Democratic Party if a third party was successful.
3. Federal and State Authority: Identify one (1) current issue facing the United States today (from the past 6 months). Analyze the respective roles of federal and state authorities in addressing the issue. Determine whether the U.S. Constitution constrains the federal and state responses to the issue. Explain.

In your research, you cannot use Wikipedia, online dictionaries, Sparknotes, Cliffnotes, or any other Website do that do not qualify as an academic resource.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are to:

• Identify informed opinions on issues and questions involving the U.S. government, national political processes, policy making, and the notion of democracy.
• Employ terminology used to study political science and American government.
• Develop reasoned written and spoken presentations on issues and questions involving the U.S. government and national political processes using information in the course.
• Describe the basic values of American political culture.
• Explain how the federal system of government works.
• Explore different perspectives on issues and questions about the U.S. government and national political processes.
• Describe the importance of an informed, effective citizenship for the national government and political processes.
• Use concepts from our study of U.S. national government and politics (such as models of democracy) to discuss government and politics in state, local, and international contexts.
• Examine the evolution of presidential power in military affairs.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in the field of U.S. government and politics.
• Write clearly and concisely about U.S. government and politics using proper writing mechanics.

 

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English Language and Literacy
Order Details/Description

ELA 200 English Language and Literacy 2

Assignment TWO

Creating a Resource for Teaching Reading (60%)

Students are expected to create a resource for teaching reading in a context of their choice. The resource should be written in PowerPoint, and should include the following key components:

Key Components

All statements relating to the theory or outcomes must be referenced (including page where appropriate).
Description of the teaching and learning context
Justification of the pedagogical approach used to teach reading
Principles of lesson sequence design
A choice of appropriate task and resources
Identification of long- and short-term goals in relation to the national Australian Curriculum: Literacy and/or another discipline area
A teaching sequence with five teaching plans that integrate all aspects of pedagogy explained above

READINGS

MODULE 1:

Some rules and study tips for module 1:

Explore the textsand video links in this module. Select the resources which interest you; they are all good and will help you reflect on the concept of literacy as a tool for enhancing students’ engagement in the world. No need to read and watch all resources.
Be awareof the difference between current government policies and your own intellectual understanding of your role as a teacher. Policies come and go, while you need to have an informed and critical stance on what you do and why as a teacher. For those curious, here is a link to a great paper by Henry Giroux (Giroux is very famous on this issue and his texts are core texts of anyone involved in teaching literacy):
http://www.ces.uc.pt/interact/documents/WP14_summmary_draft.pdf
http://www.sef.org.pk/old/Educate/education/Teachers%20as%20Transformatory%20Intellectuals%20by%20Henry%20Giroux.pdf
You do not have to purchase textbooks. This unit will provide you with online texts, suffienct in scope to pass the unit. While Module 1 shows examples of textbooks, all these textbooks have been written some time ago. There are not the protocols for teaching literacy. They provide you will some commonly expressed ideas about literacy and should be used criticall.
Explore archived Collaborate sessions and participate in the ones we will hold everysecond or so week to clarify your questions. You can watch archived Collaborate seesions from SS2013 and S12014
Collaborate Session 1 PDF – Collaborate_One(1).pdf
Collaborate session 1 (archives)
Ensure you mark reviewedwhen finish to gain access to module two (2)
If you plan to create an online portfolio, here are links to tutorials teaching how to create a Google website (Google Sites which are free). Many tutorials you can find on YTube.

Lian’s tutorials for working with Google sites:
https://sites.google.com/site/alumnieducationhub/video-tutorials—using-google-sites/google-sites-tutorials
Other Google Apps tutorials by Ania Lian:
https://sites.google.com/site/alumnieducationhub/video-tutorials—using-google-sites

Focus questions for Module One:

What is the purpose/goal of reading?
How do we make meaning?
What do we ‘do’ when we read?
Why do we read?
What do we read?

Getting Started:

What do we already know and understand about readers and reading?

It is often useful to start off with what we already know and it will be important to keep your notes to guide your own learning and reading, and so that you can go back and reflect on your knowledge over the course of this unit. One useful knowledge organiser is a KWHL (What do I know, What do I want to know, How will I learn, What did I learn) chart but you might also find ta graphic organisers useful in getting you started, they are only a suggestion and there are many different websites you can look at if you can’t find a graphic organiser to suit you. You might also find some of the author’s comments interesting to consider as you begin your reading about reading but for the moment they are something you could come back to at a later date, here we are really interested in how you mightorganise your ideas.

Take a moment, look over the focus questions and engage in the unit materials, all with the aim to assist you to identify the qualities which make up a “reader”. While engaging in readings and Collaborate materials, start writing down what you think makes up a godo reader. Do not be guided by your assumption. Look at them critically in the light of the materials you read, listen to, or watch online. When you have finished – organise your ideas a little more using some key words or headings you see in your lists/ideas. Then write down a definition of a reader, it should be no more than a short paragraph. Your definition should tell you and others what a good reader does that makes him or her effective.

Becoming a reader – If you can’t open the links, copy them and paste into your browser
The videos and texts for this week focus on becoming a reader.

Explore and Play

Some time ago I created this video for my facebook friends:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1gBh5db32E&list=UUwQS6fhgp64nJP6GrO2qDCw
How many systems of meaning does this video integrate? Name them: music? what type of music? why male voice? why birds? why video? why road? why accident? who would be the audience and why? Could you use a similar type of activity to create a video with pre-literacy children (age 5 or so)? How would you do this, how and for what purpose? Which bits in this video target litercay skills?
Text messaging and literacy: what do you think of the results of this study? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iL2vD-sVweM
Brain and literacy: lots of wonderful insightshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzvMyzici6U
Maryanne Wolf, (2011). Mind, Brain, and Education Podcasts: “Dyslexia Intervention: Reading and the Brain”, YT http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QN7Y6onJGq
Reflections:

Hill (2012 pg 2 -6) states “Reading and writing begins at birth, and continues steadily as children develop.” and goes on to talk about the development of literacy, of reading, writing, listening and speaking as a developmental process. On teh basis of what you have done so far in this unit, do you agree or disagree with Hill’s statements? Why? Why not?
What does the process of becoming a reader involve? Where does reading start? What are the prerequisites for becoming a reader?

Dr Maren Aukerman from Stanford University is an acclaimed scholar in teaching literacy. Review her paper, attached in here. Observe the attention she gives to literacy as a tool of communication. Children do not just read to satisfy the school’s requirements. They read to engage togetherAukerman_reading URL: https://www.learnersedgeinc.com/file/aWho’s%20Afraid%20of%20the%20Big%20’Bad%20Answer’.pdf
Also, in thise reserve reading we will look at the work of David Sousa (2005) as he describes links between brain development and reading. Firstly he talks about the acquisition of spoken language in contrast to the ‘relatively new phenomenon’ of reading (pg 32). This article contains quite a bit of detail and material.
Some pertinent points are made about:

The role of oral language in reading development
The role of communication in learning to read
The types of skills and knowledge required to comprehend text and
Brain development

The readings below are quite old but if you wish to learn how people used and and actually still continue thinking about learning to read, I encourage you to browse through these readings, but do so while exercising critical thikning.

Michael Pressley (2006) has been criticised strongly by key literacy researchers. Still his textbook was widely used and it is always worthwhile to see what he thought and wrote about. Pressley makes some points about the way children make meaning from text and the active process of reading: readers know the purpose for reading, readers make conscious efforts to link prior knowledge to make meaning and interpret text and how good readers actively monitor their understanding as they read. Like Sousa, Pressley talks about the role of eye tracking within this cognitive process of decoding and describes, in detail, the attributes of successful readers.

Skilled reading (Chapter 2) / Michael Pressley.

This reading by Kemp, Max (1980) http://ereadings.cdu.edu.au/eserv/cdu:20576/doc.pdf builds on the previous two readings, and will be very useful when we look at diagnosing reading problems and assessment, by not simply talking about skilled readers but also proposes some insight into students who might struggle to learn to read. Again you will need to consider the links between these readings and summarise your ideas and understandings of the goals of reading and what we do when we read.

Winch et al (2011) Chapter One: A balanced view of reading. In this chapter Winch provides a clear overview of the global and national research on reading and introduces some key terms and definitions.

Winch et al 2011 Chapter 3: Oral Language. As Sousa and Olson point out humans have been speaking for thousands of years, it is ‘hard wired’ into our brains (Sousa 2005, Olson 1994). Thus we want to make clear the importance of oral language and oracy, the joint process of listening and talking, in effective approaches to learning and teaching reading (Winch et al 2011 pg 31). In this chapter you might link to your prior knowledge from ETL 112 or ELA 100 as we review the components of oral language and make connections between oral language and reading. On page fifty six Winch talks about the mode continuum, a concept we will spend some more time in the coming weeks as we look at ‘What is text?’.

The Olson reading gives a very interesting history of reading:

A history of reading : from the spirit of the text to the intentions of the author (Chapter 7) / David R. Olson.

And this reading by Wood provides rich introduction into learning theories in educational settings and may assist you in making links about what we know of learning in general and learning to read.

From Pavlov to Piaget (Introduction) / David Wood.

MODULE 2:

Study tips for module 2:

Engage the materials in the module
Identify relevant concepts and integrate them into your understanding of litercay and a good teaching practice.
Watch/listen to archived lectures: Collaborate session 2 (archived), URL:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DnytRhsYPdo
When links don’t work, copy and paste them into your browser

Focus Questions for Module Two:

What is text?
How has literacychanged over time?
How do we choose and use quality texts for teaching and learning?
How do I analyse texts for teaching reading within an effective literacy program?
Getting Started:

What are texts?
Attached is a PowerPoint which helps introduce the concept of text as a cultural artefact. Implications are made to pedagogy. This is to illustrate how the concept of text we use affects the way we work with texts in our literacy classes. You can expand the ideas presented in the PPT and see how they would work for you in your context. The aim is that you consider the ideas presented in the PPT and, in assessment task, take a position to them. You can expand on those or take a counter view. For your assignments, use the documents attached below as conceptual guides. Browse through the literature listed below as they are texts written by prominent scholars.

What is TEXT? by Ania Lian – http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/lian.ania-2085110-text/
This document further elabortes on issues explored in the PPT: By Ania Lian, Why do people read.doc
Professor Peter Freebody, Literacy as behaviour, processing and social activity Part 1 URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJ1WRoPT1V4 PART 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLxDLgEQyMU
Readings and resources

Links to relevant texts:

Using prescribed textbooks, identify chapters with information relevant to those question and the assignments
DECS SA (2002-4). Mapping Multiliteracies, Report: URL: http://www.earlyyearsliteracy.sa.edu.au/files/links/Mapping_Multiliteracie_1.pdf
Kalantzis & Cope (2012). Literacies, Oxford, URL: http://newlearningonline.com/literacies
Kalantzis & Cope (2009). Multiliteracies, Pedagogies: An International Journal, 4: 164–195, URL: http://newlearningonline.com/files/2009/03/pedagogiesm-litsarticle1.pdf
Lecture online in 3 parts:
Link to Part 1 : http://youtu.be/s5TPsT4bZKU
Link to Part 2: http://youtu.be/mn5sFhaAcmA
Link to Part 3: http://youtu.be/yE7aj-ec8Ww
Online games:

https://sites.google.com/site/alumnieducationhub/esl-tricks
http://paper.li/ Create your own newspaper online for free
http://oddcast.com/home/demos/tts/tts_example.php
http://talktyper.com/
http://www.wavosaur.com/
http://dashburst.com/best-e-learning-authoring-tools/
http://splash.abc.net.au/collection/-/c/616968/rhyme-rhythm-and-repetition-sound-beat-repeat-
Summary of the module and the Australian Curriculum

The objective of this module was to offer students a way of looking at texts that shows a tight link between culture and language. The aim was for students to begin to consider approaching texts not as content, but as intentions. When working with literary pieces, like nursery rhymes etc., it is imperative that students approach those texts as aesthetic experiences, exploring together the language devices that authors use to make their text wonderful, fun, amazing, creative and worth reading.

This way of approaching texts allows students and teachers to engage the outcomes listed in the Australian Curriculum. As you can see, AC does not define reading as learning words and sounds. It sees it as a complex process, engaging students in learning about the world and tools which allow them to participate in this world in the most appropriate ways.

MODULE 3:

n this theme we present current research and practical examples to synthesise evidence pertaining to key aspects of effective and successful classroom practices for teaching reading. Participants will be supported through discussion, readings and examples to enable them to analyse and describe key elements from evidence based approaches to teaching reading; compare approaches and critically analyse successful teaching and learning in diverse contexts, including culturally inclusive practices and differentiated teaching and learning

Study tips for module 3:

The lectures below take us slowly to Assignment 2

Link To lecture WEEK 5 http://youtu.be/-BfoLw1HZE0
WEEK 6
with Professor Koo Yew Lie from the National University, K Lumpur

Part 1 – http://youtu.be/yDUrI2oFmU4

Part 2 – http://youtu.be/pwQVQEGySWQ

enjoy (lecture with Professor Koo Yew Lie from the National University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

Link to Collaborate Week 5 SEM 1 2014 http://youtu.be/6s2CbzyWAss
PPT WEEK 6 pptx

Focus Questions for Module Three:

What critical issues and research have informed the teaching effective teaching of reading in quality literacy classrooms?
What are the stages of reading development and how do I effectively support students’ development?
How do I analyse reading programs for effectiveness?
What are the key components of an effective ‘balanced’ reading program?
Getting Started:

The main issues in research on reading
Using the prescribed textbook for this unit and resources listed below identify chapters with information relevant to the question of the Module and the assignments.

In Module 2, I collected video clips that in my judgment offer a good preparation for this module. Despite differences in perspectives between different literacy models, one thing emerges as the key concern – we need to place student in the centre of our programs, not our beliefs about the student. You may ask, how could we do that? This is the challenge that literacy programs need to take on. Typically, teaching programs make assumptions about the students, and then act on those asumptions, with little concern for the reality of each and every child. A term balanced approach was coined to counteract the early methods which saw reading as a single-dimension skill. Whether the balanced programs on offer do it well or not, in principle they are correct: teachers need to see reading as engaging complex skills. Exploring and facilitaing this complexity allows children to activate a wide range of cognitive networks and process information in more than one way. As Maryanne Wolf says, children are allowed to re-organise information, not acquire.

What is interaction?

Ania Lian (2013) URL: http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/lian.ania-1750589-lecture-interaction/
Development and Piaget – Here Piage talks about his own work and how he is frequently misunderstood.

Piaget (nd) Piaget on Piaget Part 1 (Development and reading ) – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1JWr4G8YLM
Piaget (nd) Piaget on Piaget Part 1: A clip showing a child drawing a triangle – http://youtu.be/I1JWr4G8YLM?t=4m35s( This clip is a very important and illustrates the difference in how children see the world. This clicp is critical. As we mature, we forget how different the world looked when we were kids. Teachers in schools often require the right answer or the right behaviour. When children respond in an unexpected way, or dont want to respond, it is not always for the reasons teachers attribute to them. We need to make room for children’s own engagement. This means activities where children create, explore and express their relationship to the world. We do not teach literacy, we suport children in being in the world.
Readings and resources

Links to relevant texts:

Using prescribed textbooks, identify chapters with information relevant to those question and the assignments
Mason, J., Stewart, J. and C. Peterman (2007). Stages of reading development – Toward an integrated model of reading(book) 2 – 6
Mason, J., Stewart, J. and C. Peterman (2007). Integrating and Relating the Evidence to Models of Reading Toward an integrated model of reading(book) 15-18
W. Carnine|J. Silbert|E. J. Kame’enui|S. G. Tarver — Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall (2010). Stages of reading development (Chall) –http://www.education.com/reference/article/Chall-model-reading-development/
Richard Selznick, (2011). Stages of reading development (Chall) YT https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjlQ6YIHKpc
Stanly, N. (2012). Teaching Reading Through Play: A Vygotskian Perspective https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pi31H6M_xJc
Stancock1 Channel (2011). Playing with the Postmodern: Picture Books for Multiliteracies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tv0_fyFbwkg
A balanced literacy program https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5JTCjvsp4o
AND: “According to renowned professor Dr. Jeanne Chall, students proceed through predictable stages of learning to read. During the pre-reading stage up until about 6 years old, children begin to control language. By the time students reach kindergarten they should have some print knowledge and vocabularies of about 6,000 words. Many children can write their names.

In stage 1, children develop a sense of the alphabetic principle and use sound-spelling relationships.

Through grades 2 and 3, the second stage of reading, students develop their decoding skills, their fluency and additional strategies to make meaning from text. Stage 3, which lasts from grades 4 through 8 is a time when students encounter wide varieties of texts and contexts, and all the reading demands that accompany these experiences. They must extend their vocabularies if they are to effectively obtain information from text; the texts also extend the background experiences and strategic habits of readers.

In stages 4 and 5, through high school and college, the language and cognitive demands of readers increase, and they are expected to analyze texts critically and understand multiple points of view. By stage 5, reading is considered truly constructive, that is readers take in significant range of information and construct their own understanding for their own individual uses based on analysis and synthesis.” (Scholastic Red publication, 2002, Link)

Summary of the module

The book Toward an integrated model of reading (Mason,Peterman,Stewart,& Dunning, 2007) presents a comprehensive overview of reading development and models used for teaching reading. The book is a study of two different reading communities and its results show that children’ s early interest and involvemen in reading is one of the main predictors of their literacy success. Linking these stages with strategies emphasising communication and balanced approach to literacy are the key strategies of modern approaches to reading.

MODULE 4:

Building on the work completed in the previous theme, participants will be supported to apply knowledge of successful teaching and learning to current approaches for teaching reading. Creating a list of key principles in relation to teaching reading will enable students reflect on and deepen their understanding of the application of research to practice. This theme also provides an opportunity to develop links between reading, oral language and high order thinking skills as a part of literate classrooms and practice.

Study tips for module 4:

WEEK 7 Lecture
Part 1 http://youtu.be/Lx7Ewk_S924
Part 2 : http://youtu.be/-zuA2WIsKQs
PPT – attached pptx
Watch archived Collaborate session 5, URL: http://youtu.be/Axf1qV1ZuuQ
PPT & PDF Lecture for Collaborate Session pdfCollab_05_lesson02_design.pptx
Examine or save for your own records a link to:

University of Sydney ICT skills links (SmartBoard, PPT and more)http://sydney.edu.au/education_social_work/learning_teaching/ict/skills/interactive_whiteboards.shtml

Attached Files
jpg(145.703 KB)
Focus Questions for Module Four:

What key principles should inform my reading and literacy program?
How do I design and evaluate an effective reading program?
Getting Started:
The information below offers you an overview of reading as a process and of the pedagogy of reading. Choose from the readings those which are relevant to your assignment questions.

What is reading?

In the Evolutionary Roots of the Reading Brain (link in Readings) , Professor Dr. Maryanne Wolf of Tufts University’s Center for Reading and Language Research makes two points: (1) reading is not innate, we are not born to read. AND (2) “the act of reading is vastly complex, and requires that we engage many different parts of the brain because no single area within the brain is responsible for reading”. This very statement has been a core of this unit already. In addition we also know that to facilitate reading for comprehension, we need to teach reading for comprehension. In other words, we should teach reading for communicative purposes, in activities where how students read a text will determine the outcome of the activity (not assessment but the communicative outcome). In that sense, this unit builds on a lot we have covered already. Professor Maryanne Wolf’s lecture Part 1 is included here as a core reading material, in case some of you may have missed it in the previous modules.

On page 8 of this PPT (Maryanne Wolf , The Science of the Reading Brain) http://assets.soprislearning.com/raveoresources/PDFs/FL_adoption/The_Science_of_the_Reading_Brain_Presentation.pdf the slide says that the brain changes with every word. This is very important. Traditionally, people thought that humans learn the meaning of words. But this is not what the brain scan shows. When you say one word, you activate many connections. We do not learn words, we learn their use. And we take long time to do so. It is this emphasis on the use, on communication, on purposeful engagement that is one of the main keys to successful reading.

Also, in this module attention is given to the pedagogy of reading and reading disabilities (largely dyslexia). Teh ppt about critical approach to reading has been taken from a website Teaching reading in Australia http://w3.unisa.edu.au/eds/research/TRApresentations.asp

Accelerated literacy link is provided – I am not a proponent of the model largely because of its heavy emphasis on structure, with much less concern for students’ culture (i.e. for the “compare, contrast and evaluate” learning techniques and resources enabling this kind of explorative learning). As a reuslt, texts tend to be presented as the things to read, not as an opportunity to explore and expand children’s understanding about how culture mitigates what kids understand to be a comprehensible text.

How to teach reading effectively?
The links below exemplify the points made above in a greater detail. It is important that all students browse (at least) through the PPT Crtical Approach to Reading. The presentation makes a number of points important. It critiques the regulatory role of the teacher and the ways in which this role is reinforced through accepted and expected techniques of student management.

When you cannot open links, try to right-click them and open in a new window, or copy and paste the link nto your browser.
Readings and resources

· Using prescribed textbooks, identify chapters with information relevant to the questions of this Module and the assignments. Also explore additional resources below:
· Teaching Reading in Australia, UniSA , URL: http://w3.unisa.edu.au/eds/research/TRApublications.aspAND http://w3.unisa.edu.au/eds/research/TRApresentations.asp
· Scientific learning (nd.). The reading brain URL: http://www.scilearn.com/results/increasing-learning-capacity/brain-science-video/
· Maryanne Wolf (2012) The Science of the Reading Brain (Part 1) URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_ephYMS16Q&feature=youtu.be&t=15m30s
(copy and paste into your browser) also a PPThttp://assets.soprislearning.com/raveoresources/PDFs/FL_adoption/The_Science_of_the_Reading_Brain_Presentation.pdf
· KinaLearn.com (2010.) Dyslexia -How a dyslectic brain works, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2CIjD1gEiE
Laurie Cestnick (2010). Visual Attention, Reading and Dyslexia URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-3LWFS5YS8 – whole lecture
on the topic of children the video will start @ 25 minutes http://youtu.be/T-3LWFS5YS8?t=25m2s (copy and paste into your browser)
· dyslexiamom (2011). Spelling tecnhnique for dyslexic http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CpZAH6elIc
Accelerated literacy, URL:nalp.edu.au /Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wwS7KgP1G5E
Summary

Designing a reading class: A summary of the points made in the above texts (using also text from http://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/)

Using everyday texts in a literacy program
Placing emphasis on using everyday texts and talks about how she involves parents in her program.
Rewarding is crtical for longterm memory
While true, the concept of reward is not a sweet, but a clear feedback to a student that they did well and good things hapened as a result. In other words, if their reading is part of a communicative pruposeful activity, if they get things right, positive outcomes follow. This is the most critical aspect.

Strategies to help children read
Most of all, students need to perceive the relevance of reading. The link between communication and reading must be made. All other forms of awareness and appreciation of the written word (phonological and phoneme awareness) will flow easier if children know why they are doing all this.

Teaching children about communicative purpose
Create activities that can’t work without reading or writing. E.g. When engaged in creating a Class Book, how is Max to ensure that we all know that his drawing of himself is him? He can sign Max and this makes things easier. You can then enrich these communicative activities with structural activities, as shown in my lectures.

Rhymes, chants, alliteration – phonemic activities
These activities always have a purpose. The purpose is to belong. Kids use these on the playground and you can exploit their popularity in reading classes. For example, you can create an activity where you create an imaginary Max who does not speak English and wants to learn the rhymes. How will he do that? Kids may help you too. So instead of coming with a ready resource, you may create one with the kids. Also you can sing the chants, as we did Sheep OR two song and scramble the text on SmartBoard etc, see our last Sheep Song Activity. The benefits of language play are numerous. Language play involves having fun with the sounds of words, creating new words, and exploring and creating language patterns through rhymes, chants, and alliteration and repetitions.

Teaching children about phonemes
Learning to read begins with children becoming comfortable and familiar with phonemes. They do this in lots of ways including in conversations about books, especially with alphabet and rhyming books and activities. There is a million of phonemic games online. I like the BBC ones, especially writing a postcard http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/phonics/postcard/flash/game.shtml But there is more on that site and others http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/wordsandpictures/longvow/poems/flash/fpoem1.shtml The point of those games is by tehmselves they can be boring because they are like doing maths – with left hemisphere highly overloaded. My preference is for giving time to communicative (creative) activities, then creating games related directly to the text in those activities (as in SHEEP activity) and only then when kids want to play, engage them in those phonemic drills (or any other structural exercises). By now they are warmed up , they have a clue that getting the text right is important and they can play.

see ths video:EnglishLessons4U channel , 2012, Spelling and pronunciation, URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjYKiRqFRss —- It is great as a game or an awareness exercise. But if you introduce to children a concept of difficulty, they will nevr learn the thing that you called difficult. So making fun of silent letters is appropriate at some stage. Introducing this as a very important thing is not because too muc pressure cerates stress in children.

Building children’s vocabularies and story sense
Listening, reading, dramatizing, the telling and retelling of a familiar stories helps young children build their vocabularies and understand the parts of a story and how they are related. Also using vocabulary builder games is important (home, homesick, homeland, home??).

Literacy teaching and learning – From research to practice
What the research says about early literacy teaching and learning – phonics, phonemic awareness, positive adult-child relationships, a print rich environment and varying teaching strategies are among the things that evidence say matter. But this should not mean start with phonics, because you will tire children. Start with creative communicative tasks and the integrate all forms of language exercise in your activities.

Read aloud – a print awareness strategy
Print awareness is an important part of learning to read. But engaging with print does not have to be a book; you can begin with SmartBoards and texts played out on the screen, with children then creating books to those texts/plays. We need to be creative, and a Shared reading activity can be reved up and made more interesting that a teacher reading for 10 minutes or longer with not all kids switched on. It is through interaction that children learn ONLY. So we need to ensure that all activities have a high interactive component and so we can jazz them up as nowadays we have tools for so doing.

Dialogic reading – prompting children to read
When using dialogic reading as a strategy the adult becomes the listener, the questioner and the audience for the child. The adult deliberating prompts the child through questions and help them recall what happened and anticipate and predict what might happen next. You can use this form of activity also with groups of children, does not have to be with an adult only.

Print awareness – setting up the environment
The foundation of all other literacy learning builds upon print awareness. Print awareness is a child’s earliest understanding that written language carries meaning. set up your school and environment in a way that unless kids read, they cannot get things right. So for example, they may have their seats labeled with their names. Or .. you get my point.

MODULE 5:

Why leave assessment to the end, when it is one of the most important aspects of teaching and learning? Like a good book, we have to lay the foundations, the background, so we can look back making critical links to prior knowledge and view the ‘big picture’.

Assessment in reading enables teachers to make informed decisions about teaching- based on evidence and data collection. In this theme we will develop skills and knowledge that will enable participants to assess student reading and identify better pedagogic support. Many students struggle as readers. Here we seek to use knowledge of what to do to support and scaffold readers into new, effective strategies for engaging reading skills and comprehending texts.

Study tips for module 5:

Begin your preparation for Assignment Two: A resource for teaching reading
Week 9 Lecture URL: http://youtu.be/_XwU84NfDnk(a bit soft and needs loud speakers )
WEEKS 10 -11 Lecturehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FK9wqq7cl34&feature=youtu.be
Some resources:
Watch archived Collaborate session 6, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KT9QWsOyVAg
Watch archived Collaborate session 7, URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_XIM8xiNuY
PPT and PDF Lecture for Collaborate Session 6Collab_06_lesson02_design(1).pdf
pptx
An example of a design of a resource by Jo Humphries, Charles Darwin University, School of Education, studyingin another unit http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/lian.ania-1810584-designing-unit-work-literacy-australian-schools/
A game / resource for children sheep_evi(1).pptx

Focus Questions for Module 5:

How do I assess students reading and literacy development?
How do I use assessment data to inform and refine the teaching and learning context?
How do I support students ‘at risk’?
How do I establish a differentiated learning environment to support all learners?
Getting Started:

Choose from the readings those which are relevant to your assignment questions.The additional titles and links below offer a brief oveview of the subject matter.

Additional resources

Visible Learning, Professor Hattie, New Zeland, ppt 11.09.ppt
Reading comprehension http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/50134/1/ESRCcomprehensionbooklet.pdf
Assessment for learning in Australia http://www.assessmentforlearning.edu.au/default.asp
The assessment of reading comprehension cognitive strategies: Practices and perceptions of Western Australian teachers, 279-283http://www.alea.edu.au/documents/item/265
Reading assessment techniques http://www.sedl.org/reading/framework/assessment.html

A brief bullet point summary http://www.slideshare.net/ewhite/assessment-literacy-effective-classroombased-assessment-presentation-907377#btnNext

MODULE 6:

Timperley (2008) states ‘The core question is, “What do we as teachers need to learn to promote the learning of our students?”’. This core question defines the relationship between teacher knowledge and student outcomes. Reflective teachers constantly up-date their knowledge and identify areas of need in their own knowledge based on students needs and to ensure quality outcomes for students. In this final theme participants move into the role of practitioner “to develop self –regulatory skills that will enable them to monitor and reflect on the effectiveness of changes they make to their practice (Timperley 2009)”. Course work will be drawn together to support students in their final assignment as they apply their knowledge and understanding to the task of creating a teaching resource.

Study tips for module 6:

Begin completing Assignment TWO
Archived SEM 1 2014 Collaborate WEEK 11 http://youtu.be/FQMSABqtONo
Lesson by Ania Lian: pptx(iPads do not work well with these games)
Lesson resource, URL: http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/mlapl1-1438786-the-lion-and-mouse-with-words-sounds/
A few ideas:

Examples of authentic reading activities

The school can develop a relationship with a local Aged Care Centre where children go and read to older people
Children record their readings for YT to share with other children for fun or to assist them in learning to read
Children record their animated readings to upload on YT and show off in remote places for older people to enjoy and for younger children for fun
Students record ther readings to suport children overseas who are learning English – set up a sister relationship with overseas schools

Focus Questions for Module 6:

What critical issues impact on the teaching and learning of reading in literacy rich classrooms?
What resources do teachers draw on to inform their practice?
What are the strengths and areas of need in my knowledge, understandings and skills?
Getting started

In this Module, we will spend time reflecting on what we have learnt and what questions we still have unaswered. Identify the questions which you may still have and pose tehm during the on-campus lectures or Collaborate sessions.

Suggested LINKS

Below listed are some texts which may prompt your questions or which may help you summarise your current thinking

Highland Literacy project, UK, hvlc.org.uk/hlp
Creating a Literacy-Rich Environment: http://www.mckeecths.org/download.axd?file=b2880f95-15c2-455d-9a5b-299661ff156f&dnldType=Resource
Other resources on Literacy reflective practitioner and rich environments:
http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=481

http://www.wiu.edu/itlc/ws/ws2/litenv_2.php

Summary

A literacy rich environemn is NOT one decorated with books but one where the need for communicationis apparent and engaging.
Teacher as a leader: Research shows that few teachers see themselves as leaders. “Bottom-up” projects can be devised in schools and amazing things will happen.
As you observe K-12 classroom settings, ask yourself if they support learning as defined by 21st century literacy demands and the new standards?http://www.learningunlimitedllc.com/2013/01/literacy-rich-environments-support-the-common-core-infographic/
How contemporary is the dominance of print materials in classrooms?
Are all this print materials creating an exciting space?
In addition:

Children’s perceptions of their reading ability and epistemic roles

In monologically and dialogically organized bilingual classrooms

(Aukerman, M. ) Aukerman2013_Literacy(1).pdf

“Mounting evidence suggests that how students perceive of their own ability matters considerably to their academic achievement, to their persistence and motivation in school-related tasks, and even to their decision-making about college and career goals (Bandura, Barbaranelli, Caprara, & Pastorelli, 2001; Guthrie, Coddington, & Wigfield, 2009; Usher & Pajares, 2008). Negative self-beliefs about reading ability may be particularly destructive, as these can spur students to disengage from reading for fear that perceived weaknesses will become public, potentially fueling a vicious cycle where students lose experiences with texts that could strengthen both their confidence in their reading and the very abilities they feel they lack (Hall, 2009). Conversely, positive reading self-efficacy beliefs appear to move students toward habits of heart and mind that make them “lifelong readers” who want to read for a range of aesthetic and utilitarian purposes (Guthrie, et al., 2009, p. 320).

Self-perceptions of ability are powerfully shaped by experience and appear to be malleable (Hall, 2012; Johnson, 2005; Usher & Pajares, 2008), suggesting that students’ experiences in the classroom can have important lasting effects on how they think of themselves as readers. Yet, for all the apparent malleability, schools have not yet harnessed effective ways to support students’ perceptions of their reading ability across time. To the contrary, children’s perceived reading self-efficacy generally declines between the ages of 8 and 12, even as their actual reading achievement improves (J. Smith, Smith, Gilmore, & Jameson, 2012). The nature of the instruction students receive in school has been hypothesized to play a major role in this decline, as it does in other subject domains such as mathematics (Usher, 2009).

In most reading classrooms, there is a pervasive emphasis on transmission of understandings, and students primarily answer questions posed to assess what they know about the text. Nystrand (1997) describes such teaching as monologically organized instruction. In monologically organized classrooms, teachers typicallyinitiate with a question, students respond, and teachers evaluate student answers (Mehan, 1979). This traditional IRE pattern of discourse has a strong historical legacy, and remains the “default pattern” in classrooms today (Cazden, 2001, p. 53), even when teachers engage in discussions (Nystrand & Gamoran, 1991). In monologically organized classrooms, the teacher poses questions and offers textual explanations that steer students toward answers sanctioned by the teacher; consequently, the discourse is teacher-dominated. Students, in turn, typically look to the teacher for confirmation that they have correct textual understandings, and seldom dialogue directly with each other about what the text might mean.

In other classrooms, notably rarer, the emphasis is on constructing understandings through dialogue, and the students and teacher talk through ideas together.

 

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Resource: Risk and Quality Management Tools Matrix

Imagine you are a quality leader for a health care organization and have been asked to create a manual for new employees to introduce the basic concepts of risk and quality management.

Part I:

Write a 1,750- to 2,100-word manual in which you address the following:

· Explain basic concepts of quality improvement in the health care industry

· Explain the concepts of risk management in the health care industry

· Analyze the information needed for decision-making processes in risk and quality management in the health care industry

· Explain challenges in making risk- and quality-management decisions in the health care industry

Part II:

Within your manual, you must include a matrix in which you do the following:

· Analyze the risk-and quality management tools used in the health care industry.

· Consider the following when completing your matrix:

· What is the risk- and quality-management tool?

· What is the purpose of the tool?

· What are the advantages and disadvantages of the tool selected?

To assist you with the development of your matrix, use the Risk and Quality Management Tools Matrix located under student materials. The matrix must be embedded within your training manual.

Format your manual according to APA guidelines.

Cite at least 4 peer-reviewed, scholarly, or similar references.

Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

 

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Managing Financial Resources
Order Details/Description

BA5501 Managing Financial Resources coursework brief 2014-15

Coursework weighting: 40% of the overall module grade

Learning outcomes

The coursework will assess your ability to:

 Analyse and interpret financial statements

 Make decisions based on financial information and non-financial considerations

 Explain the purpose of accounting in the context of different users of accounting

information

[The following extract is taken from the Halfords Group plc website:

http://www.halfordscompany.com/investors/halfords-explained accessed 1st Sept 2014]

“For more than 110 years Halfords has been synonymous with travel. Today our vision is clear –

We Help And Inspire Our Customers With Their Life On The Move. We are the UK’s leading

retailer of automotive and leisure products and leading independent operator in garage servicing

and auto repair. Many of our brands and product categories hold number one sales positions;

however there are clear opportunities to grow market share segments within key segments.

Our operations have three strategic pillars:

Supporting Drivers of Every Car
Inspiring Cyclists of Every Age
Equipping Families for their Leisure Time
In order to deliver growth in our three strategic pillars Halfords is pursuing Getting Into Gear, a

five-point Retail programme of execution designed to deliver a significantly-improved customer

experience.

Service Revolution – introducing a step change in service across Halfords stores
The H Factor – reasserting our proposition authority to support drivers of every car,
inspire cyclists of every age and equip families for their leisure time

Stores Fit to Shop – investing to raise the Halfords store estate to a standard that is
acceptable and operable

21st Century Infrastructure – systems and infrastructure to support service and sales
Click with the Digital Future – creating a service-led digital proposition
The aim of this programme is to help deliver Group sales in excess of £1bn by the end of

financial year 2016”.

Income statements for the years-ending 28th March 2014 and 29th March 2013 for

Halfords Group plc:

2014 (£m) 2013 (£m)

Revenue 939.7 871.3

Cost of sales (435.5) (394.2)

Gross profit 504.2 477.1

Operating expenses (426.6) (400.0)

Operating profit 77.6 77.1

Finance costs (5.2) (6.3)

Finance income 0.2 0.2

Profit before income tax 72.6 71.0

Income tax expense (17.1) (18.3)

Profit for the year 55.5 52.7Statements of Financial Position (balance sheet) as at the year-ending 28th March 2014 and 29th

March 2013 for Halfords Group plc:

2014 (£m) 2013 (£m)

Non-current assets 441.8 433.1

Current assets

Inventories (stock) 150.2 133.2

Trade and other receivables 52.8 53.8

Other items 5.3 9.8

208.3 196.8

Total assets 650.1 629.9

Current liabilities

Borrowings (10.3) (4.3)

Trade and other payables (159.5) (144.9)

Other items (21.5) (33.9)

(191.3) (183.1)

Non-current liabilities

Borrowings (94.6) (114.2)

Other items (38.1) (33.9)

(132.7) (148.1)

Total liabilities (324.0) (331.2)

Net assets 326.1 298.7

Total equity 326.1 298.7

Required

You are required to conduct an analysis of the financial statements of Halfords Group plc for the

years-ending 2013 and 2014 and prepare a fully referenced report (1,500 words) based on the

tasks set out in the table below (the word count excludes the reference list, exhibits and

appendices).

Assessment tasks and criteria Marks

Write an introduction to your report including:
(i) the aims of the report

(ii) a short overview of the main activities of Halfords Group plc

10%

For Halfords Group plc’s years-ending 2013 and 2014 calculate:
(i) Three profitability ratios

(ii) Three solvency / liquidity ratios

10%

Write an analysis comparing the financial performance and the financial position of
Halfords Group plc in 2013 and 2014, based on the ratios you calculated in task 2.

40%

Identify and discuss possible users of your analysis and their differing information
requirements

10%

Provide a short discussion on the importance of supplementing financial analysis
with non-financial considerations

10%

Write a conclusion to your report including a summary of your main findings 10%
Referencing and report presentation 10%
Submission

Your coursework must be submitted as a Word document via Turnitin on StudySpace by 9.00

am on Thursday 22nd January 2015.BA5501 Managing Financial Resources coursework marking guidelines 2014-15

Task 1: Introduction (10%)

The introduction should be around 150 words and should start by stating the purpose of the

report. The introduction must also include a short overview of Halfords Group plc and their main

activities expressed in the author’s own words. For example:

– refer to the firm size (number of employees / sales / market capitalisation)

– refer to the industry sector

Tasks 2 and 3: Calculations and analysis (10% for calculations and 40% for written

analysis)

The analysis of financial performance and financial position should be around 750 words (the

word count excludes calculations and tables). A basic analysis will describe the ratio results;

whereas an excellent analysis will explain the results and make comparisons to readily available

benchmark data. An excellent analysis will also relate the results to the business activities.

– Provide citations for the ratio formulae (e.g. Black and Al-Kilani, 2013, p.207).

– Show the detailed ‘workings’ for your ratio calculations in an appendix and a summary of

the results in a table(s) in the main body of the report. If you do not provide the workings

you will score zero for the calculations.

– The calculations must be displayed in the word document (NOT hand written).

– Use and display the correct unit of measurement (e.g. ROCE is a percentage).

– Round calculations to 2 decimal places.

Task 4: Users of financial statements (10%)

This section should be around 150 words. A basic report will briefly describe the different

information requirements of the users of financial statements. An excellent report will discuss the

prior analysis in relation to different users. The main focus is likely to be on investors, potential

investors and customers.

Task 5: Non-financial considerations (10%)

This section should be around 150 words. A basic report will argue the importance of

supplementing financial information with non-financial information. An excellent report will

discuss the relationship between non-financial performance and financial performance and will

refer to the non-financial indicators shown in the Halfords Group plc annual report.

Task 6: Conclusion (10%)

This section should also be around 150 words. Provide a few concluding remarks summarising

the main findings of the report (all sections).

Task 7: Referencing and report presentation (10%):

A good report will rely primarily on several textbook references to support the analysis. An

excellent report will supplement textbooks with peer reviewed academic journals, benchmark

data and the annual report of Halfords Group plc. Inadequate referencing will result in no marks

for this section.

 

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